Jonathan Trumbull

Jonathan Trumbull Sr.
Jonathan Trumbull Sr.
16th Governor of Connecticut
	In office; October 10, 1776 – May 13, 1784
Lieutenant	Matthew Griswold
Preceded by	Himself; (governor of Connecticut Colony)
Succeeded by	Matthew Griswold
16th Governor of Connecticut Colony
	In office; 1769–1776
Preceded by	William Pitkin
Succeeded by	Himself; (governor of State of Connecticut)
Personal details
Born	October 12, 1710; Lebanon, Connecticut Colony, British America
Died	August 17, 1785 (aged 74); Lebanon, Connecticut, United States
Political party	None
Spouse	Faith Robinson
Children	Joseph Trumbull; Jonathan Trumbull Jr.; Faith Trumbull; Mary Trumbull; David Trumbull; John Trumbull
Alma mater	Harvard College
Signature

Jonathan Trumbull Sr. (October 12, 1710 – August 17, 1785) was an American politician and statesman who served as Governor of Connecticut during the American Revolution. Trumbull and Nicholas Cooke of Rhode Island were the only men to serve as governor of both a British colony and an American state, and he was the only governor to take up the Patriot cause at the start of the Revolutionary War.^[1] Trumbull College at Yale University, the town of Trumbull, Connecticut, Trumbull County, Ohio (originally part of the Connecticut Western Reserve), and Jonathan the Husky are all named for him.^[2]

Trumball was the father of John Trumbull, the noted artist, and Jonathan Trumbull Jr., Governor of Connecticut and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

Early life

Trumbull was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, the son of Joseph Trumble (1678–1755) and his wife, Hannah Trumble (née Higley), the daughter of John Higley and Hannah Drake. The patriarch of the Trumble family was the immigrant John Trumble (1612–1687), from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, who was Joseph's grandfather. The original spelling of "Trumble" was later changed for an unknown reason.

Jonathan graduated from Harvard College with a B.A. in 1727; for three years after graduation, he studied theology under the Reverend Solomon Williams at Lebanon and was licensed to preach at Colchester, Connecticut; this became a Master of Arts degree.

Career

Trumbull became a merchant with his father in 1731, participating more fully in the business after the death of his brother at sea in 1732. From 1733 to 1740, he was a delegate to the general assembly, and, in 1739–1740, was Speaker of the House. He was appointed lieutenant colonel in Connecticut's militia in 1739, and was colonel of the 12th Connecticut Regiment during the French and Indian War.

He served as deputy governor of the Colony of Connecticut from 1766 to 1769, and, on the death of Governor William Pitkin, became Governor of Connecticut in 1769, serving in that capacity until 1784, through Connecticut's transition from a colony to a U.S. state.

Revolutionary War

On May 13, 1774, British General Thomas Gage arrived in Boston, a city with a history of violent protests against British policies. Given the problems he was inheriting from Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson, within a week of arriving Gage contacted Trumbull and expressed a "readiness to cooperate" with him "for the good of his Majesty's service."^[3] When Gage sent Trumbull a request for assistance after the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, Trumbull refused and made clear his choice to side with the Patriots. He replied that Gage's troops would "disgrace even barbarians", and he accused Gage of "a most unprovoked attack upon the lives and the property of his Majesty's subjects."^[4]

On July 6, 1775, along with other officers, Trumbull commissioned Nathan Hale as a first lieutenant in the newly raised Seventh Regiment of the Continental Army.^[5] Hale was later executed by the British for espionage.

Trumbull was a friend and advisor of General George Washington throughout the Revolutionary period, dedicating the resources of Connecticut to the fight for independence. Washington declared him "the first of the patriots."^[6] When Washington was desperate for men or food during the war, he could turn to "Brother Jonathan".^[7] Trumbull also served as the Continental Army's Paymaster General (Northern Department) in the spring of 1778, until the untimely death of his mother forced him to resign his post. As part of his resignation, he requested that the remainder of his back pay be distributed to the soldiers of the Northern Department.^[8]

Post-war

Trumbull was one of only two colonial governors to continue in office after independence (the other was Rhode Island's Nicholas Cooke, who assumed office early in the war). Governor Trumbull was elected as an honorary member of the Connecticut Society of the Cincinnati in 1784. In 1782, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[9] He received an honorary LL.D. from Yale University in 1775 and from the University of Edinburgh in 1787.

Personal life

In 1736, one year prior to his marriage, Jonathan Trumbull Sr. purchased Flora, a 'mulato girl and slave for life', from Eliphalet Adams of New London.^[10]

On December 9, 1735, he married Faith Robinson (1718–1780), daughter of Reverend John Robinson. They were the parents of six children, including:

Joseph Trumbull (1737–1778), first commissary general of the Continental Army and an early member of the Board of War.
Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (1740–1809), aide-de-camp to General George Washington from 1781 to the end of the war, Speaker of the House from 1791 to 1793, and Governor of Connecticut from 1798 to 1809.
Faith Trumbull (1743–1775), who married General Jedidiah Huntington.
Mary Trumbull (1745–1831), who married William Williams, signer of the Declaration of Independence.
David Trumbull (1751–1822), commissary of the Colony of Connecticut and father of Joseph Trumbull, the 35th Governor of Connecticut.
John Trumbull (1756–1843), "Painter of the American Revolution" and aide-de-camp to General Washington for 19 days in 1775.

Trumbull died in Lebanon, Connecticut, and is buried at the Old Cemetery there. His home in Lebanon, the Jonathan Trumbull House, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.

In historical fiction

In A Little Maid of Old Connecticut by Alice Turner Curtis, the main character, a little girl named Ellie Barlow, aided by a friend, delivers a secret message to Trumbull during his years as governor, after which he seeks her out, and helps her friend's father get a much-needed job. The story begins in the year 1777.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ Lewis, Charles H. (2009). Cut Off: Colonel Jedediah Huntington's 17th Continental (Conn.) Regiment at the Battle of Long Island August 27, 1776. Westminster, MD: Heritage Books. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7884-4924-6.,
^ "The UConn Story – History of the University of Connecticut". Uconn.edu. Archived from the original on December 19, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
^ Phelps, Page 48.
^ Eddlem, Thomas R. 25-AUG-03 The New American http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24329109_ITM
^ Rose, Page 8.
^ Phelps, Page 59.
^ Lefkowitz, Page 232.
^ "Misc Letters to Congress 1775–1789".
^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter T" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
^ "Trumbull College".

Bibliography

Baker, Mark Allen (2014). Spies of Revolutionary Connecticut, From Benedict Arnold to Nathan Hale. The History Press.
Baker, Mark Allen (2014). Connecticut Families of the Revolution, American Forebears from Burr to Wolcott. The History Press.
Phelps, M. William (2008). Nathan Hale: The Life and Death of America's First Spy, St. Martin's Press.
Lefkowitz, Arthur S.(2003). George Washington's Indispensable Men: The 32 Aides-de-Camp Who Helped Win the Revolution, Stackpole Books.
Rose, Alexander (2006). Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring, Bantam Books.

External links

Biography, genealogy, chronology and bibliography
Governor Jonathan Trumbull House and Wadsworth Stable
Connecticut State Library
The USGenWeb Project, Fairfield County
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Trumbull, Jonathan" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Political offices
Preceded by William Pitkin	Governor of the Connecticut Colony 1769–1776	Succeeded by himself as Governor of Connecticut
Preceded by himself as Governor of the Connecticut Colony	Governor of Connecticut 1776–1784	Succeeded by Matthew Griswold