Pardes Hanna-Karkur

Pardes Hanna-Karkur

פַּרְדֵּס חַנָּה-כַּרְכּוּר‎
Pardes Hanna-Karkur פַּרְדֵּס חַנָּה-כַּרְכּוּר‎
Local council
Hebrew transcription(s)
• ISO 259	Pardes Ḥanna - Karkur
	Pardes Hanna-Karkur Pardes Hanna-Karkur
	Coordinates: 32°28′16″N 34°58′03″E / 32.47111°N 34.96750°E
Country	Israel
District	Haifa
Founded	1969
Government
• Head of Municipality	Yoni Hakimi
Area
• Total	22,596 dunams (22.596 km2 or 8.724 sq mi)
Population (2022)
• Total	44,840
• Density	2,000/km2 (5,100/sq mi)

Pardes Hanna-Karkur (Hebrew: פַּרְדֵּס חַנָּה-כַּרְכּוּר) is a town in the Haifa District of Israel. In 2022 it had a population of 44,840.^[1] It has been characterized as having a hipster culture.^[2]

History

An Arab village named Karkur had stood at this location by the time the Palestine Exploration Fund had compiled its first maps in 1878.^[3]

In 1913, 15 square kilometers of land was purchased by the Hachsharat Hayishuv society from Arabs in Jenin and Haifa for 400,000 francs (a sum equivalent to 2 million US dollars).^[4] Two years later, the land was sold to a private investor, Yitzhak Shlezinger, the Odessa Committee and the First London Ahuza society. This land became the core of Karkur, Moshav Gan Hashomron and Kibbutz Ein Shemer. Until actual settlement began, the area was guarded by Hashomer, which planted eucalyptus trees to circumvent a Turkish law that allowed the Ottomans to expropriate lands if they were not cultivated for three years.^[4]

The early settlements did not fare well. Shlezinger went bankrupt and sold his land to the Jewish National Fund. The London Ahuza society hoped to settle English Jews on the land, but succeeded only partially. Eventually the Jewish National Fund and the London Ahuza society joined forces to establish Karkur.^[4]

According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Karkur had a population of 38 inhabitants, consisting of 35 Jews and 3 Muslims.^[5]

Pardes Hanna was founded in 1929 by Palestine Jewish Colonisation Association, just east of Karkur.

By 1931, the census in Karkur reported 189 houses, with an overwhelming Muslim majority (282 Jews and 564 Muslims); and 282 people lived in Pardes Hanna, all Jews.^[6] In 1945, the population of Karkur village recorded as 2380, with Karkur itself having 900 people, all Jews; Pardes Hanna village showed 2,300 Jews and 670 Muslims, with 1,860 people (all Jews) in Pardes Hanna itself.^[7]

During World War II, residents worked in Ein Shemer Airfield, operated by the British Royal Air Force as RAF Ein Shemer. According to Marom, "Jewish workers socialised with British troops at nearby coffeehouses like Teacher’s Garden Café and other public institutions in Karkur. Jewish residents of Karkur nicknamed their settlement a ‘colony of love’ because many English-speaking women fraternised with the British soldiers, under the auspices of the local Jewish Hospitality Committee."^[8]

On 6 April 1948, the Irgun raided the British Army camp at Pardes Hanna, killing seven British soldiers and stealing a large quantity of weapons.^[9]

After Israeli independence, Neveh Efraim was founded by Jewish immigrants from Yemen and Neve Oved was established by the Labor movement.^[4] In addition, many Jews from Mumbai, India, including Jews from Bahrain who fled to Israel via Mumbai, settled there.

In the 1950s, the villages Tel Shalom and Neve Efraim were merged with Pardes Hanna. Pardes Hanna and Karkur merged in 1969.

The meaning of the name Pardes Hanna in Hebrew is "Hannah's [Citrus] Orchard". The place is named after Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery née de Rothschild (1851-1890), daughter of Mayer Anschel Rothschild.^[10]^[11]^[12] Naming the town after Hannah Primrose née de Rothschild is part of tradition of having cities, towns and other settlements in Israel named in honor of members of the Rothschild family, primarily due to the generosity and influence of Baron Edmond James de Rothschild, HaNadiv (the Benefactor), upon the history of the Land of Israel and the State of Israel. Pardes Hanna, which as of 2019 had a population of 43,000, is one of 10 cities, towns or settlements in the State of Israel bearing the name of a Rothschild. The others are, in order of their founding: Zichron Ya'akov (1882), Mazkeret Batya (1883), Bat Shlomo (1889), Meir Shfeya (1891), Givat Ada (1903), Binyamina (1922), Ashdot Ya'akov (1924), Shadmot Dvora (1924) and Sde Eliezer (1950). The reason Pardes Hanna was named for Hanna Primrose née de Rothschild in particular is uncertain but she appears to have contributed to Jewish causes; the Rothschild archive site attests: "In the Jewish community [in Britain] she was a generous, though often anonymous benefactor".^[13]

Kerkur 1878 1:63,360
Karkur 1928
Pardes Hanna (Rabye) and Kerkur 1932 1:20,000
Great synagogue of Pardes Hanna, established in 1936
Pardes Hanna, 1938
Pardes Hanna water tower 1930
Pardes Hanna and Karkur 1945 1:250,000
Beit Harishonim, Pardes Hanna
Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery, née de Rothschild, after whom Pardes Hanna is named; painted by Frederic Leighton

Demographics

According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, the population of Pardes Hanna-Karkur was 44,840 at end of 2022. The land area is 22,596 dunams (~22.6 km² [8.7 sq mi]). Pardes-Hanna is governed by the largest local council in Israel by population size (among towns without municipal status).

Education

The oldest and largest school in Pardes Hanna-Karkur is the Pardes Hanna Agricultural High School. It was established in 1934 by the Association of Farmers and was the first agricultural school to include a full academic matriculation program as part of its curriculum.^[14] Pardes Hanna-Karkur has six non-religious elementary schools, including a Democratic school, and four religious elementary schools, as well as the Rimon Waldorf School. A religious high-school for boys, Midrashiat Noam, was once considered the flagship of religious-Zionist education. Its graduates include former ministers Yitzhak Peretz, Benny Elon and Yaakov Neeman; journalists Haim Zisowitz, Yair Sheleg and Adam Baruch; and Labor Party Secretary-General Eitan Cabel.^[15] A religious high school for girls, Elisheva, is also located in Pardes Hanna.^[4]

Transportation

Pardes Hanna-Karkur is served by the Caesarea-Pardes Hanna railway Station and by buses run by Egged and Kavim. It is connected to Highway 4 by Road 651, to Highway 65 by Roads 650, 652 and 6502, and to Highway 70 by Road 652.

Notable residents

Gal Fridman, Olympic gold medal-winning windsurfer.
Shai Avivi, actor
Hanan Ben Ari, Israeli singer, songwriter, and composer.
Eden Hason, Mizrahi singer.
Pe'er Tasi, Mizrahi singer.
Aleeza Ben Shalom, matchmaker, relationship coach, and author.
Akiva Turgeman, Israeli singer.

References

^ ^a ^b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
^ Constantinoiu, Marina (29 September 2022). "A slice of life of the hipster Israeli town Pardes Hanna". ISRAEL21c. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
^ Marom, Roy (9 June 2021). "The Abu Hameds of Mulabbis: an oral history of a Palestinian village depopulated in the Late Ottoman period". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 50: 87–106. doi:10.1080/13530194.2021.1934817. ISSN 1353-0194. S2CID 236222143.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Pardes Hanna-Karkur, A General Real Estate Overview
^ "Palestine Census ( 1922)".
^ "Census of Palestine 1931. Population of villages, towns and administrative areas". 1932.
^ http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1945orig.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
^ Marom, Roy (2 July 2020). "RAF Ein Shemer: A Forgotten Case of Jewish and Arab Work in a British Army Camp in Palestine during the Second World War". War & Society. 39 (3): 203. doi:10.1080/07292473.2020.1786889. ISSN 0729-2473.
^ The Scotsman: 17, 18 April. Yaakov Meridor was reported to have been in command of the Irgun attackers. Those dead included Lieut-Colonel G.L. Hildebrand, Royal Artillery
^ Personal email correspondence between Pardes Hannah Rishonim Museum representative and Wikipedia editor, April 2022| "This [identification of Hanna Primrose as the source of the name given to Pardes Hanna] is information that was provided to the Pardes Hannah Rishonim Museum in the 1980s after a clarification was conducted at that time with the Rothschild family archives in London. Hannah Primrose's picture which hangs in the Rishonim Museum also came from the same source... We are aware that there are those who attribute the name to other women. The claims we receive usually rely on some measure of logic but not on information that has been confirmed."
^ rishonim.house| Pardes Hanna-Karkur Founders' House Museum
^ https://www.pardes-hanna-karkur.muni.il/101/ | datum from official site of Pardes Hanna-Karkur Municipality
^ "Hannah de Rothschild (1851-1890) | Rothschild Family".
^ "About Pardes Hanna-Karkur". Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
^ An educator's legacy