Jefferson County, Indiana

	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
	█ Precipitation totals in inches
	Source: The Weather Channel

Madison, Indiana
Climate chart (explanation)
	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
	█ Precipitation totals in inches
	Source: The Weather Channel
Metric conversion
	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
	█ Precipitation totals in mm

Jefferson County
Jefferson County
County
	Jefferson County Courthouse in Madison
	Location within the U.S. state of Indiana
	Indiana's location within the U.S.
	Coordinates: 38°47′N 85°26′W / 38.79°N 85.44°W
Country	United States
State	Indiana
Founded	1811
Named for	Thomas Jefferson
Seat	Madison
Largest city	Madison
Area
• Total	362.89 sq mi (939.9 km2)
• Land	360.63 sq mi (934.0 km2)
• Water	2.26 sq mi (5.9 km2) 0.62%
Population (2020)
• Total	33,147
• Estimate (2023)	33,056
• Density	91/sq mi (35/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district	6th
Website	jeffersoncounty.in.gov/index.php
	Indiana county number 39

Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 33,147.^[1] The county seat is Madison.^[2]

History

Jefferson County was formed on February 1, 1811, from Dearborn and Clark Counties. It was named for Thomas Jefferson, principal draftsman of the Northwest Ordinance and President of the United States from 1801 through 1809.^[3]^[4]

Jefferson County was one of Indiana's first counties, and many important early Hoosiers came from Madison, including William Hendricks. Throughout the early history of the state, Madison was one of the leading cities competing with Vincennes, and later New Albany, to be the largest city in the state. The county fell into economic decline after the American Civil War, as industry began to shift from southern Indiana to the northern part of the state.

On the evening of May 20, 2009, the county courthouse caught fire. The fire began in the steeple of the courthouse, which was under reconstruction for Madison's bicentenary. The roof of the dome had just been painted gold. Fire departments from across southern Indiana and northern Kentucky arrived to put out the fire which burned for several hours, destroyed much of the inside of the building and the county records. The fire forced the evacuation of the nearby county jail, and effectively shut down the downtown area of the city.^[5] It was later determined the fire was accidentally started by workers who were welding on the metal roof dome.

The tallest waterfall in Indiana, Fremont Falls, is located in Hanover.

Geography

According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 362.89 square miles (939.9 km²), of which 360.63 square miles (934.0 km²) (or 99.38%) is land and 2.26 square miles (5.9 km²) (or 0.62%) is water.^[6] Jefferson County makes up the Madison, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area.^[7]

Cities and towns

Brooksburg
Dupont
Hanover
Madison (county seat)

Census-designated places

Townships

Adjacent counties

Ripley County (north)
Switzerland County (east)
Carroll County, Kentucky (southeast)
Trimble County, Kentucky (south)
Clark County (southwest)
Scott County (west)
Jennings County (northwest)

Major highways

Sources: National Atlas,^[8] U.S. Census Bureau^[9]

National protected area

Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Climate and weather

In recent years, average temperatures in Madison have ranged from a low of 23 °F (−5 °C) in January to a high of 87 °F (31 °C) in July, although a record low of −18 °F (−28 °C) was recorded in December 1989 and a record high of 108 °F (42 °C) was recorded in July 1954. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.92 inches (74 mm) in September to 4.96 inches (126 mm) in May.^[10]

Government

The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

County Council: The county council is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all the spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected from county districts. The council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.^[11]^[12]

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners. The commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.^[11]^[12]

Court: The county maintains a small claims court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.^[12]

County Officials: The county has several other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk Each of these elected officers serves a term of four years and oversees a different part of county government. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.^[12]

Jefferson County is part of Indiana's 6th congressional district and is represented in Congress by Republican Luke Messer.^[13] It is also part of Indiana Senate district 45 and is split between Indiana House of Representatives districts 66, 67 and 69.^[14]

Politics

United States presidential election results for Jefferson County, Indiana^[15]
Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
Year	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	9,663	65.60%	4,731	32.12%	336	2.28%
2016	8,546	62.59%	4,326	31.69%	781	5.72%
2012	7,096	53.94%	5,728	43.54%	332	2.52%
2008	7,053	52.21%	6,255	46.30%	202	1.50%
2004	7,763	59.85%	5,117	39.45%	91	0.70%
2000	6,582	55.17%	5,117	42.89%	232	1.94%
1996	4,827	40.96%	5,441	46.17%	1,517	12.87%
1992	4,937	37.43%	5,510	41.77%	2,744	20.80%
1988	6,949	56.64%	5,221	42.56%	98	0.80%
1984	7,482	59.20%	4,952	39.18%	205	1.62%
1980	6,831	52.20%	5,496	42.00%	760	5.81%
1976	5,573	46.94%	6,139	51.71%	161	1.36%
1972	6,722	60.54%	4,267	38.43%	114	1.03%
1968	5,731	49.31%	4,635	39.88%	1,257	10.81%
1964	4,808	41.50%	6,694	57.78%	84	0.73%
1960	6,333	55.11%	5,119	44.54%	40	0.35%
1956	6,632	60.27%	4,344	39.48%	28	0.25%
1952	6,169	58.90%	4,251	40.59%	53	0.51%
1948	5,166	53.79%	4,302	44.79%	136	1.42%
1944	5,748	56.17%	4,376	42.76%	110	1.07%
1940	5,957	55.80%	4,688	43.91%	31	0.29%
1936	5,320	52.12%	4,805	47.08%	82	0.80%
1932	4,670	45.95%	5,305	52.19%	189	1.86%
1928	5,295	57.24%	3,906	42.22%	50	0.54%
1924	5,192	55.50%	3,914	41.84%	249	2.66%
1920	5,732	58.02%	4,000	40.49%	148	1.50%
1916	2,675	49.76%	2,518	46.84%	183	3.40%
1912	1,563	30.46%	2,325	45.31%	1,243	24.23%
1908	2,995	50.06%	2,708	45.26%	280	4.68%
1904	3,195	53.20%	2,542	42.32%	269	4.48%
1900	3,371	55.12%	2,636	43.10%	109	1.78%
1896	3,636	57.30%	2,645	41.69%	64	1.01%
1892	3,135	53.44%	2,549	43.45%	182	3.10%
1888	3,321	54.87%	2,700	44.61%	31	0.51%

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1820	8,038		—
1830	11,465		42.6%
1840	16,614		44.9%
1850	23,916		44.0%
1860	25,036		4.7%
1870	29,741		18.8%
1880	25,977		−12.7%
1890	24,507		−5.7%
1900	22,913		−6.5%
1910	20,483		−10.6%
1920	20,709		1.1%
1930	19,182		−7.4%
1940	19,912		3.8%
1950	21,613		8.5%
1960	24,061		11.3%
1970	27,006		12.2%
1980	30,419		12.6%
1990	29,797		−2.0%
2000	31,705		6.4%
2010	32,428		2.3%
2020	33,147		2.2%
2023 (est.)	33,056	^[16]	−0.3%
U.S. Decennial Census^[17] 1790-1960^[18] 1900-1990^[19] 1990-2000^[20] 2010-2013^[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 32,428 people, 12,635 households, and 8,456 families residing in the county.^[21] The population density was 89.9 inhabitants per square mile (34.7/km²). There were 14,311 housing units at an average density of 39.7 per square mile (15.3/km²).^[6] The racial makeup of the county was 95.2% white, 1.7% black or African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.9% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.3% of the population.^[21] In terms of ancestry, 23.5% were German, 15.4% were American, 12.9% were Irish, and 11.2% were English.^[22]

Of the 12,635 households, 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.1% were non-families, and 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age was 39.7 years.^[21]

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $52,343. Males had a median income of $42,629 versus $30,475 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,278. About 10.2% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.1% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.^[23]

Education

All Jefferson County residents five years and older are eligible to obtain a free library card from the Jefferson County Public Library in Madison. The public school system in Jefferson County is Madison Consolidated Schools.^[24]