Heinkel He 60

He 60
He 60
	Heinkel He 60.
General information
Type	Reconnaissance seaplane
Manufacturer	Heinkel
Primary users	Luftwaffe Kriegsmarine
Number built	361
History
Introduction date	1933
First flight	Early 1933
Retired	1943

The Heinkel He 60 was a German single-engined biplane reconnaissance seaplane designed to be catapulted from Kriegsmarine (German navy) warships of the 1930s.

Development and design

The Heinkel He 60 was designed by Heinkel engineer Reinhold Mewes, the designer of the He 59.^[1] The resulting design was a single-engined biplane of mixed wood and metal construction with fabric covering. Its single bay wings were of equal-span and had significant stagger.^[2]

The first prototype flew early in 1933 and proved to be underpowered with its 492 kW (660 hp) BMW VI engine. The second prototype had a more powerful version of the BMW engine, but this only marginally improved its performance and was unreliable, so production aircraft reverted to the original engine.^[2]^[3] Of conventional configuration, the He 60 was a sturdy aircraft, designed (as the specification required) to be capable of operating on the open sea. As a result, it was always somewhat underpowered for its weight, which made handling sluggish and the aircraft vulnerable to enemy fire. Attempts were made to solve its lack of power by fitting one aircraft with a Daimler-Benz DB 600 engine, but engines were not available for production.^[4] About 200 He 60Cs and Ds were built by Arado and Weser.^[5]

Operational history

Initial deliveries of the He 60 were to Kriegsmarine training units in June 1933.^[4] From 1934, the major production version, the He 60C began to be delivered to the shipboard observation seaplane units of the Kriegsmarine, operating from the catapults of all German cruisers.^[6] It also saw action with Spanish Nationalist forces during the Civil War.^[1]

In 1939 it was replaced as a shipboard aircraft first by the He 114 in service, then soon after by the Arado Ar 196, but it remained in service with several coast reconnaissance Staffeln (squadrons) when World War II began.^[7] It had been withdrawn from front-line service by 1940, but returned to use following Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, being used by various SAGr (Seeaufklarungsgruppe/Maritime reconnaissance group)^[8] for coastal patrol work in the Baltic and Mediterranean Seas. All He 60s were removed from service by October 1943.^[1]

Variants

He 60a: First prototype which began flight testing in early 1933.
He 60b: Second prototype which experimented with a more powerful engine. However, it proved no better and the design reverted to that used in the 60a.
He 60c: Third prototype, used for successful catapult trials in early 1933. This aircraft was delivered into operational service with the navy.
He 60A: 14 pre-production aircraft were ordered. A total of 81 A-variant aircraft were produced.
He 60B: Initial production version, commencing in 1934.
He 60B-3: In 1933 a single aircraft was fitted with a 671 kW (900 hp) Daimler-Benz DB 600 engine in an effort to improve performance. However, the development was dropped.
He 60C: In late summer 1934, the improved C-variant went into production, with first deliveries in Autumn 1934.
He 60D: The D-variant was similar to the He 60C, with the capability added for a fixed MG-17 machine gun and improved radio equipment. Production commenced in June 1936.
He 60E: 6 aircraft were ordered by Spain, and these D-variants were called the 60E, ending delivery in April 1937. They flew coastal patrols in the Spanish Civil War, and the last aircraft were withdrawn from service in 1948.

Operators

Bulgaria

Bulgarian Navy - 5 examples from 1942-1944

Germany

Luftwaffe
Kriegsmarine

Spanish State

Spanish Air Force

Specifications (He 60)

Data from War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Six Floatplanes ^[6]

General characteristics

Crew: 2
Length: 11.5 m (37 ft 9 in)
Wingspan: 13.5 m (44 ft 3 in)
Height: 5.3 m (17 ft 5 in)
Wing area: 56 m² (600 sq ft)
Empty weight: 2,735 kg (6,030 lb)
Gross weight: 3,407 kg (7,511 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × BMW VI 6.0 V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 492 kW (660 hp)
Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

Maximum speed: 240 km/h (150 mph, 130 kn) at sea level
Cruise speed: 216 km/h (134 mph, 117 kn)
Range: 826 km (513 mi, 446 nmi) at 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
Time to altitude: 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 3 minutes 12 seconds

Armament

Guns: 1 × 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 15 machine gun in flexible mount for observer

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c Donald 1994, p.97.
^ ^a ^b Smith and Kay 1972, p.229.
^ Green 1962, p.71
^ ^a ^b Green 1962, p.72.
^ Munson 1978, p. 71.
^ ^a ^b Green 1962, p.73.
^ Smith and Kay 1972, p.231.
^ Munson 1978, p. 72.

Bibliography

Donald, David (editor). Warplanes of the Luftwaffe. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-874023-56-5.
Fernandez, José (August 1994). "Le Heinkel He 60 (3ème partie)" [The Heinkel He 60, Part 3]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (18): 44–48. ISSN 1243-8650.
Gerdessen, Frederik. "Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945". Air Enthusiast, No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 61–76. ISSN 0143-5450.
Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Six Floatplanes. London: Macdonald 1962.
Lang, Gerhard. The Heinkel HE 60 (Luftwaffe Profile). Schiffer Publishing, 2004. ISBN 0-88740-922-9
Munson, Kenneth (1978). German Aircraft Of World War 2 in colour. Poole, Dorsett, UK: Blandford Press. ISBN 0-7137-0860-3.
Smith, J.R. and Kay, Antony L. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam, 1972. ISBN 0-85177-920-4.

[donald_p97-1] Donald 1994, p.97.

[Smith_p229-2] Smith and Kay 1972, p.229.

[Green_v6_p71-3] Green 1962, p.71

[Green_v6_p72-4] Green 1962, p.72.

[FOOTNOTEMunson197871-5] Munson 1978, p. 71.

[Green_v6_p73-6] Green 1962, p.73.

[Smith_p231-7] Smith and Kay 1972, p.231.

[FOOTNOTEMunson197872-8] Munson 1978, p. 72.

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Heinkel He 60

Development and design

Operational history

Variants

Operators

Specifications (He 60)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

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