Luis Alva Castro

Luis Alva Castro
OSP
Luis Alva Castro OSP
President of Congress
	In office; July 26, 2009 – July 26, 2010
Preceded by	Alejandro Aguinaga (Acting)
Succeeded by	César Zumaeta
Minister of the Interior
	In office; February 26, 2007 – October 14, 2008
President	Alan García
Prime Minister	Jorge Del Castillo
Preceded by	Pilar Mazzetti
Succeeded by	Remigio Hernani Meloni
Member of Congress
	In office; July 26, 2001 – July 26, 2011
Constituency	La Libertad
	In office; July 26, 2000 – July 26, 2001
Constituency	National
President of the Chamber of Deputies
	In office; July 26, 1987 – July 26, 1988
Preceded by	Fernando León de Vivero
Succeeded by	Héctor Vargas Haya
Prime Minister of Peru
	In office; July 28, 1985 – June 26, 1987
President	Alan García
Preceded by	Luis Pércovich Roca
Succeeded by	Guillermo Larco Cox
Minister of Economy and Finance
	In office; July 28, 1985 – June 26, 1987
President	Alan García
Prime Minister	Luis Alva Castro
Preceded by	Guillermo Garrido-Lecca Álvarez
Succeeded by	Gustavo Saberbein Chevalier
Second Vice President of Peru
	In office; July 28, 1985 – July 28, 1990
President	Alan García
Preceded by	Javier Alva Orlandini
Succeeded by	Carlos García y García
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
	In office; July 26, 1980 – July 26, 1990
Constituency	La Libertad
Secretary General of the Peruvian Aprista Party
	In office; 1989–1992
Preceded by	Luis Negreiros
Succeeded by	Alan García
Personal details
Born	Luis Juan Alva Castro; 17 February 1942 (age 82); Trujillo, La Libertad, Peru
Political party	Partido Aprista Peruano
Education	National University of Trujillo
Website	congreso.gob.pe

Luis Juan Alva Castro OSP (born 17 February 1942) is a Peruvian economist and politician. In his political career, he achieved the government positions of Second Vice President of Peru, Prime Minister of Peru, President of the Congress and among other portfolios during both administrations of President Alan García.

A prominent member of the Peruvian Aprista Party, he was the party's presidential nominee in 1990, getting 22.5% of the vote and placing third overall and failed to qualify for the runoff that was eventually won by Alberto Fujimori. He has authored numerous works about Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre's lifetime, being considered one of the few historians of "Aprismo" in Peru. He currently presides the editorial "Instituto Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre", which publishes his works.

Biography

Luis Alva Castro was born in the city of Trujillo, in a family with a long Aprista tradition. His parents were Luis Alva and Rosalía Castro.

Transferred to Lima, he completed his primary studies at the Claretian School and his secondary studies at the Leoncio Prado Military School. He returned to his hometown and in 1960 he entered the Faculty of Economics at the National University of Trujillo, where he graduated from high school and obtained the title of economist, thanks to his thesis on "Economic Integration of Latin America" (1964).

In 1996, he studied a postgraduate degree in Political Science at the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University.

Political career

Early political career

Alva started at a very young age in the Peruvian Aprista Party, being part of the youth wing since he was 15 years old. His first partisan office was Secretary of the Northern Regional Command in 1965. He graduated in 1964 with a Bachelor in Economics from the National University of Trujillo, based on the merit of his thesis titled "Economic Integration of Latin America".

At 24, he was a member of the board of directors of the Development Corporation of La Libertad (CORLIB), whose experience in planning and management applied him as an executive of private and public companies. The military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado unjustly accused him of mishandling and was imprisoned in a Trujillo prison, from 1970 to 1972.

During the development of the Constituent Assembly of 1978–1979, he served as Private Secretary of Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, becoming one of his most conspicuous disciples.

Congress

In the 1980 general election, he was the Campaign Head of Peruvian Aprista Party presidential nominee Armando Villanueva. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, representing La Libertad for the 1980–1985 term, serving as the Party Spokesperson.

In government

In 1985, he was selected as part of Alan García presidential ticket for the 1985 general election in which he was the second running mate of García. Jointly reelected to Congress, he was appointed Prime Minister and Finance Minister,^[1] serving between 1985 and 1987.^[2] Peru developed a steady economy during his tenure, promoting heterodoxy as a good start. The economic plan proposed by Alan García clashed with Alva, leaving his post as the economy would prove to be artificial, evolving into a catastrophic policy of Macroeconomic populism.

One month later after his resignation as both Prime Minister and Finance Minister, Alva was elected as President of the Chamber of Deputies, serving for one year.^[3] His increasing party support would prove him as a potential rival in the party leadership to president Alan García. In 1989, he was elected as Secretary General of the Peruvian Aprista Party.

1990 presidential campaign

With the country in crisis and the constant attacks from the Shining Path and MRTA, the population participated in the 1990 general election. Since 1987, acclaimed writer Mario Vargas Llosa had prepared a full-scale presidential campaign with the Democratic Front coalition, composed of Liberty Movement, the Christian People's Party and Popular Action, the last two being traditional parties. The Peruvian Aprista Party nominated Alva^[4] to run for the Presidency against Vargas Llosa, although it was clear that the latter would win in the first round. Unexpectedly, third party nominee and virtually unknown Alberto Fujimori of Cambio 90 rose in the polls with a clear anti-partisan speech, beating Alva to the second round as the APRA achieved 22.5% of the popular vote and placed third. The election outcome would give victory to Alberto Fujimori, with most analysts discussing a possible agreement with president Alan García, as Alva's votes would pass on to Fujimori.

Return to Congress

The Peruvian Aprista Party, led by Alva from outside Congress as Secretary General, achieved 53 deputies and 16 senators, representing a third of each chamber. The congressional term would end with the 1992 self-coup, which dissolved the entire legislative branch.

In the following years, under the Fujimori's government, Alva would not have greater political participation, except in his party when he was elected again as Secretary General in 1996, a position he held until 1999.

In the 2000 general election, he was elected to Congress with a majority of 35,336 votes. The 2000–2005 term would be shortened with the convoking of new general elections for 2001, due to the corruption allegations against Alberto Fujimori and his resignation. In those elections, Alva was reelected to Congress with a majority of 95,050 votes. Based on his experience and high vote count, he was appointed Party Spokesperson, a position he exerted while serving in the abolished Chamber of Deputies. He also served as President of the Andean Community of Nations in 2001.

In August 2005, he was appointed as President of the Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre Private Institute. During this time, he published a renowned work titled "The Asylum Man" (El Señor Asilo), based Haya de la Torre's experience as political refugee in the Colombian Embassy in Peru, during the proceedings of the Asylum case determined by the International Court of Justice.

For the 2006 general election, Alva was appointed Peruvian Aprista Party Campaign Head for the North, proving the victory for Alan García with the Aprista stronghold in the North of Peru. Conjointly, he was reelected for a third term in Congress, with a majority of 57,409 votes. During the 2006–2011 parliamentary term, he was elected President of the Congress for a year in 2009, for the 2009-2010, being his first time in charge of the same legislative body since 1987 when he was the President of the Chamber of Deputies.^[5]

Second García administration

Alva was Minister of the Interior from 2007 to 2008, succeeding Pilar Mazzetti. His tenure lasted a little more than a year and a half. After the resignation of Jorge del Castillo as Prime Minister due to the 2008 Peru oil scandal, Alva Castro was not confirmed in his position by new Prime Minister Yehude Simon, being succeeded by former Police General Remigio Hernani Meloni.

Post-Congressional career

Alva failed to achieve a fourth reelection to Congress in the 2011 general election. During the campaign, he was involved in a deadly car accident in the Agallpampa District, Otuzco Province. He was the only survivor, as the other Peruvian Aprista Party provincial leaders accompanying him perished in the accident.^[6]

Controversies

On 11 April 2019, at the request of chief prosecutor José Domingo Pérez, judge Richard Concepción Carhuancho gave Alva impediment to leave the country for 18 months, for alleged money laundering, in the framework of the investigation by Odebrecht scandal in Peru. According to the prosecutor's thesis, Alva, in his position of Campaign Head, personally managed to have the Brazilian conglomerate Odebrecht financially support the 2006 Peruvian Aprista Party election campaign, having received USD $200,000 in bribes.^[7]

References

^ "Presidentes y vicepresidentes desde 1980 en Perú, crisis y realidades". 26 July 2018.
^ "Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas - Histórico - Relación de Ministros". www.mef.gob.pe.
^ "Luis Juan Alva Castro".
^ Comas, José (6 April 1990). "El candidato del APRA asegura que "los peruanos pobres no votarán por los ricos"". El País.
^ "Presidentes del Congreso de 2001 al 2050".
^ "Luis Alva Castro sufrió un accidente de carretera en la Libertad". 4 April 2011.
^ "Caso Odebrecht: Luis Alva Castro no podrá salir del país por 18 meses | POLITICA". 11 April 2019.

External links

Media related to Luis Alva Castro at Wikimedia Commons
Official Site

Political offices
Preceded by Luis Pércovich Roca	Prime Minister of Peru July 1985 – June 1987	Succeeded by Guillermo Larco Cox
Party political offices
Preceded by Luis Negreiros	Secretary General of the Peruvian Aprista Party 1989–1992	Succeeded by Alan García
Preceded by Alan García	Partido Aprista presidential nominee 1990 – (Lost)	Succeeded by Mercedes Cabanillas

[elregionalpiura-1] "Presidentes y vicepresidentes desde 1980 en Perú, crisis y realidades". 26 July 2018.

[2] "Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas - Histórico - Relación de Ministros". www.mef.gob.pe.

[3] "Luis Juan Alva Castro".

[4] Comas, José (6 April 1990). "El candidato del APRA asegura que "los peruanos pobres no votarán por los ricos"". El País.

[5] "Presidentes del Congreso de 2001 al 2050".

[6] "Luis Alva Castro sufrió un accidente de carretera en la Libertad". 4 April 2011.

[7] "Caso Odebrecht: Luis Alva Castro no podrá salir del país por 18 meses | POLITICA". 11 April 2019.

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Luis Alva Castro

Biography

Political career

Early political career

Congress

In government

1990 presidential campaign

Return to Congress

Second García administration

Post-Congressional career

Controversies

References

External links

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