Keihan Electric Railway

Keihan Electric Railway
Overview
Headquarters	Osaka, Japan; (Registered in Hirakata, Osaka Prefecture, Japan)
Locale	Kansai region, Japan
Dates of operation	1910–
Technical
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Length	91.1 km (56.6 mi)
Other
Website	Keihan Electric Railway

The Keihan Electric Railway Company, Ltd. (京阪電気鉄道株式会社, Keihan Denki Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), known colloquially as the "Keihan Dentetsu" (京阪電鉄), "Keihan Densha" (京阪電車), or simply "Keihan" (京阪), is a major Japanese private railway operator in Osaka, Kyoto, and Shiga Prefectures. The transit network includes seven lines; four main lines with heavy rolling stock, two interurban lines, and a funicular railway.

It is a subsidiary of Keihan Holdings, Ltd. (TYO: 9045).

History

Keihan started its operation between Osaka and Kyoto in 1910. It was the first electric railway to connect these two cities, and the first line on the left bank of Yodo River. Keihan later purchased the lines in the Ōtsu area (Ōtsu Lines).

In the 1920s, Keihan built another Osaka-Kyoto line through its subsidiary Shinkeihan Railway (新京阪鉄道, Shin-keihan-tetsudō), which merged into Keihan in 1930. This line is now known as the Hankyu Kyoto Line.

In 1943, with the power given by the Land Transport Business Coordination Act (陸上交通事業調整法, rikujō-kōtsū-jigyō-chōsei-hō) (Act No. 71 of 1938), the wartime government of Japan forced Keihan to merge with Hanshin Kyūkō Railway to form Keihanshin Kyūkō Railway (京阪神急行電鉄, Keihanshin Kyūkō Dentetsu). In 1949, the pre-war Keihan operations, except for Shinkeihan lines, restored independence under the original corporate name. Keihanshin Kyūkō Railway later changed the name to present Hankyu Railway.

Lines

The lines operated by Keihan are grouped into Keihan Lines and Ōtsu Lines. The former operates between Kyoto and Osaka with long formation of larger rolling stock. The latter runs Kyoto and Ōtsu with more tram-like cars. The entire network has 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge double track.

Current lines

Keihan Lines

Keihan Main Line/Ōtō Line: Yodoyabashi - Demachiyanagi
Nakanoshima Line: Nakanoshima - Temmabashi
Katano Line: Hirakatashi - Kisaichi
Uji Line: Chushojima - Uji

Ōtsu Lines

Keishin Line: Misasagi - Biwako-hamaotsu
Ishiyama Sakamoto Line: Ishiyamadera - Sakamoto-hieizanguchi

Other lines

Cable Line (鋼索線), also called Iwashimizu-Hachimangū Cable (石清水八幡宮参道ケーブル)

Closed lines

Keishin Line: Keishin-Sanjo (Sanjo) - Misasagi

Unbuilt line

Umeda Line

Rolling stock

As of 1 April 2016^[update], Keihan owns a fleet of 693 vehicles (including two funicular cars), as follows.^[1]

Keihan Lines

1000 series 7-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 1977)
2200 series 7-car EMUs x 7 (introduced 1964)
2400 series 7-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 1969)
2600 series 7-car EMUs x 7 (introduced 1978)
3000 series 8-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 2008)
5000 series 7-car EMUs x 7 (introduced 1970)
6000 series 7/8-car EMUs x 14 (introduced 1983)
7000 series 7-car EMUs x 4 (introduced 1989)
7200 series 7/8-car EMUs x 3 (introduced 1995)
8000 series 8-car EMUs x 10 (introduced 1989)
9000 series 7/8-car EMUs x 5 (introduced 1997)
10000 series 4/7-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 2002)
13000 series 4/7-car EMUs x 8 (introduced 2012)

Keihan 2600 series
Keihan 3000 series
Keihan 8000 series
Keihan 8000 series Premium car
Keihan 10000 series
Keihan 13000 series

Ōtsu Lines

600 series 2-car EMUs x 10
700 series 2-car EMUs x 5
800 series 4-car EMUs x 8 (introduced 1997)

Keihan 800 series

Former rolling stock

1900 series 5-car EMUs (introduced 1963)
8030 series 8-car EMU (introduced 1971)

Fares

Train fare varies based on travel distance. As of January 1, 2009, IC cards (PiTaPa and ICOCA) are accepted on the Keihan Lines and the Otsu Lines, but not on the Cable Line. The fare rate was changed on April 1, 2014 to reflect the change in the rate of consumption tax from 5% to 8%.^[2]

Keihan Lines (Keihan Main Line, Oto Line, Nakanoshima Line, Katano Line, Uji Line)

Current and Historical Fare of Keihan Lines
Distance (km)	Fare (JPY)
Distance (km)	effective April 1, 2014^[2]	effective October 19, 2008
1-3	150	150
4-7	210	200
8-12	270	260
13-17	310	300
18-22	330	320
23-28	350	340
29-34	370	360
35-40	390	380
41-46	400	390
47-52	410	400
53-54	420	410

Additional fare when taking or passing the following lines

Oto Line: 60 yen

Nakanoshima Line (Nakanoshima - Oebashi): 60 yen

When using commutation tickets, Naniwabashi Station is treated as the same station as Kitahama Station, and Oebashi Station as that as Yodoyabashi Station.

Otsu Lines (Keishin Line, Ishiyama Sakamoto Line)

Current and Historical Fare of Otsu Lines
Distance (km)	Fare (JPY)
Distance (km)	effective April 1, 2014^[2]	effective October 19, 2008
1-5	170	160
6-10	240	230
11-15	320	310

Cable line

200 yen

Etymology

The name Keihan, which is also used for the Kyoto-Osaka region, is derived from the words Kyoto and Osaka in Japanese, and is a clipped compound of the names, with the reading of the characters changed: Kyōto (京都) and Ōsaka (大阪) are combined to Keihan (京阪), replacing the go-on reading kyō (京) and kun'yomi saka (阪) with the kan-on readings kei (京) and han (阪). This is commonly done in names for regions or train lines, with (as here) the kan-on readings (most common readings in kanji compounds) being used for the compounds, while the place names use other readings. The larger region, including Kobe (神戸, Kōbe), is similarly called Keihanshin (京阪神, Keihanshin), the go-on reading shin (神) replacing the kun'yomi kō (神), and the corresponding Kyoto-Kobe line is the Keishin (京神, Keishin) line.

Other businesses

Keihan also operates (through the subsidiaries) other businesses such as bus, taxi, water bus, hotel, department store and amusement park, mainly in the area along its railway system.