Pool Malebo

Pool Malebo
Pool Malebo
	Satellite image of the Pool Malebo; the capital cities of Brazzaville, ROC and Kinshasa, DRC are indicated.
	Pool Malebo Pool Malebo
Coordinates	4°16′55″S 15°29′19″E / 4.28194°S 15.48861°E
Lake type	Fluvial
Primary inflows	Congo River
Primary outflows	Congo River
Surface elevation	270 m (890 ft)
Islands	Mbamu
Settlements	Brazzaville, Kinshasa

The Pool Malebo, formerly Stanley Pool, also known as Mpumbu, Lake Nkunda or Lake Nkuna by local indigenous people in pre-colonial times,^[1]^[2] is a lake-like widening in the lower reaches of the Congo River.^[3] The river serves as the border between the Republic of the Congo to the north and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south.

The pool's former name was in honour of the British explorer and journalist Sir Henry Morton Stanley, who mapped this area.

History

In the late 19th century, British colonists named this natural feature Stanley Pool, after British explorer and journalist Henry Morton Stanley, who had mapped and reported on this region. When a railway was constructed nearby, a plaque was installed at Palaba to commemorate the rail line connecting Matadi to Stanley Pool.^[4]

Description

The Pool Malebo is about 35 kilometres (22 mi) long, 23 kilometres (14 mi) wide and 500 km² (190 sq mi) in surface area. Its central part is occupied by M'Bamou or Bamu Island^[3] (180 km² (69 sq mi)), which is Republic of the Congo territory.

The pool is shallow with depths of 3–10 m. But water levels may vary by as much as 3 m over the course of a year, because of seasonal flooding. The altitude here is an average of 272 metres (892 ft).

Geography

The capitals of the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo —Brazzaville and Kinshasa, respectively— are located on opposite shores of the southern part of Pool Malebo. These two capital cities are the closest geographically of any in the world (other than the contiguous Rome, Italy and Vatican City).

The Pool is the beginning of the navigable part of the Congo River upstream to the cities of Mbandaka, Kisangani and Bangui. Downstream, navigation of the river is blocked by its descent through hundreds of meters in a series of rapids known as the Livingstone Falls.^[5]^{: Vol.Two, 255} The river reaches sea level at the port of Boma, Congo, after a passage of 300 km.

Ecology

Flora

There are many palm and papyrus swamps along the edges of the river and pool. Floating mats of Eichhornia plants move on the river and drift through the pool.^[6]

Fish

Most fish endemic to the area are catfishes, including the mountain catfish, L. brieni, Leptoglanis mandevillei, L. bouilloni and Atopochilus chabanaudi, an upside-down catfish.^[6] More than 200 fish species have been documented. Mormyrids are the most common, with over 40 species, and have the highest diversification.^[6]

Aerial view of Pool Malebo from above Kinshasa
Stanley's route is depicted by the solid black line.
View of Stanley Pool from Leopoldville, 1889 (now Kinshasa)

References

^ William Graham Lister Randles, L’ancien royaume du Congo des origines à la fin du XIXe siècle, Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2013, p. 44
^ Sylvie Ayimpam, Vie matérielle, échanges et capitalisme sur la rive méridionale du Pool du fleuve Congo (1815-1930), Centre d’Étude des Mondes Africains (CEMAf), 2006, p. 4
^ ^a ^b "Malebo Pool". Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed June 2011.
^ "Kongo Central province (Democratic Republic of the Congo), plaque at Palabala commemorating the railway". collections.lib.uwm.edu.
^ Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One ISBN 0486256677, Vol. Two ISBN 0486256685
^ ^a ^b ^c "Malebo Pool" Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine. "Freshwater Ecoregions of the World". The Nature Conservancy. Accessed June 2011.