Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Imam

For other uses, see Imam (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Iman or Imamah.
Mughal Imams in discourse
Part of a series on Islam
Usul al-Fiqh
Fiqh
Ahkam
Legal vocations and titles
Prayer in Cairo, painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1865

Imam (/ɪˈmɑːm/, Arabic: إمام, imām; pl.: أئمة, a'immah) is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. Thus for Sunnis, anyone can study the basic Islamic sciences and become an Imam.

For most Shia Muslims, the Imams are absolute infallible leaders of the Islamic community after the Prophet. Shias consider the term to be only applicable to the members and descendants of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Twelver Shīʿīsm there are 14 infallibles, 12 of which are Imams, the final being Imam Mahdi who will return at the end of times.[1] The title was also used by the Zaidi Shia Imams of Yemen, who eventually founded the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970).

Sunni imams

Sunni Islam does not have imams in the same sense as the Shi'a, an important distinction often overlooked by those outside of the Islamic religion. In everyday terms, an imam for Sunni Muslims is the one who leads Islamic formal (Fard) prayers, even in locations besides the mosque, whenever prayers are done in a group of two or more with one person leading (imam) and the others following by copying his ritual actions of worship. Friday sermon is most often given by an appointed imam. All mosques have an imam to lead the (congregational) prayers, even though it may sometimes just be a member from the gathered congregation rather than an officially appointed salaried person. Women cannot be an imam in the presence of men, but allowed to be an imam to other women in the case if no man is available. The person that should be chosen, according to Hadith, is one who has most knowledge of the Quran and Sunnah (prophetic tradition) and is of good character.

Title of scholarly authority

Another well-known use of the term is as an honorary title for a recognized religious scholarly authority in Islam. It is especially used for a jurist (faqīh) and often for the founders of the four Sunni madhhabs or schools of jurisprudence (fiqh), as well as an authority on Quranic exegesis (tafsīr), such as Al-Tabari or Ibn Kathir.

It may also refer to the Muhaddithūn or scholars who created the analytical sciences related to Hadith and sometimes refer to the heads of Muhammad's family in their generational times due to their scholarly authority.[2]

Imam Ibrahim Hawlery
Occupation
Occupation type
vocation
Activity sectors
religion
Description
CompetenciesKnowledge of Quran and Sunnah, religious devotion
Education required
Madrassa, İmam Hatip school or university education
Fields of
employment
Mosque
Related jobs
Mufti

The position of imams in Turkey

Imams are appointed by the state to work at mosques and they are required to be graduates of an İmam Hatip high school or have a university degree in theology. This is an official position regulated by the Presidency of Religious Affairs[3] in Turkey and only males are appointed to this position, whilst female officials under the same state organisation work as preachers and Qur'an course tutors, religious services experts, etc. These officials are supposed to belong to the Hanafi school of the Sunni sect.

A central figure in an Islamic movement is also called an imam, like Imam Nawawi in Syria.

Shia imams

Main articles: Imamate in Shia doctrine and The Twelve Imams

In the Shi'a context, an imam is not only presented as the man of God par excellence, but as participating fully in the names, attributes, and acts that theology usually reserves for God alone.[4] Imams have a meaning more central to belief, referring to leaders of the community. Twelver and Ismaili Shi'a believe that these imams are chosen by God to be perfect examples for the faithful and to lead all humanity in all aspects of life. They also believe that all the imams chosen are free from committing any sin, impeccability which is called ismah. These leaders must be followed since they are appointed by God.

Twelver

Here follows a list of the Twelvers Shia imams:

Number Name
(Full/Kunya)		 Title
(Arabic/Turkish)[5]		 Birth–Death
(CE/AH)[a]		 Importance Birthplace (present day country) Place of death and burial
1 Ali ibn Abi Talib
علي بن أبي طالب
Abu al-Hassan or Abu al-Husayn
أبو الحسین or أبو الحسن 		Amir al-Mu'minin
(Commander of the Faithful)[6]
Birinci Ali[7] 		600–661[6]
23 BH–40[8] 		The first imam and successor of Muhammad in Shia Islam; however, the Sunnis acknowledge him as the fourth Caliph as well. He holds a high position in almost all Sufi Muslim orders (Turuq); the members of these orders trace their lineage to Muhammad through him.[6] Mecca, Saudi Arabia[6] Assassinated by Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam, a Kharijite in Kufa, who slashed him with a poisoned sword.[6][9] Buried at the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf, Iraq.
2 Hassan ibn Ali
الحسن بن علي
Abu Muhammad
أبو محمد 		al-Mujtaba
İkinci Ali[7] 		624–670[10]
3–50[11] 		He was the eldest surviving grandson of Muhammad through Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah Zahra. Hasan succeeded his father as the caliph in Kufa, and on the basis of peace treaty with Muawiya I, he relinquished control of Iraq following a reign of seven months.[12] Medina, Saudi Arabia[10] Poisoned by his wife in Medina, Saudi Arabia.[13] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi.
3 Husayn ibn Ali
الحسین بن علي
Abu Abdillah
أبو عبدالله 		Sayed al-Shuhada
Üçüncü Ali[7] 		626–680[14]
4–61[15] 		He was a grandson of Muhammad. Husayn opposed the validity of Caliph Yazid I. As a result, he and his family were later killed in the Battle of Karbala by Yazid's forces. After this incident, the commemoration of Husayn ibn Ali has become a central ritual in Shia identity.[14][16] Medina, Saudi Arabia[14] Killed on Day of Ashura (10 Muharram) and beheaded at the Battle of Karbala.[14] Buried at the Imam Husayn Shrine in Karbala, Iraq.
4 Ali ibn al-Hussein
علي بن الحسین
Abu Muhammad
أبو محمد 		al-Sajjad, Zain al-Abedin[17]
Dördüncü Ali[7] 		658–9[17] – 712[18]
38[17]–95[18] 		Author of prayers in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, which is known as "The Psalm of the Household of the Prophet."[18] Medina, Saudi Arabia[17] According to most Shia scholars, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph al-Walid I in Medina, Saudi Arabia.[18] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi.
5 Muhammad ibn Ali
محمد بن علي
Abu Ja'far
أبو جعفر 		al-Baqir al-Ulum

(splitting open knowledge)[19]

Beşinci Ali[7] 		677–732[19]
57–114[19] 		Sunni and Shia sources both describe him as one of the early and most eminent legal scholars, teaching many students during his tenure.[19][20] Medina, Saudi Arabia[19] According to some Shia scholars, he was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn Walid ibn 'Abdallah in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the order of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.[18] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi.
6 Ja'far ibn Muhammad
جعفر بن محمد
Abu Abdillah
أبو عبدالله 		al-Sadiq[21]


(the Trustworthy)

Altıncı Ali[7] 		702–765[21]
83–148[21] 		Established the Ja'fari jurisprudence and developed the Theology of Shia. He instructed many scholars in different fields, including Abu Hanifah and Malik ibn Anas in fiqh, Wasil ibn Ata and Hisham ibn Hakam in Islamic theology, and Jābir ibn Hayyān in science and alchemy.[22] Medina, Saudi Arabia[21] According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the order of Caliph Al-Mansur.[21] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi.
7 Musa ibn Ja'far
موسی بن جعفر
Abu al-Hassan I
أبو الحسن الأول[23] 		al-Kazim[24]
Yedinci Ali[7] 		744–799[24]
128–183[24] 		Leader of the Shia community during the schism of Ismaili and other branches after the death of the former imam, Jafar al-Sadiq.[25] He established the network of agents who collected khums in the Shia community of the Middle East and the Greater Khorasan.[26] Medina, Saudi Arabia[24] Imprisoned and poisoned in Baghdad, Iraq on the order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Buried in the Kazimayn shrine in Baghdad.[24]
8 Ali ibn Musa
علي بن موسی
[23] 		al-Rida, Reza[27]
Sekizinci Ali[7] 		765–817[27]
148–203[27] 		Made crown-prince by Caliph Al-Ma'mun, and famous for his discussions with both Muslim and non-Muslim religious scholars.[27] Medina, Saudi Arabia[27] According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in Mashad, Iran on the order of Caliph Al-Ma'mun. Buried in the Imam Reza shrine in Mashad.[27]
9 Muhammad ibn Ali
محمد بن علي
Abu Ja'far
أبو جعفر 		al-Taqi, al-Jawad[28]
Dokuzuncu Ali[7] 		810–835[28]
195–220[28] 		Famous for his generosity and piety in the face of persecution by the Abbasid caliphate. Medina, Saudi Arabia[28] Poisoned by his wife, Al-Ma'mun's daughter, in Baghdad, Iraq on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tasim. Buried in the Kazmain shrine in Baghdad.[28]
10 Ali ibn Muhammad
علي بن محمد
Abu al-Hassan III
أبو الحسن الثالث[29] 		al-Hadi, al-Naqi[29]
Onuncu Ali[7] 		827–868[29]
212–254[29] 		Strengthened the network of deputies in the Shia community. He sent them instructions, and received in turn financial contributions of the faithful from the khums and religious vows.[29] Surayya, a village near Medina, Saudi Arabia[29] According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in Samarra, Iraq on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tazz.[30] Buried in the Al Askari Mosque in Samarra.
11 Hassan ibn Ali
الحسن بن علي
Abu Muhammad
أبو محمد 		al-Askari[31]
Onbirinci Ali[7] 		846–874[31]
232–260[31] 		For most of his life, the Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mu'tamid, placed restrictions on him after the death of his father. Repression of the Shi'ite population was particularly high at the time due to their large size and growing power.[32] Medina, Saudi Arabia[31] According to Shia, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tamid in Samarra, Iraq. Buried in Al Askari Mosque in Samarra.[33]
12 Muhammad ibn al-Hassan
محمد بن الحسن
Abu al-Qasim
أبو القاسم 		al-Mahdi, Hidden Imam, al-Hujjah[34]
Onikinci Ali[7] 		868–unknown[35]
255–unknown[35] 		According to Twelver doctrine, he is the current imam and the promised Mahdi, a messianic figure who will return with Isa (Jesus). He will reestablish the rightful governance of Islam and replete the earth with justice and peace.[36] Samarra, Iraq[35] According to Shia doctrine, he has been living in the Occultation since 872, which shall continue as long as God wills it.[35]

Fatimah, also Fatimah al-Zahraa, daughter of Muhammed (615–632), is also considered infallible but not an Imam. The Shi'a believe that the last Imam, the 12th Imam Mahdi will one day emerge on the Day of Resurrection (Qiyamah).

Ismaili

See Imamah (Ismaili doctrine) and List of Ismaili imams for Ismaili imams.

Zaidi

See details under Zaidiyyah, Islamic history of Yemen and Imams of Yemen.

Imams as secular rulers

At times, imams have held both secular and religious authority. This was the case in Oman among the Kharijite or Ibadi sects. At times, the imams were elected. At other times the position was inherited, as with the Yaruba dynasty from 1624 and 1742. See List of rulers of Oman, the Rustamid dynasty: 776–909, Nabhani dynasty: 1154–1624, the Yaruba dynasty: 1624–1742, the Al Said: 1744–present for further information.[37] The Imamate of Futa Jallon (1727–1896) was a Fulani state in West Africa where secular power alternated between two lines of hereditary Imams, or almami.[38] In the Zaidi Shiite sect, imams were secular as well as spiritual leaders who held power in Yemen for more than a thousand years. In 897, a Zaidi ruler, al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya, founded a line of such imams, a theocratic form of government which survived until the second half of the 20th century. (See details under Zaidiyyah, History of Yemen, Imams of Yemen.)

Ruhollah Khomeini is officially referred to as Imam in Iran. Several Iranian places and institutions are named "Imam Khomeini", including a city, an international airport, a hospital, and a university.

Gallery

Imams

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The abbreviation CE refers to the Common Era solar calendar, while AH refers to the Islamic Hijri lunar calendar.

Citations

  1. ^ Corbin 1993, p. 30
  2. ^ Dhami, Sangeeta; Sheikh, Aziz (November 2000). "The Muslim family". Western Journal of Medicine. 173 (5): 352–356. doi:10.1136/ewjm.173.5.352. ISSN 0093-0415. PMC 1071164. PMID 11069879.
  3. ^ "Presidency of Religious Affairs". www.diyanet.gov.tr.
  4. ^ Amir-Moezzi, Ali (2008). Spirituality and Islam. London: Tauris. p. 103. ISBN 9781845117382.
  5. ^ The imam's Arabic titles are used by the majority of Twelver Shia who use Arabic as a liturgical language, including the Usooli, Akhbari, Shaykhi, and to a lesser extent Alawi. Turkish titles are generally used by Alevi, a fringe Twelver group, who make up around 10% of the world Shia population. The titles for each imam literally translate as "First Ali", "Second Ali", and so forth. Mattar, Philip (2004). Encyclopedia of the modern Middle East & North Africa. Detroit, Mich: Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 9780028657691.
  6. ^ a b c d e Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. "Ali". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Mattar, Philip (2004). Encyclopedia of the modern Middle East & North Africa. Detroit, Mich: Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 9780028657691.
  8. ^ Tabatabae (1979), pp.190-192
  9. ^ Tabatabae (1979), p.192
  10. ^ a b "Hasan". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  11. ^ Tabatabae (1979), pp.194–195
  12. ^ Madelung, Wilferd. "Hasan ibn Ali". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
  13. ^ Tabatabae (1979), p.195
  14. ^ a b c d "al-Husayn". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  15. ^ Tabatabae (1979), pp.196–199
  16. ^ Calmard, Jean. "Husayn ibn Ali". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
  17. ^ a b c d Madelung, Wilferd. "'ALĪ B. AL-ḤOSAYN". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  18. ^ a b c d e Tabatabae (1979), p.202
  19. ^ a b c d e Madelung, Wilferd. "AL-BAQER, ABU JAFAR MOHAMMAD". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  20. ^ Tabatabae (1979), p.203
  21. ^ a b c d e Tabatabae (1979), p.203-204
  22. ^ "Wāṣil ibn ʿAṭāʾ". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 1 January 2019.
  23. ^ a b Madelung, Wilferd. "'ALĪ AL-HĀDĪ". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
  24. ^ a b c d e Tabatabae (1979), p.205
  25. ^ Tabatabae (1979) p. 78
  26. ^ Sachedina (1988), pp.53–54
  27. ^ a b c d e f Tabatabae (1979), pp.205–207
  28. ^ a b c d e Tabatabae (1979), p. 207
  29. ^ a b c d e f Madelung, Wilferd. "'ALĪ AL-HĀDĪ". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  30. ^ Tabatabae (1979), pp.208–209
  31. ^ a b c d Halm, H. "'ASKARĪ". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  32. ^ Tabatabae (1979) pp. 209–210
  33. ^ Tabatabae (1979), pp.209–210
  34. ^ "Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Hujjah". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  35. ^ a b c d Tabatabae (1979), pp.210–211
  36. ^ Tabatabae (1979), pp. 211–214
  37. ^ Miles, Samuel Barrett (1919). The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf. Garnet Pub. pp. 50, 437. ISBN 978-1-873938-56-0. Retrieved 2013-11-15.
  38. ^ Holt, P. M.; Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Bernard Lewis (1977-04-21). The Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press. p. 365. ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8.

Works cited

General references

  • Martin, Richard C. (2004). "Imam". Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Vol. 1: Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A–L. MacMillan. ISBN 0-02-865604-0.
  • Momen, Moojan (1985). An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelve. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03531-4.

External links
Read more information:

Maryland Route 286

State highway in Maryland, United States Maryland Route 286Maryland Route 286 highlighted in redRoute informationMaintained by MDSHALength2.09 mi[1] (3.36 km)Existed1930–presentMajor junctionsWest end MD 537 in Chesapeake CityEast end DE 286 near Chesapeake City LocationCountryUnited StatesStateMarylandCountiesCecil Highway system Maryland highway system Interstate US State Scenic Byways ← MD 285→ MD 287 Maryland Route 286 (MD 286) is a state highway i…

Jegichagi

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut). …

Keong macan

Keong macan Babylonia spirata TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumMolluscaKelasGastropodaOrdoNeogastropodaFamiliBabyloniidaeGenusBabyloniaSpesiesBabylonia spirata Linnaeus, 1758 lbs Babilonia spirata, atau nama umumnya keong macan adalah spesies siput laut, moluska gastropoda laut, dalam keluarga Babyloniidae . [1] Ini adalah jenis spesies dari genus Babilonia . [2]Cangkangnya sering dijadikan sebagai cenderamata atau sekadar pernak-pernik. Babilonia spirata mirip dengan B. zeylanica, …

Progetto Vanguard

Un razzo Vanguard sul complesso di lancio 18 alla base di lancio di Cape Canaveral. Il Progetto Vanguard è stato un programma spaziale gestito dal Laboratorio di ricerca navale degli Stati Uniti d'America (NRL), avente lo scopo di mettere in orbita il primo satellite artificiale nella storia dell'uomo utilizzando come vettore un razzo Vanguard[1] lanciato dalla base di lancio di Canaveral, in Florida. In risposta al lancio del satellite Sputnik 1 da parte dell'Unione Sovietica avvenuto …

Kamera digital

artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Sebuah kamera digital SiPix yang didekatkan dengan sebuah kotak korek api untuk membandingkan ukurannya. Kamera digital adalah sebuah perangkat elekt…

Kudeta Kanton

Kudeta Kanton Zhongshan mengeluarkan uap Insiden Zhongshan Hanzi tradisional: 中山艦事件 Hanzi sederhana: 中山舰事件 Makna literal: Insiden Kapal Perang Zhongshan Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngshān Jiàn Shìjiàn Chiang Kai-shek memimpin Ekspedisi Utara tahun 1926. Sebuah model dari Zhongshan. Musem Kapal Perang Zhongshan di Wuhan. Kapal perang yang diperbaiki. Kudeta Kanton[1] tanggal 20 Maret 1926, juga dikenal sebagai Insiden Zhongshan[2] atau Insiden …

Daftar Wakil Bupati Pesawaran

Wakil Bupati PesawaranPetahanaKolonel (Purn.) S. Marzuki, S.Sos., M.Si.sejak 26 Februari 2021Masa jabatan5 tahunDibentuk20 September 2010Pejabat pertamaDrs. Hi. MusiranSitus webpesawarankab.go.id Berikut ini adalah daftar pejabat Wakil Bupati Pesawaran dari masa ke masa. No Wakil Bupati Mulai Jabatan Akhir Jabatan Prd. Ket. Bupati 1 Drs. Hi.Musiran 20 September 2010 20 September 2015 1   Aries Sandi Darma PutraS.H., M.H. Jabatan kosong 20 September 2015 17 Februari 2016 -   Drs. H…

Istana Pizza

Istana PizzaAlbum studio karya TasyaDirilis3 Mei 2003GenrepopLabelSony Music KidsKronologi Tasya Ketupat Lebaran (2002)String Module Error: Match not foundString Module Error: Match not found Istana Pizza (2005) The Very Best of Tasya (2005)String Module Error: Match not foundString Module Error: Match not found Istana Pizza merupakan sebuah album keempat karya penyanyi cilik Indonesia, Tasya. Album ini dirilis pada taun 2003. Album ini merupakan satu dari segelintir album konsep yang pernah…

Sanjog (film 1971)

SanjogPoster Hindi asliSutradaraS. BalasubramanianPemeranAmitabh Bachchan dan Mala SinhaPenata musikR.D.Burman , Rajendra Krishan (lirik)Tanggal rilis1971NegaraIndiaBahasaHindi Sanjog adalah sebuah film drama Bollywood 1971 yang disutradarai oleh S. Balasubramanian. Film tersebut dibintangi oleh Amitabh Bachchan dan Mala Sinha. Film tersebut tak ada hubungannya dengan dua film berikut ini: Film Hindi K. Vishwanath Sanjog (film 1985) yang dibintangi oleh Jeetendra dan Jayaprada dalam peran …

العلاقات البالاوية المنغولية

العلاقات البالاوية المنغولية بالاو منغوليا   بالاو   منغوليا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات البالاوية المنغولية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين بالاو ومنغوليا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة ب…

Ellen Swallow Richards

American engineer and chemist (1843–1911) Ellen H. Swallow RichardsRichards c. 1890sFrom The Life of Ellen H. Richardsby Caroline L. Hunt, 1912Born(1842-12-03)December 3, 1842Dunstable, Massachusetts, U.S.DiedMarch 30, 1911(1911-03-30) (aged 68)Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.Resting placeChrist Church Cemetery, Gardiner, Maine, U.S.EducationVassar CollegeMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyOccupationsChemistprofessorKnown forHome economicsEuthenicsSchool mealsSpouse Robert Hallowell Ric…

العلاقات الكرواتية الكورية الجنوبية

العلاقات الكرواتية الكورية الجنوبية كرواتيا كوريا الجنوبية   كرواتيا   كوريا الجنوبية تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الكرواتية الكورية الجنوبية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين كرواتيا وكوريا الجنوبية.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مق…

Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number

2015 video game 2015 video gameHotline Miami 2: Wrong NumberCover art featuring Beard, drawn by Niklas ÅkerbladDeveloper(s)Dennaton GamesAbstraction GamesPublisher(s)Devolver DigitalDesigner(s)Jonatan SöderströmDennis WedinProgrammer(s)Jonatan SöderströmArtist(s)Dennis WedinWriter(s)Jonatan SöderströmDennis WedinPlatform(s) WindowsOS XLinuxPlayStation 3PlayStation 4PlayStation Vita Android Nintendo Switch Xbox One Stadia PlayStation 5 Xbox Series X/S Release 10 March 2015 Lin, OSX, PS3, P…

Visa requirements for Beninese citizens

Administrative entry restrictions Beninese passport Visa requirements for Beninese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Benin. As of 2 July 2019, Beninese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 61 countries and territories, ranking the Beninese passport 83rd in terms of travel freedom (tied with a passport from Morocco) according to the Henley Passport Index.[1] Visa requirements map   Benin &#…

Gambino (famiglia)

Schema della famiglia usato dalla giustizia statunitense nel 1963 La famiglia Gambino è una delle cinque famiglie mafiose di New York e una delle più potenti di tutti gli Stati Uniti. Indice 1 Storia 1.1 Le origini 1.2 Proibizionismo 1.3 Cosa Nostra 1.4 Carlo Gambino 1.5 Paul Castellano e John Gotti 1.6 Anni recenti 1.6.1 Inchiesta New Bridge 2 Leadership storica 2.1 Boss (ufficiale e reggente) 2.2 Boss di strada 2.3 Vice-boss (ufficiale e reggente) 2.4 Consigliere (ufficiale e reggente) 3 Att…

Marine sud-africaine

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une unité ou formation militaire et l’Afrique du Sud. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Marine sud-africaine Création 1er avril 1922-Présent Pays Afrique du Sud Type Marine militaire Effectif 5 801 Fait partie de Forces de défense d’Afrique du Sud Garnison Le Cap Ancienne dénomination South Afrikan Naval ServiceSouth Afrikan Naval ForcesSeaward Defe…

Show! Music Core

Show! Music CoreLogo MBC Show! Music Core digunakan sejak pertengahan 2019GenreMusik, hiburanPresenterYounghoon (The Boyz)Lee Jung-haSullyoon (NMIXX)Negara asalKorea SelatanBahasa asliKoreaJmlh. episode849 (per 6 April 2024)ProduksiDurasi65 menitRilis asliJaringanMBC (langsung) MBC M (siaran tunda)Format gambar1080i (ATSC)2160p (ATSC 3.0) (uji coba mulai 13 Februari - 12 Maret 2016)[1]Format audioStereoRilis9 Oktober 2005 –sekarang Nama KoreaHangul쇼! 음악중심 Hanja쇼! 音…

Padang Bulan

Padang Bulan PengarangAndrea HirataNegaraIndonesiaBahasaIndonesiaGenre Fiksi Penerbit Bentang Pustaka (Yogyakarta) Tanggal terbit2010Halaman260 halamanISBNISBN 978-602-881-109-5 Padang Bulan adalah sebuah novel fiksi karya Andrea Hirata, diterbitkan oleh Bentang Pustaka pada 2010. Novel ini berkisah tentang Enong, gadis kecil yang ketika usia ke 14 harus kehilangan sosok seorang ayah dan mengemban tugas sebagai anak pertama yang begitu berat. Enong harus meninggalkan sekolahnya demi sekolah…

Swaran Singh

Indian politician (1907–1994) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Swaran Singh – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Sardar Swaran SinghMinister of DefenceIn office10 October 1974 – 1 December 1975Prime MinisterInd…

Kevin Ríos

Colombian cyclist Kevin RíosPersonal informationFull nameKevin Daniel Rios QuintanaBorn (1993-01-24) 24 January 1993 (age 31)Rionegro, Antioquia, ColombiaHeight1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)Weight73 kg (161 lb)Team informationDisciplineTrackRoleRiderRider typePursuitAmateur team2011Coldeportes Kevin Daniel Ríos Quintana (born January 24, 1993, in Rionegro, Antioquia) is a Colombian amateur track cyclist.[1][2] He represented his nation Colombia, as a…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya