Gerard was possibly born in England, taught canon law[a] at the University of Paris in the 1150s, when the study of the discipline of the Church was first differentiated from theology, spurred by the collections of church decretals that began with the Decretum Gratiani assembled by a monk at the University of Bologna. Among his surviving texts are glosses on the Decretum manuscripts to be found among the manuscripts of Durham Cathedral[b] and glosses in the Summa Lipsiensis,[c] in the Summa Parisiensis,[d] and elsewhere. Gerard added to the standard collection from which he taught. Among his pupils were Lucas of Hungary, Ralph Niger, master Richard, a certain Gervase who retired to Durham, and the English scholar Walter Map.[2]
Gerard was a member of Thomas Becket's entourage, his extended familia,[3] and a close friend of John of Salisbury.[4] After Becket went into exile, Gerard taught for a while in Paris before he undertook a mission to the Empire[5] in 1165/66 even though Frederick Barbarossa was under a ban of excommunication.[6] Between 1165 and 1168 he taught at Cologne, and held a prebend at that city.[1] In 1168 Gerard returned to England and took the oath of fealty to Henry II, which Becket had rejected.[7]
From about 1174 Gerard was once again in England, serving as a principal clerk to Becket's successor as Archbishop of Canterbury, Richard of Dover. He was also with Peter of Blois for a time in Rome, where he represented Archbishop Richard before the Curia. In 1179, Gerard attended the Third Lateran Council as the archbishop's representative. From there, he may have returned to Cologne to teach for a bit, but by 1181 Gerard had returned to England.[6]
Perhaps already a canon,[citation needed] in January 1183, Gerard was appointed Bishop of Coventry,[8][e] which made him the vassal of Henry II of England,[f] but he died the following year on 13 January 1184[8] at Coventry. Some suspected that Gerard was poisoned. He was buried in Coventry Cathedral.[6]
^Manuscript (MS) C.III.1 marked with the siglum "Ger."
^The collection of decretals with commentary, as used in Leipzig marked with the siglum "Magister G. Coventris Episcopus" ("Doctor G. Bishop of Coventry")
^The decretals and commentaries collected at the University of Paris.
^The diocese was combined with that of Lichfield, 1121–1188.
^Throughout the latter part of the twelfth and early part of the thirteenth century, the bishop owed the service of fifteen knights.[9]
Citations
^ abWeigand "Transmontane Decretists" History of Medieval Canon Law pp. 182-183
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-56350-X.
Knowles, David (1976). The Monastic Order in England: A History of its Development from the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940–1216 (Second reprint ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-05479-6.
Weigand, Rudolf (2008). "The Transmontane Decretists". In Hartmann, Wilfried; Pennington, Kenneth (eds.). The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140-1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. pp. 174–210. ISBN978-0-8132-1491-7.
Further reading
Brundage, J. (1995). Medieval Canon Law. London: Longman. p. 211. ISBN0-582-09356-2.
S. Kuttner and E. Rathbone, "Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century" Traditio 7 1949–51 p. 279–358
Weiler, Dr. Bjorn review of Joseph P. Huffman, Family, Commerce and Religion in London and Cologne: Anglo-German Immigrants, c.1000-c.1300 (Cambridge University Press, 1998) and Joseph P. Huffman's response (on-lineArchived 28 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine)
