Mound
|
Location
|
Date
|
Culture
|
Notes
|
Cahokia Mound 72
|
Mound 72, Cahokia Collinsville, Illinois
|
650 to 1400 CE
|
Middle Mississippian culture
|
A ridge-top burial mound south of Monk's Mound; during excavations archaeologists found the remains of a man in his 40s who was probably an important Cahokian ruler. Archaeologists recovered more than 250 other skeletons from Mound 72. Scholars believe almost 62 percent of these were sacrificial victims, based on signs of ritual execution, method of burial, and other factors.[10]
|
Castalian Springs Mound 2
|
Castalian Springs Mound Site in Sumner County, Tennessee
|
1100 to 1450 CE
|
Middle Mississippian culture
|
Located on the eastern edge of a plaza, a 120 feet (37 m) in diameter 8 feet (2.4 m) tall mound was found to contain over a hundred burials when excavated by William E. Myer in the early 1890s.[11]
|
Craig Mound
|
Spiro Mounds, Le Flore County, Oklahoma
|
800–1200 CE
|
Caddoan Mississippian culture
|
Also called the "Great Mortuary", it is the second-largest mound on the site and the only burial mound. A hollow chamber that began as a burial structure for Spiro's rulers became a cavity within the mound, about 10 feet (3.0 m) high and 15 feet (4.6 m) wide, and allowed for almost perfect preservation of fragile artifacts made of wood, conch shell, and copper. The conditions in this hollow space were so favorable that objects made of perishable materials such as basketry, woven fabric, lace, fur, and feathers were preserved inside it. Craig Mound has been called "an American King Tut's Tomb".
|
George C. Davis Mound C
|
Caddoan Mounds State Historic Site, Cherokee County, Texas
|
800–1200 CE
|
Caddoan Mississippian culture
|
Mound C, the northernmost mound of the three at the site, it was used as a ceremonial burial mound, not for elite residences or temples like the other two.[12] The site was the southwesternmost ceremonial mound center of all the mound building cultures of North America.[12]
|
Etowah Mound C
|
Etowah Indian Mounds, Cartersville, Georgia
|
1000-1550 CE
|
South Appalachian Mississippian
|
Cyrus Thomas and John P. Rogan tested the site for the Smithsonian Institution in 1883, where they discovered the "Rogan plates". But, the first well-documented archaeological inquiry at the site did not begin until the winter of 1925, conducted by Warren K. Moorehead. His excavations into Mound C at the site revealed a rich array of burial goods. These artifacts, along with the collections from Cahokia, Moundville, Lake Jackson, and Spiro Mounds, would comprise the majority of the materials which archeologists used to define the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex.
|
Fatherland Site Mound C
|
Grand Village of the Natchez, Natchez, Mississippi
|
1400-1732 CE
|
Plaquemine Mississippian culture
|
Mound C was used as the Sun Temple and charnel house for the Natchez elite.
|
Gahagan Mound B
|
Gahagan Mounds Site, Red River Parish, Louisiana
|
1100–1450 CE
|
Caddoan Mississippian culture
|
The burial mound at the site was excavated twice, in 1912 by Clarence Bloomfield Moore and then in 1939 by Clarence H. Webb. Between the two excavations, three burial shafts with a total of fourteen burials and more than five hundred grave goods were discovered. The first shaft, found by Moore, was 11 feet in depth and 13 by 8 feet in width and height. The other two, found in the 1939 excavations, were 19 feet (5.8 m) by 15 feet (4.6 m) and 12 feet (3.7 m) by 11 feet (3.4 m) feet in dimensions.[13] Grave goods found included flaked flint knives known as Gahagan blades, a matched pair of long-nosed god maskette earrings of copper,[14] Missouri flint clay statues,[15] greenstone celts and spuds, and caches of beads and arrow heads. Many of the grave goods were exotic imports from distant places from across the continent.[16]
|
High Cliff State Park Effigy Mounds
|
Calumet County, Wisconsin
|
1000 to 1500 CE
|
Dakota cultures
|
Effigy mounds built by nomadic woodland tribes somewhere between 1000 CE and 1500 CE. These dates have been determined by carbon dating charcoal remnants from the fires of the effigy mound builders. The woodland tribes that built these mounds are thought to be Siouan origin which was later replaced by Dakota, Winnebago, Menominee, Salk, Fox and other tribes. Out of the original 30 effigy mounds in High Cliff, only nine remain.[17]
|
Mangum Mound
|
Mangum Mound Site, Claiborne County, Mississippi
|
1350 to 1500 CE
|
Plaquemine Mississippian culture
|
Located at milepost 45.7 on the Natchez Trace Parkway.[18] Various pottery fragments belonging to the Plaquemine culture, chunkey stones and several Mississippian copper plates, one with an avian design similar to other plates found at Etowah in Georgia and Lake Jackson mounds in Florida. These portray the Birdman motif important to the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (S.E.C.C.).[19]
|
Nacoochee Mound
|
Nacoochee Mound, White County, Georgia
|
1350–1600 CE
|
South Appalachian Mississippian culture
|
Nacoochee Mound, on the banks of the Chattahoochee River in White County, in the northeast part of the U.S. state of Georgia. Today Georgia Georgia State Route 17 and Georgia State Route 75 intersect near here. First occupied as early as 100–500 CE, the site was later developed and occupied more intensively from 1350 to 1600 CE by peoples of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture (a regional variation of the Mississippian culture).[20] One of their characteristic platform mounds is located at the site. A professional archeological excavation revealed a total of 75 human burials, with artifacts that support dating of the site.
|
Nodena site Mound C
|
Nodena site, Mississippi County, Arkansas
|
1400–1650 CE
|
Middle Mississippian culture
|
A circular mound, designated as "Mound C", was located at the other end of the chunkey field. It was roughly 93 feet (28 m) in diameter and 3 feet (0.91 m) high. Numerous graves of males, 314 of 316 total, were found buried under it.
|
Pocahontas Mounds
|
Pocahontas Mounds, Pocahontas
|
|
Coles Creek and Plaquemine Mississippian cultures
|
|
Pope County Mound 2
|
Kincaid site, Pope County, Illinois
|
1050–1400 CE
|
Middle Mississippian culture
|
Adjacent to the Ohio River, the site straddles the modern-day counties of Massac and Pope in deep southern Illinois, an area colloquially known as Little Egypt. On the eastern edge of the site is a low circular mound which was used as a burial mound. All other mounds at the site were substructure platform mounds. The mound contained a number of stone box graves and log-lined tombs similar to those frequently found to the south in the Middle Cumberland Valley of Tennessee.[21]
|
Shiloh Mound C
|
Shiloh Indian Mounds, Hardin County, Tennessee
|
1000–1450 CE
|
Middle Mississippian culture
|
Adjacent to the Tennessee River, the site has 6 or 7 substructure platform mounds and one burial mound, Mound C. This mound was excavated in 1899 by Cornelius Cadle, chairman of the Shiloh Park Commission. Among the discoveries was a large stone effigy pipe in the shape of a kneeling man. It has since become the site's most famous artifact and is on display in the Tennessee River Museum in Savannah. The pipe is from a distinctive red stone in the same style as several statuettes from the major Cahokia site in Collinsville, Illinois.[22]
|