Latin upsilon

This article is about the Latin letter. For the Greek letter, see υ. For the Latin letter resembling a lowercase Greek upsilon, see ʋ. For the sound with this symbol in the IPA, see Near-close near-back rounded vowel. Not to be confused with the inverted ohm (mho) symbol ℧, the Japanese hiragana ひ, the Canadian Aboriginal syllabic ᘮ, or Latin epsilon.
Latin upsilon
Ʊ ʊ
Upper and lower case Latin upsilon
Usage
Writing systemLatin script
TypeAlphabetic and Logographic
Sound values
In UnicodeU+01B1, U+028A
History
Development
G43
T3
  • Waw
      • Waw
        • Waw
          • Υ υ
            • Ʊ ʊ
Other
Writing directionLeft-to-Right
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Shapes of horseshoe as designed for the African reference alphabet, clearly based on a serifed shape of the Latin capital U.

The letter Ʊ (minuscule: ʊ), called Latin upsilon or sometimes inverted omega, horseshoe u, or bucket, is a letter of the International Phonetic Alphabet used to transcribe a near-close near-back rounded vowel. Graphically, the lower case is a turned small-capital Greek letter omega (Ω) in many typefaces (e.g. Arial, Calibri, Candara, Liberation, Lucida, Noto, Times New Roman), and historically it derives from a small-capital Latin U (ᴜ), with the serifs exaggerated to make them more visible.[1] However, Geoffrey Pullum interpreted it as an IPA variant of the Greek letter upsilon (υ) and called it Latin upsilon, the name that would be adopted by Unicode, though in IPA a letter closer to an actual Greek upsilon is also used for the voiced labiodental approximant; Pullum called this letter script V[2] and Unicode calls it V with hook.

Horseshoe is used in the African reference alphabet, and national alphabets such as those of Anii[3] and Tem. It most often has the value of /u/ with retracted tongue root.

Computer encoding

The majuscule and the minuscule are located at U+01B1 Ʊ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON[4] and U+028A ʊ LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON[5] in Unicode.

Derived characters are U+1DB7 ᶷ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL UPSILON and U+1D7F ᵿ LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH STROKE.[6]

See also

  • Mho (℧)
  • Ou (ligature), the Greek ligature of omicron (ο) and upsilon (υ), sometimes written as (℧)

References

  1. ^ Small-cap ⟨ᴜ⟩ was rounded to modern ⟨ʊ⟩ in 1904, but continued with its original shape in Americanist usage.Association phonétique internationale (1904). "Aim and Principles of the International Phonetic Association". Le Maître Phonétique. 19 (11). Supplement. JSTOR 44703664.
  2. ^ Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A. (1996). Phonetic Symbol Guide (Second ed.). University of Chicago Press. p. 185. ISBN 0-226-68536-5.
  3. ^ Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises (in French). Ministère de l’Alphabétisation et de la Promotion des langues nationales, Centre national de linguistique appliquée, Benin. 2008. OL 25931062M.
  4. ^ "IPA Extensions" (PDF).
  5. ^ "Latin Extended-B" (PDF).
  6. ^ Constable, Peter (19 April 2004). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF).

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