Until the early 1800s, the area was rural farmland in the historic county of Yorkshire. The town was a planned development which started in 1830, based around a new port with coal and later ironworks added. Steel production and ship building began in the late 1800s, remaining associated with the town until the post-industrial decline of the late twentieth century. Trade (notably through ports) and digital enterprise sectors contemporarily contribute to the local economy, Teesside University and Middlesbrough College to local education.
Middlesbrough was made a municipal borough in 1853. When elected county councils were created in 1889, Middlesbrough was considered large enough to provide its own county-level services and so it became a county borough, independent from North Riding County Council. The borough of Middlesbrough was abolished in 1968 when the area was absorbed into the larger County Borough of Teesside. Six years later in 1974 Middlesbrough was re-established as a borough within the new county of Cleveland. Cleveland was abolished in 1996, since when Middlesbrough has been a unitary authority within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. However, since its establishment in 2016, the former area of Cleveland, including Middlesbrough, has been also governed by the Tees Valley Combined Authority, which has had a directly elected Mayor since 2017.[3]
Middlesbrough started as a Benedictine priory on the south bank of the River Tees, its name possibly derived from it being midway between the holy sites of Durham and Whitby. The earliest recorded form of Middlesbrough's name is "Mydilsburgh". Some believe the name means "middle fortress", as it was midway between the two religious houses of Durham and Whitby; others state that it is an Old English personal name (Midele or Myhailf) combined with burgh meaning town.[4][5][6][7]
After the Angles, the area became home to Viking settlers. Names of Viking origin (with the suffix by meaning village[11]) are abundant in the area; for example, Ormesby, Stainsby and Tollesby were once separate villages that belonged to Vikings called Orm, Steinn and Toll that are now areas of Middlesbrough were recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086.
Coal and docks
In 1801, Middlesbrough was a small farming township with a population of just 25. From the 1829 onwards it experienced rapid growth. In 1828 the influential Quaker banker, coal mine owner and Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR) shareholder Joseph Pease sailed up the River Tees to find a suitable new site downriver of Stockton on which to place new coal staithes. As a result, in 1829 he and a group of Quaker businessmen bought the Middlesbrough farmstead and associated estate, some 527 acres (213 ha) of land, and established the Middlesbrough Estate Company.
Through the company, the investors set about a new coal port development (designed by John Harris) on the southern banks of the Tees.[12][13] The first coal shipping staithes at the port (known as "Port Darlington") were constructed with a settlement to the east established on the site of Middlesbrough farm as labour for the port, taking on the farm's name as it developed into a village.[14][15]
The port was linked to the S&DR on 27 December 1830 via a branch that extended to an area just north of the current Middlesbrough railway station.[16]
The success of the port meant it soon became overwhelmed by the volume of imports and exports, and in 1839 work started on a dock to the east of Middlesbrough.[14] The first water for the dock was let in on 19 March 1842, the formal opening took place on 12 May 1842.
Iron dominated the Tees area since 1841 when Henry Bolckow in partnership with John Vaughan, founded the Vulcan iron foundry and rolling mill. Vaughan introduced the new "Bell Hopper" system of closed blast furnaces developed at the Ebbw Vale works. The new system and nearby abundant supply of Ironstone in the Eston Hills in 1850, made the works a success with the area becoming known as the "Iron-smelting centre of the world" and Bolckow, Vaughan & Co., Ltd the largest company in existence at the time.[17]
By 1851 Middlesbrough's population had grown from 40 people in 1829 to 7,600.[13]Pig iron production rose tenfold between 1851 and 1856 and by the mid-1870s Middlesbrough was producing one third of the entire nation's Pig Iron output. It was during this time Middlesbrough earned the nickname "Ironopolis".[18][19]
On 21 January 1853, Middlesbrough received its Royal Charter of Incorporation,[20] giving the town the right to have a mayor, aldermen and councillors. Henry Bolckow became mayor, in 1853.[8]
In the latter half of the 19th century, Old Middlesbrough was starting to decline and was overshadowed by developments built around the new town hall, south of the original town hall.[21][22]
On 15 August 1867, a Reform Bill was passed, making Middlesbrough a new parliamentary borough, Bolckow was elected member for Middlesbrough the following year. In 1900, Bolckow, Vaughan & Co had become the largest producer of steel in Great Britain.
The town's rapid expansion continued throughout the second half of the 19th century (fuelled by the iron and steel industry), the population reaching 90,000 by the dawn of the 20th century.[13]
Second World War
Middlesbrough was the first major British town and industrial target to be bombed during the Second World War. The steel making capacity and railways for carrying steel products were obvious targets. The Luftwaffe first bombed the town on 25 May 1940, when a lone bomber dropped 13 bombs between South Bank Road and the South Steel plant.[23] More bombing occurred throughout the course of the war, with the railway station put out of action for two weeks in 1942.[24]
By the end of the war over 200 buildings had been damaged or destroyed within the Middlesbrough area. Areas of early and mid-Victorian housing were demolished and much of central Middlesbrough was redeveloped. Heavy industry was relocated to areas of land better suited to the needs of modern technology. Middlesbrough itself began to take on a completely different look.[25]
Post-war rebuild
Post war industrial to contemporary un-industrial Middlesbrough has changed the town, multiple buildings replaced and roads built. The A66 road was built through the town in the 1980s; Middlesbrough's Royal Exchange building was demolished to make way for the road.
The original St.Hilda's area of Middlesbrough, after decades of decline and clearance, was given a new name of Middlehaven in 1986 on investment proposals to build on the land.[26]Middlehaven has since had new buildings built there including Middlesbrough College and Middlesbrough FC's Riverside Stadium amongst others. Also situated at Middlehaven is the "Boho" zone, offering office space to the area's business and to attract new companies, and also "Bohouse", housing.[27][28] Some of the street names from the original grid-iron street plan of the town still exist in the area today.
The expansion of Middlesbrough southwards, eastwards and westwards continued throughout the 20th century absorbing villages such as Linthorpe, Acklam, Ormesby, Marton and Nunthorpe[13] and continues to the present day.
After construction of the modern town began in 1830, there was a need for more urban forms of local government. In 1841 a body of improvement commissioners was set up covering the township of Middlesbrough and part of the township of Linthorpe.[32] The commissioners were superseded in 1853 when the same area was made a municipal borough. The borough boundaries were extended in 1858, 1866 and 1887.[33][34] When elected county councils were created in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888, Middlesbrough was considered large enough to provide its own county-level services and so it became a county borough, independent from the new North Riding County Council, whilst remaining part of the North Riding of Yorkshire for ceremonial purposes.[35]
By this time the borough covered the civil parish of Middlesbrough and parts of the parishes of Linthorpe (where the old township had been made a separate parish in 1866), Marton, Normanby, Ormesby and West Acklam. The Local Government Act 1894 said that parishes could no longer straddle borough boundaries, and so the parish of Middlesbrough was enlarged to cover the whole borough.[36][37]
The borough was further enlarged in 1913, taking in the rest of Linthorpe and the North Ormesby area from the parish of Ormesby.[38] In 1932 it gained West Acklam and smaller parts from other parishes when the Middlesbrough Rural District was abolished.[36]
The Middlesbrough constituency is represented by Andy McDonald for Labour in the House of Commons. He was elected in a by-election held on 29 November 2012 following the death of previous Member of Parliament Sir Stuart Bell, who was the MP since 1983. Middlesbrough has been a traditionally safe Labour seat. The first Conservative MP for Middlesbrough was Sir Samuel Alexander Sadler, elected in 1900.
Middlesbrough is south of the River Tees with nature reserves and heavy industry on the opposite bank. Some open spaces in the town are off the B1380 road (Ladgate Lane): Sandy Flatts, Middlesbrough Municipal Golf Course, Stewart Park and Ormesby Hall's grounds. It is one of the Tree Cities of the World.[39]
Middlesbrough is within the Teesside, which is centred around the River Tees; it includes nearby towns such as Stockton and Redcar. The following list shows the wards that correspond to the Middlesbrough built-up area ; those in bold have civil parishes.
Middlesbrough has an oceanic climate typical for the United Kingdom.
Being sheltered from prevailing south-westerly winds by the Lake District and Pennines to the west, and the Cleveland Hills to the south, Middlesbrough is in one of the relatively dry parts of the country, receiving on average 574 millimetres (22.6 inches) of rain a year. Temperatures range from mild summer highs in July and August typically around 21 °C (70 °F), to winter lows in December and January falling to around 0 °C (32 °F).
Seasonal variations are small and both the mild summers and cool winters are far removed from the average climates of the latitude (54.5°N). This is mainly due to the British Isles being a relatively small land mass surrounded by water, the mild south-westerly Gulf Stream air that dominates the British Isles, and the propensity for cloud cover to limit temperature extremes. In nearby Scandinavia, more than ten latitudes farther north, there are coastal Bothnian climates with warmer summers than Middlesbrough; and winters in Middlesbrough can be less cold than those at lower latitudes in mainland Europe.
Climate data for Middlesbrough, England (1991–2010, Stockton-on-Tees Climate Station)
Middlesbrough has four shopping centres accessible from Linthorpe road: Cleveland Centre, Hill Street, Captain Cook Square and Dundas. Gateway Retail Park is near the Riverside Stadium[48] and the Parkway Centre is in Coulby Newham. Cleveland retail park (South Bank) and the retail part of Teesside Park (between Thornaby and Middlesbrough) are on the council's outskirts.
The leisure part of Teesside Park is in the council area, including a cinema and bowling alley. Middlesbrough Leisure Park is located at the eastern edge of the town centre: it has restaurants, a cinema, a golf shop and a gym.[49] Captain Cook Square, with the Future High Streets Fund, transitioned from majority retail sector to having a hospitality sector; mini-golf, indoor go-kart track, e-sport venue and bowling alley.[50]
Industry
Industry in the town was once dominated by steelmaking, shipbuilding and chemical industries. Since the late 20th century and into the 21st century,[51][52]
the demise of much of the heavy industry in the area, newer technologies (such as the digital sector) have emerged.[53]
Engineering
Middlesbrough also remains a stronghold for engineering based manufacturing and engineering contract service businesses. To help support this, the new TeesAMP advanced manufacturing park is designed to accommodate businesses associated with advanced manufacturing and emerging technologies.[54] Announced in September 2020, TeesAMP will be the location of the UK's first hydrogen transport centre.[55]
Port
Teesport, owned by PD Ports, is a major contributor to the economy of Middlesbrough and the port owners have their offices in the town. The port is 1 mile (2 km) from the North Sea and 4 miles (6 km) east of Middlesbrough, on the River Tees. In 2019 it handled over 4,350 vessels each year and around 27 million tonnes of cargo with the estate covering approximately 779 acres.[56] Steel, petrochemical, agribulks, manufacturing, engineering and high street commerce operations are all supported through Teesport, in addition to the renewable energy sector, in both production and assembly facilities.
Former
In 1875, Bolckow, Vaughan & Co opened the Cleveland Steelworks in Middlesbrough, beginning the transition from iron production to steel and, by the turn of the century, the area had become one of the major steel centres in the country and possibly the world. In 1900, Bolckow, Vaughan & Co had become the largest producer of steel in Great Britain. In 1914, Dorman Long, another major steel producer from Middlesbrough, became the largest company in Britain, employing a workforce of over 20,000, and by 1929 it was the dominant steel producer on Teesside after taking over Bolckow, Vaughan & Co and acquiring its assets. It was possibly the largest steel producer in Britain at the time.[57]
Several large shipyards also lined the Tees, including the Sir Raylton Dixon & Company, which produced hundreds of steam freighters including the infamous SS Mont-Blanc, the steamship which caused the 1917 Halifax Explosion in Canada.
The Middlesbrough Mela is an annual, multi-cultural festival attracting an audience of up to 40,000 to enjoy a mix of live music, food, craft and fashion stalls. It began in Middlesbrough's Central Gardens, now Centre Square, and is either held there or in Albert Park.[59]
Theatres and music venues
Middlesbrough also has a healthy musical heritage. A number of bands and musicians hail from the area, including Paul Rodgers, Chris Rea, and Micky Moody.
Middlesbrough Town Hall is the pre-eminent theatre venue in Middlesbrough. It has two concert halls: the first is a classic Victorian concert hall with a proscenium stage and seating 1,190; the second, under the main hall, is called the Middlesbrough Crypt and has a capacity of up to 600. The venue is run by Middlesbrough Council and is funded, in part, by Arts Council England as a National Portfolio Organisation specialising in music.[60] It was refurbished with the assistance of the National Lottery Heritage Fund and reopened in 2018.[61]
The Middlesbrough Theatre (formerly the Little Theatre) is in the suburb of Linthorpe. It was designed by architects Elder & De Pierro[62] and was the first purpose designed theatre to be erected in post-war England when it was opened on 22 October 1957 by Sir John Gielgud.[63][64]
Art and galleries
The town has three art galleries. Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art, known locally as mima, is a purpose built contemporary art gallery which opened in January 2007. It replaced the Cleveland Gallery (closed 1999), and Cleveland Crafts Centre (closed 2003).
The Middlesbrough Art Weekender is a contemporary art festival organised by the Auxiliary that has been held in central Middlesbrough since 2017.[65] In 2019, it was held over the weekend of 26–29 September and included the works of artists such as Emily Hesse and Karina Smigla-Bobinski.[66] The Auxiliary Warehouse space, which was opened also as part of the 2019 Middlesbrough Art Weekender, is a recent addition to the contemporary art community.[67]
The Platform A Gallery is a contemporary art space at the end of platform 1 of Middlesbrough Railway Station.[68]
The Parmo originated in Middlesbrough. It consists of a breaded cutlet of meat with cheese and white sauce toppings. The parmo is widely available at takeaways in Middlesbrough.
Public services
Healthcare
The South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust has the James Cook University Hospital in the town. It adds to the economy through innovative projects; such as South Tees bio-incubator which acts as a launch-pad for research, innovation and collaboration between health, technology and science. It is a facility used by GlycoSeLect (UK) Ltd. as a client of the trust in strategic partnership with The Northern Health Science Alliance which has contributed £10.8 billion to the UK economy.[69]
There is also the Middlesbrough One Life Medical Centre and North Ormesby Health Village in town. Ramsey Health operate the private Tees Valley Hospital in Acklam.[72]
Police
Cleveland Police serve Middlesbrough out of their headquarters on Bridge Street West. The British Transport Police also maintain a presence at Middlesbrough Station.
Facilities
Parks
Albert Park was donated to the town by Henry Bolckow in 1866. It was formally opened by Prince Arthur on 11 August 1868, and consists of a 30-hectare (74-acre) site. The park underwent a considerable period of restoration from 2001 to 2004, during which a number of the park's landmarks saw either restoration or revival.
Stewart Park was donated to the people of Middlesbrough in 1928 by Councillor Thomas Dormand Stewart and encompasses Victorian stable buildings, lakes and animal pens. It is also home to the Captain Cook Birthplace Museum. During 2011 and 2012, the park underwent major refurbishment. It hosted the BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend in the summer of 2019.[73]
Newham Grange Leisure farm in the suburb of Coulby Newham has operated continuously in this spot since the 17th century, becoming a farm park and conservation centre farm with the first residential development of the suburb in the 1970s.
Libraries
There are multiple libraries serving Middlesbrough. A notable library is the Middlesbrough Central Carnegie library which dates from 1912.[74]
Landmarks from top left to bottom right: Acklam Hall, Grey Towers, Webb House/ The Dorman Long Office and The Middlesbrough Empire
The terraced Victorian streets surrounding the town centre are elements of Middlesbrough's social and historical identity, and the vast streets surrounding Parliament Road and Abingdon Road a reminder of the area's wealth and rapid growth during industrialisation.
Middlesbrough Town Hall, designed by George Gordon Hoskins and built between 1883 and 1889 is a Grade II* listed building[76] used for municipal purposes and as an entertainment venue. The Middlesbrough Empire, built in 1897 as a theatre, is a nightclub (since 1993) designed by Ernest Runtz. The first artist to perform in building as a Music Hall was Lillie Langtry.[87] It became an early nightclub (1950s), then a bingo hall and is now once again a nightclub. In Linthorpe, is the Middlesbrough Theatre opened by Sir John Gielgud in 1957; it was one of the first new theatres built in England after the Second World War.
The Dorman Long office on Zetland Road, constructed between 1881 and 1891, is the only commercial building ever designed by Philip Webb, the architect who worked for Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell.
Via a 1907 Act of Parliament, Sir William Arrol & Co. of Glasgow built the Tees Transporter Bridge (1911) which spans the river between Middlesbrough and Port Clarence. It is a Grade II* listed building.[77] Some of the film Billy Elliot was filmed on the bridge.[88] At 850 feet (260 m) long and 225 feet (69 m) high, it is one of the largest of its type in the world. Since reopening after restoration and flood protection work in 2013 and 2015[89][90] the bridge has been closed for long periods due to safety concerns.[91] In August 2022, the Mayor of Middlesbrough announced that one of the legs is sinking, and that the estimated costs of repairs have been increasing: the bridge's future remains under consideration.[92]
The Tees Newport Bridge opened further up the river in 1934. Newport bridge still stands and is passable by traffic: it formerly lifted vertically in the centre.
Artworks
Sculptures: 40,000 Years of Modern Art, Bottle O' Notes and the Temenos Sculpture
The Temenos Sculpture, designed by sculptor Anish Kapoor and designer Cecil Balmond, is a steel structure near to the north west side of the Riverside Stadium. The steel structure, consisting of a pole, a circular ring and an oval ring, stands approximately 110 m long and 50 m high and is held together by steel wire. It was unveiled in 2010 at a cost of £2.7 million.
Near the town hall is the "Bottle of Notes", it was unveiled in 1993 and is the UK's only public sculpture by Claes Oldenburg, it is inspired by Captain James Cook.[93]
Transport
Air
Teesside, Newcastle and Leeds Bradford are the closest international airports to the town; they are all connected by a rail journey with at least one change. Manchester Airport is connected directly by TransPennine's railway service.[94]
Though just outside the boundary of Middlesbrough, within a joint preservation area with Redcar and Cleveland, Ormesby Hall is an 18th-century palladian mansion, once owned by the Pennyman family; it is now a National Trust property
Teesside University traces back to 1930 at the opening of Constantine Technical College, located on Borough Road, in the town centre. The then college expanded through acquiring adjacent buildings, such as Middlesbrough High School, and by building Middlesbrough Tower. It became Teesside Polytechnic in 1969.[106]
In 1992, the polytechnic gained university status, becoming the University of Teesside. Extramural classes had previously been provided by the University of LeedsAdult Education Centre on Harrow Road, from 1958 to 2001.[107] It was rebranded, in 2009, to Teesside University. It further expanded in size and courses available, until, student numbers increased to approximately 20,000 studying at the university.[108]
The university is a major presence in the town.[109] It has a growing reputation for developing digital businesses particularly in the field of digital animation and for hosting the Animex festival.[110] The Boho zone in the town now houses a large number of these start-up digital businesses.[111] The university has 18,000 students, 2,400 staff and operates a £250,000,000 campus in Middlesbrough town-centre. The university campus has benefited from approx £250 million of investment in recent years, including the £30 million Campus Heart scheme.
Teesside University supports a total of 2,570 full-time jobs across the Tees Valley, North East and UK economies per annum. The university contributes additional wealth to the local, regional and national economies as measured by Gross Value Added (GVA). It is estimated this contributes a total of £124 million GVA per annum. The total direct, indirect and induced spending impacts associated with full-time international students and UK students from outside of the North East is approximately £18.9 million per annum. It is estimated this spending supports 158 full-time jobs per annum in Tees Valley and contributes additional wealth of £9.3 million per annum to the local economy.[112]
The Northern School of Art (established in 1870) is also based in Middlesbrough, it has another site in Hartlepool. It is one of only four specialist art and design further education colleges in the United Kingdom.
Ashkenazi Jews started to settle in Middlesbrough from 1862 and formed Middlesbrough Hebrew Congregation in 1870 with a synagogue in Hill Street. The synagogue moved to Brentnall Street in 1874 and then to a new building in
Park Road South in 1938.[114]
Editions of the Jewish Year Book record the growth and decline of Middlesbrough's Jewish population. It was about 100 in 1896–97 and peaked at 750 in 1935. It then declined to 30 in 1998, in which year the synagogue in Park Road South was ceremonially closed.[114]
Islam
The Islamic community is represented in several mosques in Middlesbrough. Muslimsailors visited Middlesbrough from about 1890.[115] and, in 1961, Azzam and Younis Din opened the first Halalbutcher shop.[115] The first mosque was a house in Grange Road in 1962.[115] The Al-Madina Jamia Mosque, on Waterloo Road, the Dar ul Islam Central Mosque, on Southfield Road, and the Abu Bakr Mosque & Community Centre,[116] which is on Park Road North.
Sikhism
The Sikh community established its first gurdwara in Milton Street in 1967.[115] After a time in Southfield Road, the centre is now in Lorne Street and was opened in 1990.[115]
Hinduism
There is a Hindu Cultural Centre in Westbourne Grove, North Ormesby, which was opened in 1990.[115]
Film director Ridley Scott is from the North East and based the opening shot of Blade Runner on the view of the old ICI plant at Wilton. He said: "There's a walk from Redcar … I'd cross a bridge at night, and walk above the steel works. So that's probably where the opening of Blade Runner comes from. It always seemed to be rather gloomy and raining, and I'd just think "God, this is beautiful." You can find beauty in everything, and so I think I found the beauty in that darkness." It has been claimed that the site was also considered as a shooting location for one of the films in Scott's Alien franchise.[120]
In the 2009 action thriller The Tournament Middlesbrough is that year's location where the assassins' competition is being held. In November 2009, the mima art gallery was used by the presenters of Top Gear as part of a challenge. The challenge was to see if car exhibits would be more popular than normal art.[121]
Middlesbrough hosts multiple road races through the year, including the annual Middlesbrough 10k (formerly Tees Pride 10k) road race. First held in 2005, the one-lap circuit event and associated fun runs were held in the Acklam area of the town before being moved to the town centre in 2021.[131][132]
Tees Valley Mohawks and Teesside Lions basketball teams play in the NBL Division 3. Athletics has two local clubs serving Middlesbrough and the surrounding area, Middlesbrough-and-Cleveland Harriers and Middlesbrough AC (Mandale). Training facilities at the Middlesbrough Sports Village opened in 2015, replacing Clairville Stadium.[134] Notable athletes to train at both facilities are World and European Indoor Sprint Champion Richard Kilty, British Indoor Long Jump record holder Chris Tomlinson. The sports village includes a running track with grandstand, an indoor gym and café, football pitches, as well as a cycle circuit and velodrome. Next to the sports village is a skateboard park and Middlesbrough Tennis World.[135]
Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Middlesbrough and Oberhausen entered into a town twinning partnership in 1974, close ties having existed for over 50 years. Those ties began in 1953 with youth exchanges, the first of which was held in 1953. Both towns continue to be committed to twinning activities today.[136]
^Ekwall, Eilert (1960). The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names (4 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 324. ISBN0-19-869103-3.
^Johnston, James Brown (1915). The place-names of England and Wales. London: Murray. p. 368. OCLC1050761076.
^Chrystal, Paul (2017). The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales (1 ed.). Catrine: Stenlake. p. 58. ISBN9781840337532.
^Smith, A. H. (1979) [1928]. The Place Names of the North Riding of Yorkshire. English Place Name Society. p. 160. OCLC19714705.
^ ab"Middlesbrough Civil Parish". A Vision of Britain through Time. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
^Corrigan, Naomi; McNeal, Ian; Glover, Andrew; Brown, Mike; Huntley, David; Lunn, Katie; Cooper, Ian Robert; Jones, Samuel (27 May 2019). "Big Weekend live: The full story of an amazing weekend". gazettelive. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
^"Central Library". middlesbrough.gov.uk. 9 November 2016. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
^Emily Diamand Workshops. "Trinity Catholic College website". Trinitycatholiccollege.middlesbrough.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
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Adisatrya Suryo SulistoM.B.A Anggota Dewan Perwakilan RakyatRepublik IndonesiaPetahanaMulai menjabat 1 Oktober 2009Perolehan suara52.834 (2009)105.399 (2014)108.428 (2019)Daerah pemilihanJawa Tengah VIII Informasi pribadiLahirAdisatrya Suryo Sulisto15 Mei 1974 (umur 49)Jakarta, IndonesiaKebangsaanIndonesiaPartai politikPartai Demokrasi Indonesia PerjuanganOrang tuaSuryo B. SulistoPekerjaanPengusahaPolitisiSunting kotak info • L • B Adisatrya Suryo Sulisto (lahir 15 Mei 197…
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Gereja Anglikan yang tidak lagi digunakan di situs biara Clonard Pembangunan biara digambarkan di jendela kaca patri gereja Santo Finianus di Clonard Biara Clonard (bahasa Irlandia: Cluain Eraird, atau Cluain Iraird, Padang Rumput Erard) merupakan biara dari awal abad pertengahan yang terletak di sungai Boyne di Clonard, County Meath, Irlandia. Biara ini didirikan pada sekitar 520 oleh Santo Finian, yang awalnya membangun satu biara kecil di situs tersebut.[1] Situs aslinya mungkin berad…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Emanne BeashaLahir18 September 2008 (umur 15)Amman, JordanGenreOpera, Classical-crossover, pop, operatic popPekerjaanPenyanyiTahun aktif2015–sekarangSitus webwww.emannebeasha.com Emanne Beasha (Arab: إيمان بيشةcode: ar is deprecated ; lah…
Anthaxia plicata Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Buprestidae Genus: Anthaxia Spesies: Anthaxia plicata Nama binomial Anthaxia plicataKiesenwetter, 1859 Anthaxia plicata adalah spesies kumbang yang tergolong ke dalam famili Buprestidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Coleoptera. Spesies Anthaxia plicata sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Anthaxia.[1] Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Kie…
Gabah Gabah atau antah[1] adalah bulir padi yang mengacu pada bulir padi yang telah dipisahkan dari tangkainya (jerami). Dalam perdagangan komoditas, gabah merupakan tahap yang penting dalam pengolahan padi sebelum dikonsumsi karena perdagangan padi dalam partai besar dilakukan dalam bentuk gabah. Terdapat definisi teknis perdagangan untuk gabah, yaitu hasil tanaman padi yang telah dipisahkan dari tangkainya dengan cara perontokan. Anatomi gabah Secara anatomi biologi, gabah merupakan bu…
Jamel Saihi Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Jamel SaihiTanggal lahir 21 Januari 1987 (umur 37)Tempat lahir Montpellier, PrancisTinggi 1,81 m (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubKlub saat ini MontpellierNomor 23Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2007– Montpellier 116 (1)Tim nasional‡2009– Tunisia 10 (2) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik dan akurat per Juli 2012‡ Penampilan dan gol di tim nasional akurat pe…
Wikispecies mempunyai informasi mengenai Kangkung pagar. Kangkung pagar Ipomoea carnea Bunga krangkungan di area pesawahan di bawah pohon lamtoro Rekaman TaksonomiDivisiTracheophytaSubdivisiSpermatophytesKladAngiospermaeKladmesangiospermsKladeudicotsKladcore eudicotsKladasteridsKladlamiidsOrdoSolanalesFamiliConvolvulaceaeTribusIpomoeeaeGenusIpomoeaSpesiesIpomoea carnea Jacq. lbs Kangkung pagar atau krangkungan (Ipomoea carnea) adalah salah satu spesies dari genus Ipomoea yang tumbuh liar dan dap…
Distrik Beitou adalah sebuah distrik di kota Taipei, Taiwan. Distrik ini memiliki penduduk sebesar sekitar 248.965 jiwa dan luas 56,8 km². Nama ini berasal dari bahasa Ketagalan, yang merupakan bahasa Austronesia, Kipatauw yang berarti sihir. Daerah ini adalah yang paling berbukit di Taipei dan merupakan yang tertinggi pula. lbs Distrik di Taipei, TaiwanUtaraBeitou · ShilinTimurNangang · Neihu · Songshan · XinyiBaratDa'an · Datong ·…
K. R. RamanathanLahirKalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan(1893-02-28)28 Februari 1893Kalpathi, Palakkad, Kepresidenan Madras, India BritaniaMeninggal31 Desember 1984(1984-12-31) (umur 91)KebangsaanIndiaPenghargaan Anggota Indian Academy of Sciences, 1934 Padma Bhushan, 1965 Padma Vibhushan, 1976 Medali Aryabhata, dianugerahi oleh Akademi Sains Nasional India, 1977 Karier ilmiahBidangFisika dan MeteorologiPembimbing akademikC. V. Raman Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan (28 Februari 1893 –…
Jane SeymourLukisan oleh Hans Holbein the Younger, Kunsthistorisches MuseumPermaisuri Raja InggrisPeriode30 Mei 1536 – 24 Oktober 1537Proklamasi4 Juni 1536PendahuluAnne BoleynPenerusAnne dari KleveInformasi pribadiKelahiransekitar 1508Kematian24 Oktober 1537 (umur 28)Istana Hampton CourtPemakaman12 November 1537Kapel Santo George, Kastil WindsorKeluargaSeymourAyahJohn SeymourIbuMargery WentworthPasanganHenry VIII, Raja InggrisAnakEdward VI, Raja InggrisTanda tangan Jane Seymour (sekitar 1…
Atap busur di jendela atap pusat perbelanjaan Loop5 di Darmstadt, Jerman. Atap busur adalah atap melengkung yang terutama dari bawah berbentuk melengkung seperti gentong yang dipotong. Atap ini memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan atap kubah, terutama mampu menutupi bangunan berbentuk persegi panjang, [1] karena penampangnya yang seragam.[2] Mereka terutama digunakan sebagai bangunan industri penyimpanan massal karena kemampuannya untuk memiliki rasio ruang terhadap struktur…
Koordinat: 39°23′06″N 27°31′59″E / 39.385°N 27.533°E / 39.385; 27.533 BalıkesirA collage of Balıkesir City Center, center of the Balıkesir Province. Top left:Balıkesir Clock Tower, Top right:View of Clock Tower from Zagros Pasa Square, Middle left:Kuvayi Milliye Museum, Center:Balikesir Ataturk Park, Middle right:AHP Square, Bottom upper left:Ottoman style architecture houses in Mimarsi area, Bottom lower left:Ozmerkez headquarter in Kuymcular area, Bottom…