Orange Creek

Orange Creek
Orange Creek
Location
Country	United States
State	Florida
County	Alachua, Marion, Putnam
District	SJRWMD
Physical characteristics
Source	Orange Lake
• location	Island Grove, Florida
• coordinates	29°26′30″N 82°06′32″W / 29.44167°N 82.10889°W
Mouth	Ocklawaha River
• location	Orange Ferry, Florida
• coordinates	29°30′28″N 81°54′55″W / 29.50778°N 81.91528°W
Length	20 mi (32 km)
Basin size	600 sq mi (1,600 km2) (including internal drainage); 515 sq mi (1,330 km2) (excluding internal drainage)

Orange Creek is a small stream in north-central and northeast Florida, that drains Orange Lake to the Ocklawaha River. Privately owned Orange Springs provides part of the water volume.

Description

Part of the Ocklawaha River drainage basin, Orange Creek rises at the southern end of Orange Lake in southeastern Alachua County, Florida. It flows generally eastwards for approximately 20 miles (32 km),^[3] forming the boundary between Marion and Putnam Counties, before draining into the Ocklawaha River near Orange Springs.^[4] The creek's outflow enters the Oklawaha near Orange Ferry, along the stretch of river where the Ocklawaha is impounded to form Rodman Reservoir, part of the abandoned Cross Florida Barge Canal; the creek was considered to be a significant source of water for the reservoir, providing a 20-year mean discharge of 188 cubic feet per second (5.3 m³/s) as of 1973. The record flow at that time was 2,170 cubic feet per second (61 m³/s).^[5] The creek is canoeable along its length, and is known for its fishing for bass and other gamefish.^[6]

Orange Creek basin

Orange Creek receives surface runoff from an area of 515 sq mi (1,330 km²). Water from Lochloosa Lake flows into Orange Lake through Cross Creek and directly into Orange Creek where it leaves Orange Lake. Lochloosa Lake is fed by Lochloosa Creek, which arises in northern Alachua County. Orange Lake receives the outflow of Newnans Lake through Prairie Creek, Camp's Canal and the River Styx. Hatchett Creek, Little Hatchett Creek and Lake Forest Creek, which arise in northern Alachua County, flow into Newnans Lake. The combined area providing surface runoff to Lochloosa Lake and Orange Lake is 323 sq mi (840 km²).^[7]^[8]

Prairie Creek, the principal outlet of Newnans Lake, originally drained into Paynes Prairie. The Camp family, which owned Paynes Prairie and operated a cattle ranch on it, wanted to drain the prairie to improve it as pasture. After very heavy rain flooded the Prairie in 1927, the Camps commenced projects to lower the water table on the Prairie that included diverting Prairie Creek to the River Styx, which flows into Orange Lake.^[9]

Internal drainage

West of the Orange Creek basin in Alachua County is an area of internal drainage with subsurface outflow (cryptorheic basin). The St. Johns River Water Management District includes this area in the Orange Creek basin. The 21,000-acre (85 km²) Paynes Prairie drains into the Alachua Sink.^[10] A number of springs and small streams in Alachua County flow into Paynes Prairie, into other sinkholes, or into swamps that have no surface outlet. Such springs and streams include Blues Creek, Boulware Spring, Cellon Creek, Glen Spring, Hogtown Creek, Mill Creek, Possum Creek, Sweetwater Branch, Tumblin Creek (a tributary of Bivens Arm), and Turkey Creek.^[11] Lake Alice, which receives runoff from about 60 percent of the University of Florida main campus, has no surface outlet, with ground seepage historically keeping the lake from overflowing.^[12]

Tributaries

A tributary, Little Orange Creek, joins from the north a few miles above the mouth of the creek. In the late 1800s several mills were located along Little Orange Creek.^[13]

Controversies

A dispute between Alachua, Marion and Putnam Counties arose in the 1960s over where their county lines lay with regards to the course of the creek.^[14]^[15] A dam impounds Orange Lake at its exit into the creek; it was the source of controversy in the late 1980s with some calling for its removal.^[16]^[17]

References

Citations

^ "Orange Creek Basin". St. Johns River Water Management District. 2021. Archived from the original on September 3, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
^ Clark et al., p. 56.
^ Ritchie, Bruce (August 3, 1996). "Water district may buy muck farm". Star-Banner. Ocala, FL. p. 3B. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
^ Faulkner 1973, p.24
^ Faulkner 1973, p.54
^ Chun, Diane (May 3, 1987). "Taking the waters once again at Orange Springs". The Gainesville Sun. Gainesville, FL. p. 10F. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
^ Clark et al., pp. 56–57.
^ "Lake Forest Creek Fact Sheet" (PDF). Alachua County Environmental Protection Department. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
^ Andersen 2001, pp. 130–131.
^ Andersen 2001, p. 2.
^ "Fact Sheets". Alachua County Environmental Protection Department. Archived from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
^ "Lake Alice". UF Clean Water Campaign. 2016. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
^ McLin 1904, p.543
^ Moorhead, Jim (May 17, 1962). "Marion-Putnam Officials Agree To Orange Creek Partial Survey". Star-Banner. Ocala, FL. p. 1. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
^ "Creek Boundary Line To Be Set By Group". Star-Banner. Ocala, FL. April 23, 1969. p. 9B. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
^ "Panel to study Orange Creek dam". The Gainesville Sun. Gainesville, FL. December 13, 1989. p. 2B. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
^ "Editorial: Remove the dams". The Gainesville Sun. Gainesville, FL. November 24, 1990. p. 2G. Retrieved 2012-09-04.

Bibliography

Andersen, Lars (2001). Paynes Prairie: A History of the Great Savanna. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press. ISBN 1-56164-225-8.
Clark, William E.; Musgrove, Rufus H.; Menke, Clarence G.; Cagle, Joseph W. Jr. (1964). Water Resources of Alachua, Bradford, Clay and Union Counties, Florida. Report of Investigations. Vol. 35. Tallahassee, Florida: Florida Geological Survey. pp. 38–39, 43.
Faulkner, Glen L., 1973. Geohydrology of the Cross-Florida Barge Canal Area with Special Reference to the Ocala Vicinity. Tallahassee, FL: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report I-73. ISBN 978-1234202545.
McLin, B.E., 1904. Florida: A Pamphlet Descriptive of Its History, Topography, Climate, Soil, Resources and Natural Advantages, In General and By Counties. Tallahassee, FL: Florida Department of Agriculture. ASIN B008TUWP38