HMS Eclipse (1894)

	Eclipse during World War I
History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Eclipse
Builder	Portsmouth Dockyard
Laid down	11 December 1893
Launched	19 July 1894
Completed	23 March 1897
Fate	Sold for scrap, August 1921
General characteristics
Class and type	Eclipse-class protected cruiser
Displacement	5,600 long tons (5,690 t)
Length	350 ft (106.7 m)
Beam	53 ft 6 in (16.3 m)
Draught	20 ft 6 in (6.25 m)
Installed power	9,600 ihp (7,200 kW); 8 cylindrical boilers;
Propulsion	2 shafts, 2 Inverted triple-expansion steam engines
Speed	18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph)
Complement	450
Armament	As built:; 5 × QF 6-inch (152 mm) guns; 6 × QF 4.7-inch (120 mm) guns; 6 × 3-pounder QF guns; 3 × 18-inch torpedo tubes;
Armour	Gun shields: 3 in (76 mm); Engine hatch: 6 in (152 mm); Decks: 1.5–3 in (38–76 mm); Conning tower: 6 in (152 mm);

HMS Eclipse was an Eclipse-class protected cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1890s.

Design

Eclipse-class second-class protected cruisers were preceded by the shorter Astraea-class cruisers. Eclipse had a displacement of 5,600 long tons (5,700 t; 6,300 short tons) when at normal load. It had a total length of 373 ft (114 m), a beam of 53 ft 6 in (16.31 m), a metacentric height of around 3 m (9 ft 10 in), and a draught of 20 ft 6 in (6.25 m).^[1] It was powered by two inverted triple-expansion steam engines which used steam from eight cylindrical boilers. Using normal draught, the boilers were intended to provide the engines with enough steam to generate 8,000 indicated horsepower (6,000 kW) and to reach a speed of 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph); using forced draft, the equivalent figures were 9,600 indicated horsepower (7,200 kW) and a speed of 19.5 knots (36.1 km/h; 22.4 mph). Eclipse-class cruisers carried a maximum of 1,075 long tons (1,092 t) of coal and achieved maximum speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) in sea trials.^[2]

It carried five 40-calibre 6-inch (152 mm) quick-firing (QF) guns in single mounts protected by gun shields. One gun was mounted on the forecastle, two on the quarterdeck and one pair was abreast the bridge.^[3] They fired 100-pound (45 kg) shells at a muzzle velocity of 2,205 ft/s (672 m/s).^[4] The secondary armament consisted of six 40-calibre 4.7-inch (120 mm) guns; three on each broadside. Their 45-pound (20.4 kg) shells were fired at a muzzle velocity of 2,125 ft/s (648 m/s).^[5] It was fitted with three 18-inch torpedo tubes, one submerged tube on each broadside and one above water in the stern.^[6] Its ammunition supply consisted of 200 six-inch rounds per gun, 250 shells for each 4.7-inch gun, 300 rounds per gun for the 76 mm (3.0 in)s and 500 for each three-pounder. Eclipse had ten torpedoes, presumably four for each broadside tube and two for the stern tube.^[7]

Service

HMS Eclipse was launched in 1894 and completed in 1897. In 1899 she served in the Indian Ocean as the flagship of the East Indies Squadron.^[8]

She was commissioned at Chatham dockyard in late May 1901, with a crew of 450 officers and men to relieve HMS Hermione on the China Station.^[9]

On the outbreak of the First World War she formed part of the 12th Cruiser Squadron, which patrolled at the Western end of the English Channel, with particular duties to stop suspicious vessels and prevent disguised minelayers from interfering with cross-Channel traffic.^[10]^[11]

Footnotes

^ McBride, pp. 138–39
^ McBride, pp. 137–39
^ McBride, p. 137
^ Friedman, pp. 87–88
^ Friedman, p. 92
^ Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 78
^ McBride, p. 139
^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36040. London. 16 January 1900. p. 9.
^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36469. London. 31 May 1901. p. 4.
^ Naval Staff Monograph No. 23 1924, pp. 54–56.
^ Corbett 1920, pp. 31, 76.

References

Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
Corbett, Julian S. (1920). History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Volume I: To the Battle of the Falklands December 1914. History of the Great War. London: Longmans, Green & Co. OCLC 3759388.
Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
McBride, Keith (2012). "The Cruiser Family Talbot". In John Jordan (ed.). Warship 2012. London: Conway. pp. 136–41. ISBN 978-1-84486-156-9.
Monograph No. 23: Home Waters—Part I: From the Outbreak of War to 27 August 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. X. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1924.
Monograph No. 31: Home Waters—Part VI: From October 1915 to May 1916 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XV. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1926.