Mark 46 torpedo

Mark 46 torpedo
Mark 46 torpedo
	A Mk 46 exercise torpedo launched from USS Moosbrugger.
Type	Lightweight anti-submarine torpedo
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	• Mod 0: 1963; • Mod 5: 1979
Used by	See operators
Production history
Designer	Naval Ordnance Test Station Pasadena; Aerojet; Alliant Techsystems
Designed	1960
Manufacturer	Aerojet; Naval Ordnance Station Forest Park; Honeywell; Raytheon
Variants	Mod 0; Mod 1; Mod 2; Mod 5; Mod 5A; Mod 5A(S); Mod 5A(SW)
Specifications
Mass	508 lb (230 kg)
Length	8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
Diameter	12.75 in (323.8 mm)
Warhead	PBXN-103 high explosive (bulk charge)
Warhead weight	96.8 lb (43.9 kg)
Engine	Two-speed, reciprocating external combustion
Propellant	Otto fuel II
Operational; range	12,000 yd (11,000 m)
Maximum depth	>1,200 ft (370 m)
Maximum speed	>40 kn (74 km/h; 46 mph)
Guidance; system	Active or passive/active acoustic homing
Launch; platform	Mark 32 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tubes, ASW Aircraft, RUM-139 VL-ASROC

The Mark 46 torpedo is the backbone of the United States Navy's lightweight anti-submarine warfare torpedo inventory and is the NATO standard. These aerial torpedoes are designed to attack high-performance submarines. In 1989, an improvement program for the Mod 5 to the Mod 5A and Mod 5A(S) increased its shallow-water performance. The Mark 46 was initially developed as Research Torpedo Concept I (RETORC I), one of several weapons recommended for implementation by Project Nobska, a 1956 summer study on submarine warfare.^[3]

A Mark 46 Mod 5A torpedo is inspected aboard the guided missile destroyer USS Mustin.
A French Lynx helicopter carrying a Mk 46 torpedo.
A P-8A Poseidon of VP-16 dropping a Mark 46 torpedo

Design details

Variants

Mod 0: One of the original versions of 1960 (production started 1963). Solid propellent piston engine. Gyro/wire guidance with passive/active homing.^[1]
Mod 1: Based on Mod 0. 1967. Uses liquid Otto fuel piston engine. Laminar search guidance.^[1] Phase 1 of 1968 uses stronger hull to resist deeper waters. Phase 2 of 1971 uses a new homing program able to detect submarines near the surface.^[4]
Mod 2: Based on Mod 1 phase 2. More powerful Mk 103 Mod 1 warhead. Improved computer with snake search pattern capability.^[4] Known to have been captured by China in 1978.^[5]
Mod 4: Version for use as Mark 60 CAPTOR mine payload.^[6]^[7]
Mod 5: 1979 upgrade kit for Mod 2, also known as NEARTIP (near-term improvement program). New passive/active sonar, liquid fuel and two speed engine for low speed search and high speed attack.^[4]
- Mod 5A: Cheapter NEARTIP upgrade kit for Mod 1 and Mod 2 with improved shallow-water performance. 1980s.^[4]
- Mod 5A(S): Variant of 5A that allows use in water as shallow as 40 m.^[4]
- Mod 5A(SW): Latest variant from 1996 Service Life Extension Program.^[4] Boasts improved counter-countermeasure performance, enhanced target acquisition, provides a bottom-avoidance preset, and improved maintainability and reliability.^[2]
Mod 6: Version for Mark 60 CAPTOR, with some NEARTIP components.^[6]
Mod 7: Cancelled. Not funded by Congress.^[8]

For most variants there is also an inert REXTORP (recoverable exercise torpedo) version.

Specifications

Mark 46, Mod 5

Primary Function: Air and ship-launched lightweight torpedo^[9]
Contractor: Alliant Techsystems
Power Plant: Two-speed, reciprocating external combustion; Mono-propellant (Otto fuel II)
Length: 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) tube launch configuration (from ship),^[10] 14 ft 9 in (4.50 m) with ASROC rocket booster^[9]
Weight: 508 lb (230 kg)^[9] (warshot configuration)
Diameter: 12.75 in (324 mm)^[10]
Range: 12,000 yd (11,000 m)^[9]
Depth: > 1,200 ft (370 m)
Speed: > 40 kn (74 km/h; 46 mph)^[9]
Guidance System: Homing mode: Active or passive/active acoustic homing^[10]
Launch/search mode: Snake or circle search
Warhead: 96.8 lb (43.9 kg)^[9] of PBXN-103 high explosive (bulk charge)
Date Deployed: 1967 (Mod 0);^[9] 1979 (Mod 5)

Yu-7 variant

The Chinese Yu-7 torpedo is said to be based on the Mk 46 Mod 2. The Chinese Navy used the Yu-7 ASW torpedo, deployed primarily on ships and ASW helicopters,^[11] but it started to be replaced by the Yu-11 in 2012.^[5]

Operators

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Jolie, E.W. (15 September 1978). "A Brief History of US Navy Torpedo Development: Torpedo Mk46". Retrieved 24 June 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The US Navy Fact File: Mark 46 Torpedo". 27 November 2012. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
^ Friedman, Norman (1994). U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 109-114. ISBN 1-55750-260-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Mk 46". Weaponsystems.net.
^ ^a ^b "Undersea dragon: Chinese ASW capabilities advance" (PDF). Jane's. 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2018. Cite error: The named reference "janes_dragon" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b "Mark 60 CAPTOR". Weaponsystems.net.
^ Simeral, R. T. (1978). "Torpedo MK 46 Physical Characteristics". Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA.; Government-Industry Data Exchange Program. ADA081111.pdf
^ "MK-46 Torpedo". www.navysite.de.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Thomas, Vincent C. The Almanac of Seapower 1987 Navy League of the United States (1987) ISBN 0-9610724-8-2 pp.190-191
^ ^a ^b ^c Polmar, Norman "The Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet: Torpedoes" United States Naval Institute Proceedings November 1978 p.160
^ (Chinese language) Archived 2006-11-02 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Frigate Lot 3A - Torpedoes Acquisition Project of the Philippine Navy". www.phdefenseresource.com. 3 April 2021.
^ "Mk 46 torpedo - Weaponsystems.net". www.weaponsystems.net.

External links

[joliehist-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Jolie, E.W. (15 September 1978). "A Brief History of US Navy Torpedo Development: Torpedo Mk46". Retrieved 24 June 2013.

[navy-2] "The US Navy Fact File: Mark 46 Torpedo". 27 November 2012. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2018.

[3] Friedman, Norman (1994). U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 109-114. ISBN 1-55750-260-9.

[ws46-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Mk 46". Weaponsystems.net.

[janes_dragon-5] "Undersea dragon: Chinese ASW capabilities advance" (PDF). Jane's. 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2018. Cite error: The named reference "janes_dragon" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[ws60-6] "Mark 60 CAPTOR". Weaponsystems.net.

[ADA081111-7] Simeral, R. T. (1978). "Torpedo MK 46 Physical Characteristics". Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA.; Government-Industry Data Exchange Program. ADA081111.pdf

[unoff-8] "MK-46 Torpedo". www.navysite.de.

[1987_almanac-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Thomas, Vincent C. The Almanac of Seapower 1987 Navy League of the United States (1987) ISBN 0-9610724-8-2 pp.190-191

[proceedings-10] Polmar, Norman "The Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet: Torpedoes" United States Naval Institute Proceedings November 1978 p.160

[chinese-11] (Chinese language) Archived 2006-11-02 at the Wayback Machine

[Mk46Mentioned_FromPhN'sK745Acquisition-12] "Frigate Lot 3A - Torpedoes Acquisition Project of the Philippine Navy". www.phdefenseresource.com. 3 April 2021.

[weaponsystems-13] "Mk 46 torpedo - Weaponsystems.net". www.weaponsystems.net.

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Mark 46 torpedo

Design details

Variants

Specifications

Yu-7 variant

Operators

See also

References

External links

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