Mariposa Grove

	Mariposa Grove Museum
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	The Mariposa Grove Museum
Nearest city	Wawona, California
Coordinates	37°30′50″N 119°35′54″W / 37.51389°N 119.59833°W
Area	1 acre (0.40 ha)
Built	1930
Architect	National Park Service
Architectural style	Rustic
NRHP reference No.	78000381
Added to NRHP	December 1, 1978

Mariposa Grove
Mariposa Grove
	Grizzly Giant tree of Mariposa Grove
Map
	Mariposa Grove is located at the southern entrance to Yosemite National Park
Geography
Location	Yosemite National Park, California, United States
Coordinates	37°30′50″N 119°35′54″W / 37.51389°N 119.59833°W
Elevation	5,740–6,730 ft (1,750–2,050 m)
Ecology
Dominant tree species	Sequoiadendron giganteum

Mariposa Grove is a sequoia grove located near Wawona, California, United States, in the southernmost part of Yosemite National Park. It is the largest grove of giant sequoias in the park, with several hundred mature specimens. Two of its trees are among the 30 largest giant sequoias in the world.

The Mariposa Grove was first visited by non-native people in 1857 when Galen Clark and Milton Mann found it. They named the grove after Mariposa County, California, where the grove is located.^[1] Abraham Lincoln signed an Act of Congress on June 30, 1864, ceding Mariposa Grove and Yosemite Valley to the state of California. Criticism of stewardship over the land led to the state's returning the grove to federal control with the establishment of Yosemite National Park.

The grove closed on July 6, 2015, for a restoration project and reopened on June 15, 2018.^[2] The Mariposa Grove Museum is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Threats from wildfires and climate change

The grove was threatened by the Washburn Fire in July 2022.^[4]^[5] However, several decades of intentional controlled burns and other forms of fuels reduction enabled fire fighters to save the giant trees, even while the fire itself was impossible to prevent spreading into Yosemite National Park.^[3]

Fire is not the only threat to the survival of the giant sequoias. Climate change has already caused the deaths of other conifer trees within and surrounding the grove.^[6]^[7] An ominous sign of sequoia distress was the grove's massive and unprecedented release of seeds in 2022 from the multi-year crop of cones that otherwise would have opened only if the fire penetrated the grove. Seed release was deemed futile because seeds can establish only on ground only where the soil itself is fully exposed.^[8] Signs of climate distress in the Mariposa Grove are exceeded by climate-induced deaths of giant sequoias in groves managed by the National Park Service southward in the Sierra Nevada.^[9]

Noteworthy trees

The giant sequoia named Grizzly Giant is between probably 1900–2400 years old: the oldest tree in the grove.^[10] It has a volume of 34,010 cubic feet (963 m³), and is counted as the 25th largest tree in the world. It is 210 feet (64 m) tall, and has a heavily buttressed base with a basal circumference of 28 m (92 ft) or a diameter of 30 feet (9.1 m); above the buttresses at 2.4 m above ground, the circumference is only 23 m. Grizzly Giant's first branch from the base is 2 m (6 ft) in diameter. Another tree, the Wawona Tree, had a tunnel cut through it in the nineteenth century that was wide enough for horse-drawn carriages and early automobiles to drive through. Weakened by the large opening at its base, the tree fell down in a storm in 1969.

Some of the trees in the grove are:

The Fallen Monarch: A giant sequoia that fell more than three hundred years ago. Giant sequoias are resistant to decay, so their remains can linger for a long period of time if undisturbed.
The Bachelor and Three Graces: A group of four giant sequoias, three of them growing very close together, with a fourth a little more distant. Their roots are so intertwined that if one of them were to fall, it would likely bring the others along with it.
The Grizzly Giant: The oldest tree and second largest tree in the grove, with a volume of 34,010 cubic feet (963 m³).
The Washington tree: The largest tree in the grove, with a volume of 35,950 cubic feet (1,018 m³).
The General Sheridan tree: A large, 286 feet (87 m) tall giant sequoia located south of the Mariposa Grove Cabin.
The General Grant tree: A large giant sequoia located west of the Mariposa Grove Cabin. Not to be confused with the General Grant Tree of Sequoia National Park.
The Columbia tree: The tallest tree in the grove and in Yosemite National Park at 286 feet (87 m).
The California Tunnel Tree: Cut in 1895 to allow coaches to pass through it (and as a marketing scheme to attract visitors to the grove), this is the only living giant sequoia tree with a tunnel in it since the fall of the Wawona Tunnel Tree in 1969 and the fall of the Pioneer Cabin Tree in 2017.
The Faithful Couple: A rare case in which two trees grew so close together that their trunks have fused together at the base.
The Clothespin tree: Countless fires throughout the decades nearly severed this tree's trunk, creating a space in it large enough for a pick-up truck to drive through.
The Telescope tree: A giant sequoia tree that has become completely hollow from repeated fires through the decades. Despite that, the tree is still living, as giant sequoias do not require a whole trunk to survive. It is possible to walk inside the tree and, from there, see the sky. This condition leaves the tree weakened and makes it more difficult for it to withstand strong winds. This tree (and the Clothespin Tree) could topple at any time.
The Galen Clark tree: Of historical importance, as it is said to be the first tree seen by Galen Clark when he entered the grove, and inspired his love for the giant sequoias and struggle for setting aside the land for preservation, a new concept in the mid-19th century.
The Wawona Tunnel Tree: Renamed the "Fallen Tunnel Tree" after it toppled over during a snow storm in 1969. In 1881, this was the first tree to have a tunnel carved through its trunk. Its collapse is seen as a turning point in the preservation program in national parks in the United States. So grave was the shock of the tree's collapse that the result was a greater awareness of the sensitivity of ecosystems, even for a living thing as massive as the giant sequoias.
The Fallen Giant: It was one of the largest trees in the grove, until it fell in 1873.
The Massachusetts tree: It was one of the most famous trees in the grove. It fell in 1927.

Gallery

Fallen Monarch, a fallen giant sequoia that is on the walking path leading to Grizzly Giant. (There used to be a parking lot near the Fallen Monarch, but Mariposa Grove has been reconfigured and there is no longer parking in that area.)
Grizzly Giant
Group of sequoias known as The Bachelor and Three Graces.
California Tunnel Tree, the last living giant sequoia tunnel tree.
The Clothespin Tree
The Mariposa Tree
The Faithful Couple Tree
The Mariposa Grove Cabin, located in the shadow of the General Grant (center) and General Sheridan (right) trees.
The Telescope Tree
Wawona Tunnel Tree, also known as the Fallen Tunnel Tree.

Museum

The Mariposa Grove Museum, also known as the Mariposa Grove Cabin, is a large cabin built in 1930. It sits in the shadow of two prominent giant sequoia trees: General Grant and General Sheridan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.^[11]^[12]

The museum features numerous historic photographs and details the history of Mariposa Grove. Restrooms are inside.^[13]