Plagiaulacida

Plagiaulacidans; Temporal range: Middle Jurassic–Cenomanian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Paulchoffatia skull
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Multituberculata
Suborder:	†Plagiaulacida
Families
	†Albionbaataridae; ; †Allodontidae; †Eobaataridae; †Paulchoffatiidae; †Pinheirodontidae; †Plagiaulacidae; †Zofiabaataridae;

Plagiaulacida is a group of extinct multituberculate mammals. Multituberculates were among the most common mammals of the Mesozoic, "the age of the dinosaurs". Plagiaulacids are a paraphyletic grouping, containing all multituberculates that lie outside of the advanced group Cimolodonta. They ranged from the Middle Jurassic Period to the early Late Cretaceous of the northern hemisphere. During the Cenomanian, they were replaced by the more advanced cimolodontans.^[1]

Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001) divides “Plagiaulacida” into three informal lineages, the paulchoffatiids, the plagiaulicids, and the allodontids.

Allodontid line

The Allodontid line may be a superfamily, Allodontoidea.

Both allodontids and paulchoffatiids (below) were among the most basal of the plagiaulacids. The Allodontid line contains:

The family Allodontidae is known from two genera from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of North America.

The family Zofiabaataridae contains a single genus, Zofiabaatar and is also from the Morrison Formation. The affinities of a further Morrison Formation genus, Glirodon, are unclear, but it's also within the Allodontid line.

Paulchoffatiid line

The Paulchoffatiid line may be a superfamily, Paulchoffatioidea.

Some remains from the Middle Jurassic of England might belong within this group. Representatives are best known from the Upper Jurassic, (especially from Guimarota, Portugal), though some were still extant during the Lower Cretaceous.

The genera of the family Paulchoffatiidae are divided into two of subfamilies, plus a couple of harder-to-place individuals:

Subfamily Paulchoffatiinae includes Paulchoffatia and its relatives. This taxon contains nine genera.
Subfamily Kuehneodontinae consists solely of the genus Kuehneodon, though there are half-a-dozen named species.

Other genera include Galveodon and Sunnyodon, both based on teeth from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and England respectively.

Also referable to the paulchoffatiid line, but not the family itself, is the family Pinheirodontidae, which is known from Early Cretaceous teeth found in Iberia and England. As well as Rugosodon from the Middle-Late Jurassic of China.

Plagiaulacid line (possibly Superfamily Plagiaulacoidea)

Family Plagiaulacidae is known from the Upper Jurassic (North America) to Lower Cretaceous (Europe), being represented by Plagiaulax, Bolodon, and Morrisonodon.

Family Albionbaataridae is known from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Asia, (China – undescribed, 2001). These were shrew-sized Multituberculates, with some similarities to the paulchoffis.

Members of the family Eobaataridae display dental similarities with members of Paracimexomys group, (Cimolodonta). They are known from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Asia.

Sinobaatar was described after the study by Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001). The Mongolian word ‘baatar’ is frequently employed in the nomenclature of Multituberculates. This reflects the fact that many of the most complete fossils have been recovered from sites in Mongolia, though this more applies to members of the more derived Cimolodonta.

A couple of further genera possibly fit somewhere within “Plagiaulacida”. This has been tentatively proposed for Janumys of the Middle Cretaceous. Its contemporary, Ameribaatar, is of uncertain affinities. Both were first described late in 2001.

Taxonomy

Subclass †Allotheria Marsh, 1880

Order †Multituberculata Cope, 1884:
- suborder †Plagiaulacida Simpson 1925
  - Family †Paulchoffatiidae Hahn, 1969
    - subfamily †Paulchoffatiinae Hahn, 1971
      - Genus †Paulchoffatia Kühne, 1961
        Species †P. delgador Kühne, 1961
      - Genus †Pseudobolodon Hahn, 1977
        Species †P. oreas Hahn, 1977
        
        Species †P. krebsi Hahn & Hahn, 1994
      - Genus †Henkelodon Hahn, 1987
        Species †H. naias Hahn, 1987
      - Genus †Guimarotodon Hahn, 1969
        Species †G. leiriensis Hahn, 1969
      - Genus †Meketibolodon (Hahn, 1978) Hahn, 1993
        Species †M. robustus (Hahn, 1978) Hahn, 1993
      - Genus †Plesiochoffatia Hahn & Hahn, 1999
        Species †P. thoas Hahn & Hahn, 1998
        
        Species †P. peparethos Hahn & Hahn, 1998
        
        Species †P. staphylos Hahn & Hahn, 1998
      - Genus †Xenachoffatia Hahn & Hahn, 1998
        Species †X. oinopion Hahn & Hahn, 1998
      - Genus †Bathmochoffatia Hahn & Hahn, 1998
        Species †B. hapax Hahn & Hahn, 1998
      - Genus †Kielanodon Hahn, 1987
        Species †K. hopsoni Hahn, 1987
      - Genus †Meketichoffatia Hahn, 1993
        Species †M. krausei Hahn, 1993
      - Genus †Galveodon Hahn & Hahn, 1992
        Species †G. nannothus Hahn & Hahn, 1992
      - Genus †Sunnyodon Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1992
        Species †S. notleyi Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1992
    - Subfamily †Kuehneodontinae Hahn, 1971
      - Genus †Kuehneodon Hahn, 1969
        Species †K. dietrichi Hahn, 1969
        
        Species †K. barcasensis Hahn & Hahn, 2001
        
        Species †K. dryas Hahn, 1977
        
        Species †K. guimarotensis Hahn, 1969
        
        Species †K. hahni Antunes, 1988
        
        Species †K. simpsoni Hahn, 1969
        
        Species †K. uniradiculatus Hahn, 1978
    - Family †Pinheirodontidae Hahn & Hahn, 1999
      - Genus †Pinheirodon Hahn & Hahn, 1999
        Species †P. pygmaeus Hahn & Hahn, 1999
        
        Species †P. vastus Hahn & Hahn, 1999
      - Genus †Bernardodon Hahn & Hahn, 1999
        Species †B. atlantica Hahn & Hahn, 1999
      - Genus †Gerhardodon Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1992
        Species †G. purbeckensis Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1992
      - Genus †Iberodon Hahn & Hahn, 1999
        Species †I. quadrituberculatus Hahn & Hahn, 1999
      - Genus †Lavocatia Canudo & Cuenca-Bescós, 1996
        Species †L. alfambrensis Canudo & Cuenca-Bescós, 1996
      - Genus †Ecprepaulax Hahn & Hahn, 1999
        Species †E. anomala Hahn & Hahn, 1999
    - Family †Allodontidae Marsh, 1889
      - Genus †Ctenacodon Marsh, 1879
        Species †C. serratus Marsh, 1879
        
        Species †C. nanus Marsh, 1881
        
        Species †C. laticeps Marsh, 1881
        
        Species †C. scindens Simpson, 1928
      - Genus †Psalodon Simpson, 1926
        Species †P. potens Marsh, 1887
        
        Species †P. fortis Marsh, 1887
        
        Species †P. marshi Simpson, 1929
    - Family †Zofiabaataridae Bakker, 1992
      - Genus †Zofiabaatar Bakker & Carpenter, 1990
        Species †Z. pulcher Bakker & Carpenter, 1990
    - Family Incertae sedis
      - Genus †Glirodon Engelmann & Callison, 2001
      - Species †G. grandis Engelmann & Callison, 2001
    - Family †Plagiaulacidae Gill, 1872
      - Genus †Morrisonodon Hahn and Hahn, 2004
        Species †M. brentbaatar Bakker, 1998
      - Genus †Plagiaulax Falconer, 1857
        Species †P. becklesii Falconer, 1857
      - Genus †Bolodon Owen, 1871
        Species †B. crassidens Owen, 1871
        
        Species †B. falconeri Owen, 1871
        
        Species †B. minor Falconer, 1857
        
        Species †B. osborni Simpson, 1928
        
        Species †B. elongatus Simpson, 1928
    - Family †Eobaataridae Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987
      - Genus †Eobaatar
        Species †E. magnus Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987
        
        Species †E. minor Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987
        
        Species †E. hispanicus Hahn & Hahn, 1992
        
        Species †E. pajaronensis Hahn & Hahn, 2001
      - Genus †Loxaulax Simpson, 1928
        Species †L. valdensis Simpson, 1928
      - Genus †Monobaatar Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987
        Species †M. mimicus Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987
      - Genus †Parendotherium Crusafont Pairó & Adrover, 1966
        Species †Parendotherium herreroi Crusafont Pairó & Adrover, 1966
      - Genus †Sinobaatar Hu & Wang, 2002
        Species †Sinobaatar lingyuanensis Hu & Wang, 2002
      - Genus †Heishanobaatar Kusuhashi et al., 2010
        Species †H. triangulus Kusuhashi et al., 2010
      - Genus †Teutonodon Martin et al 2016
        Species †Teutonodon langenbergensis Martin et al., 2016
    - Family †Albionbaataridae Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1994
      - Genus †Albionbaatar Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1994
        Species †A. denisae Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1994
      - Genus †Proalbionbaatar Hahn & Hahn, 1998
        Species †P. plagiocyrtus Hahn & Hahn, 1998
      - Genus †Kielanobaatar Kusuhashi et al., 2010
        Species †K. badaohaoensis Kusuhashi et al., 2010
    - Family †Arginbaataridae Hahn & Hahn, 1983
      - Genus †Arginbaatar Trofimov, 1980
        Species †Arginbaatar dmitrievae Trofimov, 1980

References

^ Weaver, Lucas N.; Wilson, Gregory P.; Krumenacker, L. J.; Mclaughlin, Kayla; Moore, Jason R.; Varricchio, David J. (2019-03-04). "New multituberculate mammals from the mid-Cretaceous (lower Cenomanian) Wayan Formation of southeastern Idaho and implications for the early evolution of Cimolodonta". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (2): e1604532. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1604532. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 196655261.

Hahn G & Hahn R (2000), Multituberculates from the Guimarota mine, p. 97-107 in
Martin T & Krebs B (eds), Guimarota - A Jurassic Ecosystem, Published by Dr Friedrich Pfeil, Münich, Germany.
Kielan-Jaworowska Z & Hurum JH (2001), Phylogeny and Systematics of multituberculate mammals. Paleontology 44, p. 389-429.
Much of this information has been derived from [1] Multituberculata Cope, 1884.