Holoclemensia

Holoclemensia; Temporal range: Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) 110–100 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Teeth of Holoclemensia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Clade:	Metatheria; Slaughter, 1968
Genus:	†Holoclemensia; Slaughter, 1968
Type species
	†Holoclemensia texana; Slaughter, 1968
Synonyms
	Clemensia Slaughter, 1968; Comanchea Jacobs et al 1989;

Holoclemensia is an extinct genus of mammal of uncertain phylogenetic placement. It lived during the Early Cretaceous and its fossil remains were discovered in Texas.

Description

This genus is only known from a few isolated teeth. The upper molars had a paracone larger than the metacone, and a stylar platform with stylar cusps. The lower molars had a high protoconid, a small paraconid, and the hypoconulid and entoconid were close.^[1]

Classification

First described in 1968 by Slaughter, Holoclemensia texana is only known from a few teeth found in the Trinity Formation, in Texas. Slaughter initially described the remains under the name Clemensia, but this name was already in use for a genus of moths and the genus was renamed Holoclemensia. It was initially considered to be a basal marsupial, then was approached of the so-called group "Tribotheria",^[2] was later reconsidered as a marsupial,^[3] and was finally placed as a basal member of Metatheria.^[4] Despite its uncertain classification, Holoclemensia was probably close to the point where Metatherians and Eutherians diverged from each other.

References and Bibliography

^ Slaughter, B. H. 1971. Mid-Cretaceous (Albian) therians of the Butler Farm local fauna, Texas. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 50:131–143.
^ Butler, P. M. 1978. A new interpretation of the mammalian teeth of tribosphenic pattern from the Albian of Texas. Breviora 446:1–27.
^ Cifelli, R. L. 1993. Theria of metatherian-eutherian grade and the origin of marsupials; pp. 205–215 in F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna (eds.), Mammal Phylogeny: Mesozoic Differentiation, Multituberculates, Monotremes, Early Therians, and Marsupials. Springer-Verlag, New York.
^ *Luo, Z.-X., Q. Ji, J. R. Wible, and C.-X. Yuan. 2003. An Early Cretaceous tribosphenic mammal and metatherian evolution. Science 302:1934–1940.

Slaughter, B. H. 1968. Earliest known marsupials. Science 162:254-255
Slaughter, B. H. 1968. Holoclemensia instead of Clemensia. Science 162:1306
Davis, B.M. and Cifelli, R.L. 2011. Reappraisal of the tribosphenidan mammals from the Trinity Group (Aptian–Albian) of Texas and Oklahoma. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (3): 441–462.