James J. Davidson (November 5, 1861 – January 2, 1897) was an American politician and businessman.

Born in Connellsville, Pennsylvania on November 5, 1861, Davidson moved with his family to Beaver County, Pennsylvania. In 1878, he attended school in Beaver, Pennsylvania and then Bethany College, in Bethany, West Virginia prior to graduating from the University of Kentucky in 1883.

He then returned to Beaver, Pennsylvania to study law. In 1885, he worked for Darragh, Watson & Company, which was engaged in oil production.

Davidson subsequently became president of Union Drawn Steel Works. In 1896, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a Republican. During this time, he traveled to Colorado and Utah to try to improve his ill health.

In 1897, Davidson died in Phoenix, Arizona Territory as a result of his ill health and before the March 4, 1897 beginning of his term.^[1]

• List of members-elect of the United States House of Representatives who never took their seats