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Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions...

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical...

Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the constituents of body tissue and also serve as a fuel source. As fuel, proteins...

types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first...

Protein–protein interaction screening refers to the identification of Protein–protein interaction with high-throughput screening methods such as computer-...

Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins through the design and production of unnatural polypeptides, often by altering...

Protein precipitation is widely used in downstream processing of biological products in order to concentrate proteins and purify them from various contaminants...

Whey protein is a mixture of proteins isolated from whey, the liquid material created as a by-product of cheese production. The proteins consist of α-lactalbumin...

Pea protein is a food product and protein supplement derived and extracted from yellow and green split peas, Pisum sativum. It can be used as a dietary...

Protein toxicity is the effect of the buildup of protein metabolic waste compounds, like urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine. Protein toxicity has...

A prion (/ˈpriːɒn/ ) is a misfolded protein that induces folding problems in normal variants of the same protein, leading to cellular death. Prions are...

Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is encoded by the spa gene and its regulation...

Fusion proteins or chimeric proteins (literally, made of parts from different sources) are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes that...

Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein, after synthesis by a ribosome as a linear chain of amino acids, changes from an unstable random...

binding protein Telomere-binding protein RNA-binding protein Poly(A)-binding protein Nuclear cap-binding protein complex CREB-binding protein Calcium-binding...

A protein deacetylase is any enzyme that removes acetyl groups from lysine amino acids in proteins. That is, it performs deacetylation. The main ones are...

A protein corona is a dynamic coating of biomolecules, usually proteins, around the surface of a nanoparticle that forms spontaneously in colloidal nanomaterials...

Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed...

In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex or multimer formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently...

protein may refer to: M protein (Streptococcus), a virulence factor of the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes Viral matrix protein, structural protein linking...

Coat protein may refer to: Viral coat protein, a component of the capsid Variable surface glycoproteins or procyclins, surface coat proteins of either...

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common forms of reversible protein posttranslational modification (PTM), with up to 30% of all proteins being...

of proteins. Understanding protein–protein interactions is important for the investigation of intracellular signaling pathways, modelling of protein complex...

The tau proteins (abbreviated from tubulin associated unit) form a group of six highly soluble protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing from the...

Hydrolyzed protein is a solution derived from the hydrolysis of a protein into its component amino acids and/or peptides. Hydrolyzing down to the amino...

In virology, a spike protein or peplomer protein is a protein that forms a large structure known as a spike or peplomer projecting from the surface of...

polypeptide chain. Protein complexes are a form of quaternary structure. Proteins in a protein complex are linked by non-covalent protein–protein interactions...

contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as transporters, and peripheral proteins that attach to the...

A protein supplement is a dietary supplement or a bodybuilding supplement, and usually comes in the form of a protein bar, protein powder, and even readily...

Protein quality is the digestibility and quantity of essential amino acids for providing the proteins in correct ratios for human consumption. There are...

developed by DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet, which performs predictions of protein structure. It is designed using deep learning techniques. AlphaFold 1 (2018)...

Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside...

Adaptor protein may refer to: Signal transducing adaptor protein Vesicular transport adaptor protein Clathrin adaptor protein, also known as adaptin This...

Protein combining or protein complementing is a dietary theory for protein nutrition that purports to optimize the biological value of protein intake....

The family of non-collagenous proteins known as SIBLING proteins, standing for small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein, are components of...

Protein biosynthesis, or protein synthesis, is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation...

Lattice proteins are highly simplified models of protein-like heteropolymer chains on lattice conformational space which are used to investigate protein folding...

Rice protein is a vegan protein isolate made from rice. It is often used as an alternative to the more common whey and soy protein isolates. To make it...

protein in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Protein is an organic compound made of amino acids. Protein may also refer to: Protein (nutrient) Protein...

Protein bars are convenience food that contain a high proportion of protein relative to carbohydrates and fats. Despite the label focusing on protein...

molecules of DNA or RNA that encode the structure of the proteins by which the virus acts; (ii) a protein coat, the capsid, which surrounds and protects the...

Protein design is the rational design of new protein molecules to design novel activity, behavior, or purpose, and to advance basic understanding of protein...

A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases...

Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending...

Target proteins are functional biomolecules that are addressed and controlled by biologically active compounds. They are used in the processes of transduction...

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentration rises in response to inflammation...

prion protein (PrP) is encoded in the human body by the PRNP gene also known as CD230 (cluster of differentiation 230). Expression of the protein is most...

transport protein (variously referred to as a transmembrane pump, transporter, escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion...

amounts of greenhouse gas emissions per gram of edible protein of any food (1.6 kg CO2/ 100 g protein). The English word "tofu" comes from Japanese tōfu (豆腐)...

In biochemistry, globular proteins or spheroproteins are spherical ("globe-like") proteins and are one of the common protein types (the others being fibrous...

Protein footprinting is a term used to refer to a method of biochemical analysis that investigates protein structure, assembly, and interactions within...

Protein detection is used for clinical diagnosis, treatment and biological research. Protein detection evaluates the concentration and amount of different...

The wheat protein premium refers to the price differential (expressed as cents or dollars per bushel) that a high-protein wheat normally commands over...

In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinases whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA...

molecular chaperones are proteins that assist the conformational folding or unfolding of proteins or macromolecular protein complexes. There are a number...

Protein FAM46B also known as Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene TENT5B (previously FAM46B). FAM46B contains...

Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin...

Methuselah-like 5 is a protein that in Drosophila is encoded by the Mthl5 (also known as Gia) gene. Methuselah-like 5 is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)...

In molecular biology, protein aggregation is a phenomenon in which intrinsically-disordered or misfolded proteins aggregate (clump together) and accumulate...

Textured or texturized vegetable protein (TVP), also known as textured soy protein, soy meat, or soya chunks, is a defatted soy flour product, a by-product...

Hemp protein is a plant-derived protein from the cannabis plant and is isolated from hemp seeds (a type of nut). The protein content of whole hemp seeds...

Cingulin-like protein 1, also known as paracingulin or junction-associated-coiled-coil protein (JACOP), is a protein which is encoded by the CGNL1 gene...

molecular biology, protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides and ultimately into amino acids. Protein catabolism is a key...

Omega Protein Corporation was a publicly traded US company, founded in 1913 as a fishing operation. As of 2015 it still operated a fishing fleet, and...

A secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes...

factors) are a class of proteins that are closely related members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors. These proteins are secreted and play a...

Protein moonlighting is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. It is an example of gene sharing. Ancestral moonlighting proteins...

Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide. This may serve to identify the...

The Protein Society is an international, not-for-profit, scholarly society with the mission to provide forums for the advancement of research into protein...

Strabismus was originally identified as a Drosophila protein involved in planar cell polarity. Flies with mutated strabismus genes have altered development...

molecular biology, proteins are generally thought to adopt unique structures determined by their amino acid sequences. However, proteins are not strictly...

A complete protein or whole protein is a food source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of each of the nine essential amino acids necessary...

In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together...

A protein microarray (or protein chip) is a high-throughput method used to track the interactions and activities of proteins, and to determine their function...

Copper proteins are proteins that contain one or more copper ions as prosthetic groups. Copper proteins are found in all forms of air-breathing life. These...

nucleic acid to protein may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid is impossible. Information here means the...

Protein is a 2024 crime thriller film directed by Tony Burke (in his feature debut), based on his 2014 short film of the same name. It stars Craig Russell...

Protein splicing is an intramolecular reaction of a particular protein in which an internal protein segment (called an intein) is removed from a precursor...

Protein SET, also known as Protein SET 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SET gene. Protein SET has been shown to interact with: Acidic...

cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals. For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients...

biochemistry, protein carbonylation refers to oxidation of the side chains of proteins to introduce ketone (>C=O) and aldehyde (−CH=O) groups in a protein. The...

many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are...

Rieske proteins are iron–sulfur protein (ISP) components of cytochrome bc1 complexes and cytochrome b6f complexes and are responsible for electron transfer...

Antiviral proteins are proteins that are induced by human or animal cells to interfere with viral replication. These proteins are isolated to inhibit...

P protein, also known as melanocyte-specific transporter protein or pink-eyed dilution protein homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the oculocutaneous...

inhibited by proteins produced by the cell; these inhibitory proteins target retinoblastoma tumor-suppressing proteins. These tumor-suppressing proteins regulate...

Protein expression may refer to: Gene expression, the processes that convert the information of DNA genes into a functional copies of mRNA in living cells...

Fluorescent proteins include: Green fluorescent protein (GFP) Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) Red fluorescent protein (RFP) This set index article includes...

may include venous insufficiency, heart failure, kidney problems, low protein levels, liver problems, deep vein thrombosis, infections, kwashiorkor,...

Protein C, also known as autoprothrombin IIA and blood coagulation factor XIV, is a zymogen, that is, an inactive enzyme. The activated form plays an...

'to bind'. In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The binding typically...

transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateways...

proteins are members of a class of proteins which dictate the stereochemistry of a compound synthesized by other enzymes. The first dirigent protein was...

Protein therapeutics are proteins used as experimental or approved therapies for disease states. They include "monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), peptide hormones...

Protein G is an immunoglobulin-binding protein expressed in group C and G streptococcal bacteria much like protein A but with differing binding specificities...

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit...

Fetal proteins are high levels of proteins present during the fetal stage of development. Often related proteins assume similar roles after birth or in...

Protein L was first isolated from the surface of bacterial species Peptostreptococcus magnus and was found to bind immunoglobulins through L chain interaction...

Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) is a complex of activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI). It has been measured in coagulation...

Protein tags are peptide sequences genetically grafted onto a recombinant protein. Tags are attached to proteins for various purposes. They can be added...

A protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF) diet is a type of a very-low-calorie diet (<800 kcal per day) with a high proportion of protein calories and simultaneous...

More Protein is a record label started by Boy George and Jeremy Healy in 1989. It was created after finding a label to release the Jeremy Healy produced...

Staufen is a protein product of a maternally expressed gene first identified in Drosophila melanogaster. The protein has been implicated in helping regulate...

Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is a family of maize varieties with enhanced nutritional quality. QPM grain contains nearly twice as much lysine and tryptophan...

Protein Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the structure, function, and biochemical significance of proteins, their role...

a protein trimer is a macromolecular complex formed by three, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids. A protein trimer...

Highwire (Hiw) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein associated with neuromuscular junction growth. It is frequently studied in Drosophila melanogaster. Its...

Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase...

cytoskeletal protein. In humans, it is a tumor suppressor protein involved in neurofibromatosis type II. Sequence data reveal its similarity to the ERM protein family...

Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in...

A transformer protein (TFP) also known as a metamorphic protein is a protein that can interconvert between two or more shapes (also known as folds) each...

XK (also known as Kell blood group precursor) is a protein found on human red blood cells and other tissues which is responsible for the Kx antigen which...

activated protein C (APC). Protein C is activated in a sequence that starts with Protein C and thrombin binding to a cell surface protein thrombomodulin...

Protein crystallization is the process of formation of a regular array of individual protein molecules stabilized by crystal contacts. If the crystal is...

A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational...

is an antibody that works within the cell to bind to an intracellular protein. Due to the lack of a reliable mechanism for bringing antibodies into a...

surface penetration occurring. The adsorption of larger biomolecules such as proteins is of high physiological relevance, and as such they adsorb with different...

G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved...

Rho protein may refer to: Rho GTPase, a member of Rho family of GTPases Rho factor, a bacterial protein involved in transcription termination This set...

CCN proteins are a family of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins involved in intercellular signaling. Due to their dynamic role within the...

In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest...

Protein Power is a high-protein, low carbohydrate fad diet developed by physician Michael R. Eades and his wife Mary Dan Eades. The Eades promoted the...

such a protein are monoclonal protein, M protein, M component, M spike, spike protein, or paraprotein. This proliferation of the myeloma protein has several...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors...

Sonic hedgehog protein (SHH) is a major signaling molecule of embryonic development in planulozoan animals, encoded by the SHH gene. This signaling molecule...

M1 protein is a matrix protein of the influenza virus. It forms a coat inside the viral envelope. This is a bifunctional membrane/RNA-binding protein that...

Knotted proteins are proteins whose backbones entangle themselves in a knot. One can imagine pulling a protein chain from both termini, as though pulling...

Plasma proteins, sometimes referred to as blood proteins, are proteins present in blood plasma. They perform many different functions, including transport...

Titin (/ˈtaɪtɪn/; also called connectin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTN gene. The protein, which is over 1 μm in length, functions as...

Soy protein is a protein that is isolated from soybean. It is made from soybean meal that has been dehulled and defatted. Dehulled and defatted soybeans...

Protein–ligand docking is a molecular modelling technique. The goal of protein–ligand docking is to predict the position and orientation of a ligand (a...

Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. The proteome is the entire set of proteins produced or modified by an organism or system. Proteomics is...

A mutant protein is the protein product encoded by a gene with mutation. Mutated protein can have single amino acid change (minor, but still in many cases...

A pentameric protein is a quaternary protein structure that consists of five protein subunits. If all subunits are identical, the protein in a homopentamer...

In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are proteins that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems. These signals...

Protein Wisdom may refer to: Protein Wisdom (blog) – a conservative-libertarian weblog created by Jeff Goldstein "Protein Wisdom" – a low-protein diet...

sequence at 3' end. Proteins: consisting of gag proteins, protease (PR), pol proteins, and env proteins. Group-specific antigen (gag) proteins are major components...

with diverse cellular Activities) proteins (more commonly referred to as "triple-A ATPases") are a large group of protein family sharing a common conserved...

SNARE proteins (soluble NSF attachment protein receptors) are a large protein family consisting of at least 24 members in yeasts and more than 60 members...

the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Ideally, to study a protein of interest...

Protein topology is a property of protein molecule that does not change under deformation (without cutting or breaking a bond). Two main topology frameworks...

Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids (anabolism), and the breakdown of...

uncoupling protein (UCP) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is a regulated proton channel or transporter. An uncoupling protein is thus capable...

Protein Works, previously known as The Protein Works is a British functional food brand that makes protein shakes, meal replacements, complete meals, snacks...

In biochemistry, a hypothetical protein is a protein whose existence has been predicted, but for which there is a lack of experimental evidence that it...

A nuclear protein is a protein found in the cell nucleus. Proteins are transported inside the nucleus with they help of the nuclear pore complex, which...

"value" of various kinds of protein. Measures include the biological value, net protein utilization, protein efficiency ratio, protein digestibility corrected...

Artemis is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCLRE1C (DNA cross-link repair 1C) gene. Artemis is a nuclear protein that is involved in V(D)J recombination...

some other protein. Protein mimetics are commonly used in drug design and discovery. There are a number of different distinct classes of protein mimetics...

a protein structure database is a database that is modeled around the various experimentally determined protein structures. The aim of most protein structure...

producing proteins that are secreted into the blood, including major plasma proteins, factors in hemostasis and fibrinolysis, carrier proteins, hormones...

Protein BTG3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTG3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BTG/Tob family. This family...

Protein methylation is a type of post-translational modification featuring the addition of methyl groups to proteins. It can occur on the nitrogen-containing...

In molecular biology, the hexon protein is a major coat protein found in adenoviruses. Hexon coat proteins are synthesised during late infection and form...

Protein fingerprinting can refer to any of the several methods for identifying or differentiating proteins: Peptide mass fingerprinting, a method developed...

also /-tɑːn/ -⁠tahn; Japanese: セイタン) is a food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat. It is also known as miànjīn (Chinese: 麵筋), fu (Japanese: 麩),...

The metabolic window (also called the anabolic window or protein window) is a term used in strength training to describe the 2 hour (may depend on the...

Twinkle protein also known as twinkle mtDNA helicase is a mitochondrial protein that in humans is encoded by the TWNK gene (also known as C10orf2 or PEO1)...

Nuclear protein) also known as GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAN gene. Ran is a small 25 kDa protein that...

Protein detoxification is the process by which proteins containing methylated arginine are broken down and removed from the body. Arginine (Arg) is a...

A movement protein (MP) is a specific virus-encoded protein that is thought to be a general feature of plant genomes. For a virus to infect a plant, it...

protein or a functional RNA molecule. This process involves multiple steps, including the transcription of the gene's sequence into RNA. For protein-coding...

adaptors which can regulate the activity of other proteins through their ability to mediate protein-protein interactions. This family contains members in...

Amyloidosis is a group of diseases in which abnormal proteins, known as amyloid fibrils, build up in tissue. There are several non-specific and vague signs...

subunit arrangements are observed in protein structures. A dodecamer (protein) is a protein complex with 12 protein subunits. A common subunit arrangement...

to investigate protein–protein interactions which are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules. This...

Protein methods are the techniques used to study proteins. There are experimental methods for studying proteins (e.g., for detecting proteins, for isolating...

by a prion, an infectious, abnormally folded variant of a protein called the prion protein. About 85% of cases of CJD occur for unknown reasons ('sporadic...

Protein structure prediction is the inference of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence—that is, the prediction of...

The Protein Information Resource (PIR), located at Georgetown University Medical Center, is an integrated public bioinformatics resource to support genomic...

and groups of viral proteins include structural proteins, nonstructural proteins, regulatory proteins, and accessory proteins. Viruses are non-living...

Ubiquitin-like MOdifier) proteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins in cells to modify their...

prostaglandin), peptides (e.g. insulin, ACTH), carbohydrates, glycosylated proteins (proteoglycans), nucleic acids, etc. Peptide and lipid ligands are particularly...

fibrous proteins or scleroproteins are one of the three main classifications of protein structure (alongside globular and membrane proteins). Fibrous...

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a type I transmembrane protein that functions as an immune checkpoint and is encoded by the VSIR gene...

design, drug discovery, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, prediction of gene expression and protein–protein interactions, genome-wide...

membrane attack complex. About 50 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including plasma proteins, and cell membrane receptors. They...

minor whey proteins. Sweet whey and acid whey are similar in gross nutritional analysis. By mass both contain 93% water, about 0.8% protein, and about...

smooth protein shell; this structure is similar to the dengue fever virus, another Flavivirus. The protein shell is made of two structural proteins: the...

biology, protein turnover refers to the replacement of older proteins as they are broken down within the cell. Different types of proteins have very...

CDK1 or cell division cycle protein 2 homolog is a highly conserved protein that functions as a serine/threonine protein kinase, and is a key player in...

functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of various proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans...

gem-associated protein (GEMIN) may refer to: Gem-associated protein 2 Gem-associated protein 3 Gem-associated protein 4 Gem-associated protein 5 Gem-associated...

A membrane-bound protein, is a protein that is bound (attached) to a biological membrane, may refer to: Integral membrane protein (permanently attached...

Kelch proteins (and Kelch-like proteins) are a widespread group of proteins that contain multiple Kelch motifs. The kelch domain generally occurs as a...

Protein music or, more broadly, genetic music (including DNA music) is a musical technique where music is composed by converting protein sequences or DNA...

Protein quaternary structure is the fourth (and highest) classification level of protein structure. Protein quaternary structure refers to the structure...

In cell biology, Dullard protein is a protein coding gene involved in neural development. It is a member of DXDX(T/V) phosphatase family and is a potential...

Retinylidene proteins, or rhodopsins in a broad sense, are proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light reception. They are the molecular basis...

Protein was an American punk, alternative, post-grunge, metal band, formed in 1994 in San Francisco, California, United States. Forming their first band...

Protein Z (PZ or PROZ), vitamin K-dependent protein Z, is a protein encoded in the human by the PROZ gene. Protein Z is a member of the coagulation cascade...

Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs), or accessory gland proteins (Acps), are one of the non-sperm components of semen. In many animals with internal fertilization...

Protein nanotechnology is a field of research that integrates the diverse physicochemical properties of proteins with nanoscale technology. This field...

Protein A/G is a recombinant fusion protein that combines IgG binding domains of both protein A and protein G. Protein A/G contains four Fc binding domains...

Protein-truncating variants (PTVs) are genetic variants predicted to shorten the coding sequence of genes, through ways like a stop-gain mutation. PTV...

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. The label GFP...

Kaede is a photoactivatable fluorescent protein naturally originated from a stony coral, Trachyphyllia geoffroyi. Its name means "maple" in Japanese....

Storage proteins serve as biological reserves of metal ions and amino acids, used by organisms. They are found in plant seeds, egg whites, and milk. Ferritin...

Protein database may refer to: Any protein structure database Any protein sequence database Exact names "Protein" database of the National Institute of...

Ku is a dimeric protein complex that binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair...

The net protein utilization (NPU) is the percentage of ingested nitrogen that is retained in the body. It is used to determine the nutritional efficiency...

Chickpea protein is obtained from chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) using different extraction processes based either on the isoelectric pH point, air classification...

Capicua transcriptional repressor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CIC gene. Capicua functions as a transcriptional repressor in a way that...

Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CISH gene. CISH orthologs have been identified in most mammals...

integral membrane protein found on activated antigen-presenting cells (APC) that, when paired with either a CD28 or CD152 (CTLA-4) surface protein on a T cell...

(German for a type of noodle) is an evolutionarily-conserved arthropod protein first identified in Drosophila melanogaster. It plays a role in embryonic...

by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life. Amino acids can be classified...

Prickle is also known as REST/NRSF-interacting LIM domain protein, which is a putative nuclear translocation receptor. Prickle is part of the non-canonical...

Koji protein refers to biomass derived from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, cultivated for use as an alternative protein source in food and...

Translocator protein (TSPO) is an 18 kDa protein mainly found on the outer mitochondrial membrane. It was first described as peripheral benzodiazepine...

interacting protein (ERBB2IP), also known as erbin, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ERBB2IP gene. Discovered in 1997, erbin is a 200kDa protein containing...

Unconventional protein secretion (known as ER/Golgi-independent protein secretion or nonclassical protein export) represents a manner in which the proteins are delivered...

The Catabolite repression control (Crc) protein participates in suppressing expression of several genes involved in utilization of carbon sources in Pseudomonas...

Protein subfamily is a level of protein classification, based on their close evolutionary relationship. It is below the larger levels of protein superfamily...

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP or SPE) is a laboratory test that examines specific proteins in the blood called globulins. The most common indications...

LYRM protein (Leucine-Tyrosine-Arginine motif) also known as LYRMs, are a superfamily of small (11–22 kDa), basic, predominantly mitochondrial proteins found...

Aladin, also known as adracalin, is a nuclear envelope protein that in humans is encoded by the AAAS gene. It is named after the achalasia–addisonianism–alacrima...

the native secondary, and/or tertiary, and/or quaternary structures of proteins or nucleic acids resulting in a loss of bioactivity. Note 1: Modified from...

membrane protein (IMP) is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. All transmembrane proteins can be classified...

Ci protein, short for Cubitus interruptus, is a zinc finger containing transcription factor involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In the absence...

complement protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP). In humans, protein S is encoded by the PROS1 gene. Protein S plays a role in coagulation. Protein S is named...

biology the SeqA protein is found in bacteria and archaea. The function of this protein is highly important in DNA replication. The protein negatively regulates...

Protein & Cell is a monthly peer-reviewed open access journal covering protein and cell biology. It was established in 2010 and is published by Springer...

Ku70 is a heterodimeric protein made up of Ku70 and Ku80, which together form Ku. In humans, is encoded by the XRCC6 gene. Ku70 plays a critical role...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to a stressor. They were first described in relation to the...

biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein–protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking...

Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells. They do this by converting chemical energy into mechanical...

Protein M (locus MG281) is an immunoglobulin-binding protein originally found on the cell surface of the human pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium...

Protein tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a protein. The tertiary structure will have a single polypeptide chain "backbone" with one...

Maltose-binding protein (MBP) is a part of the maltose/maltodextrin system of Escherichia coli, which is responsible for the uptake and efficient catabolism...

Small proteins are a diverse fold class of proteins (usually <100 amino acids long). Their tertiary structure is usually maintained by disulphide bridges...

Polypeptides that have a molecular mass of 10,000 Da or more are called proteins. Chains of fewer than twenty amino acids are called oligopeptides, and...

A protein skimmer or foam fractionator is a device used to remove organic compounds such as food and waste particles from water. It is most commonly used...

A conjugated protein is a protein that functions in interaction with other (non-polypeptide) chemical groups attached by covalent bonding or weak interactions...

chloroplast proteins Membrane protein Integral membrane protein Peripheral membrane protein Extracellular matrix proteins Blood protein Mammalian proteins Vertebrate...

Protein–energy undernutrition (PEU), once called protein–energy malnutrition (PEM), is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of conditions...

Ancient proteins are complex mixtures and the term palaeoproteomics is used to characterise the study of proteomes in the past. Ancients proteins have been...

codes for three structural proteins (capsid protein C, membrane protein M, envelope protein E) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a...

In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are...

ZAP-70 (Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70) is a protein normally expressed near the surface membrane of lymphocytes (T cells, natural killer cells...

Protein BEX1 also known as brain-expressed X-linked protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEX1 gene. BEX1 is a part of the BEX gene family...

rapamycin is a serine-threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and...

In enzymology, a protein xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction in which a beta-D-xylosyl residue is transferred...

brassinosteroid), amino acid derivatives (e.g. epinephrine and auxin), protein or peptides (e.g. insulin and CLE peptides), and gases (e.g. ethylene and...

economies and cultures around the world. Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat. Its quality is affected by many factors, including the genetics...

biochemist and computational biologist who has pioneered methods to design proteins and predict their three-dimensional structures. He is the Henrietta and...

While prokaryotes do not possess eukaryotic organelles, some do contain protein-shelled bacterial microcompartments, which are thought to act as primitive...

36 protein or ectoplasmic specialization protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ESPN gene. Espin is a microfilament binding protein. Espin...

Nef (Negative Regulatory Factor) is a small, 27–35 kDa myristoylated protein encoded by primate lentiviruses. These include human immunodeficiency viruses...

Mycoprotein (lit. "protein from fungus"), also known as mycelium-based protein or fungal protein, is a form of single-cell protein derived from fungi...

Smaug is a RNA-binding protein in Drosophila that helps in maternal to zygotic transition (MZT). The protein is named after the fictional character Smaug...

(9; 22) (q34; q11)] results in the fusion gene BCR::ABL1. The oncogenic protein with persistently enhanced tyrosine kinase (TK) activity transcribed by...

Filamin-C (FLN-C) also known as actin-binding-like protein (ABPL) or filamin-2 (FLN2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLNC gene. Filamin-C...

crowding allows as many as 84 unique protein coding genes by 94 putative ORFs. These genes encode a variety of proteins involved in forming the capsid, tegument...

myeloma is diagnosed based on blood or urine tests finding abnormal antibody proteins (often using electrophoretic techniques revealing the presence of a monoclonal...

a protein-to-phospholipid ratio similar to that of the cell membrane (about 1:1 by weight). It contains large numbers of integral membrane proteins called...

genome is utilized for coding proteins. An interesting feature of this viral genome is that it has a terminal 55 kDa protein associated with each of the...

SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats...

A low-protein diet is a diet in which people decrease their intake of protein. A low-protein diet is used as a therapy for inherited metabolic disorders...

Alzheimer's disease. The peptides derive from the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), which is cleaved by beta secretase and gamma secretase to yield...

GcMAF (or Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor) is a protein produced by modification of vitamin D-binding protein. It has been falsely promoted...

CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) is a trifunctional multi-domain enzyme involved in the...

The inhibitor protein (IP) is situated in the mitochondrial matrix and protects the cell against rapid ATP hydrolysis during momentary ischaemia. In oxygen...

Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor...

A protein superfamily is the largest grouping (clade) of proteins for which common ancestry can be inferred (see homology). Usually this common ancestry...

molecular biology, protein fold classes are broad categories of protein tertiary structure topology. They describe groups of proteins that share similar...

A protein family is a group of evolutionarily related proteins. In many cases, a protein family has a corresponding gene family, in which each gene encodes...

galactose permease or GalP found in Escherichia coli is an integral membrane protein involved in the transport of monosaccharides, primarily hexoses, for utilization...

biology, a protein subunit is a polypeptide chain or single protein molecule that assembles (or "coassembles") with others to form a protein complex. Large...

Hemoglobin (haemoglobin, Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transportation of oxygen in red blood cells. Almost all vertebrates...

GTPase-activating proteins or GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAPs) are a family of regulatory proteins whose members can bind to activated G proteins and stimulate...

proteomics refers to the use of bottom-up proteomics techniques in identifying proteins in complex mixtures using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography...

digest solid food. Milk contains many nutrients, including calcium and protein, as well as lactose and saturated fat; the enzyme lactase is needed to...

EosFP is a photoactivatable green to red fluorescent protein. Its green fluorescence (516 nm) switches to red (581 nm) upon UV irradiation of ~390 nm...

Single-cell proteins (SCP) or microbial proteins refer to edible unicellular microorganisms. The biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures...

Transmembrane protein 151B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM151B gene. The Transmembrane protein 151B gene is also known as TMEM151B...

Protein K may refer to: Protein K (porin), a porin expressed in pathogenic strains of E. coli Protein K (gene expression), a DNA- and RNA-binding protein...

small, very hydrophobic proteins that destabilise the function of many membrane proteins in the infected cell. The E5 protein of some animal papillomavirus...

Protein translocase may refer to: Translocon complexes SecY and Sec61 Translocase of the inner membrane Translocase of the outer membrane See also Sorting...

to the stability to the entropically unfavorable folded conformation of proteins. Although non-covalent interactions are known to be relatively weak interactions...

mammalian milk, comprising about 80% of the proteins in cow's milk and between 20% and 60% of the proteins in human milk. Sheep and cow milk have a higher...

therapeutic protein, monoclonal antibodies, and living medicines used in cell therapy. Biopharmaceuticals can be composed of sugars, proteins, nucleic acids...

host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from...

The RNA-binding Proteins Database (RBPDB) is a biological database of RNA-binding protein specificities that includes experimental observations of RNA-binding...

The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated Rb or pRb; gene name abbreviated Rb, RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional...

the found by PSI-BLAST proteins to the known families. The unclassified proteins are grouped according to similarity. PSI Protein Classifier allows to measure...

Nestin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NES gene. Nestin (acronym for neuroepithelial stem cell protein) is a type VI intermediate filament...

Branchpoint Binding Protein (BBP) is an Orem RNA processing factor found in yeast. The protein complex binds to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in the pre-mRNA...

The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and...

HLA-DO functions as the accessory protein. Both HLA-DM and HLA-DO interact with each other to act as chaperone proteins and prevent the denaturing of MHC...

Protein Sciences Corporation is a biotech company based in Meriden, Connecticut. The company develops and produces vaccines and biopharmaceuticals for...

substitute, also referred to as a plant-based meat, mock meat, or alternative protein, is a food product that is made from vegetarian or vegan ingredients and...

Glutamate-rich protein 3, also known as Uncharacterized Protein C1orf173, is a protein encoded by the ERICH3 gene. ERICH3 was named "chromosome 1 open...

morphogenetic protein 7 or BMP7 (also known as osteogenic protein-1 or OP-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP7 gene. The protein encoded by...

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) is a method of evaluating the quality of a protein based on both the amino acid requirements...

RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP protein) in species of Bacillus and related bacteria. This protein is encoded by the MtrB gene. TRAP protein forms an oligomer...

grain (the grass fruit) used in flour—the endosperm or protein/starchy part, the germ or protein/fat/vitamin-rich part, and the bran or fiber part—there...

which indicates that their biological function mainly depends on protein–protein interactions. Those ADAMs which are active proteases are classified...

Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) comprise a large superfamily of transmembrane protein channels that are grouped together on the basis of homology. The...

Filamin A, alpha (FLNA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLNA gene. The structure of filamin A, alpha includes an actin binding N terminal...

BEX1: encoding protein Brain-expressed X-linked protein 1 BEX2: encoding protein Brain-expressed X-linked protein 2 BEX4: encoding protein Brain expressed...

shock protein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other proteins to fold properly, stabilizes proteins against heat stress, and aids in protein degradation...

VirA is a protein histidine kinase which senses certain sugars and phenolic compounds. These compounds are typically found from wounded plants, and as...

by matrix protein and an envelope containing viral glycoproteins. There are 11 proteins, described further in the table below. Surface protein G (glycoprotein)...

Centrosomal protein 131 also known as 5-azacytidine-induced protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEP131 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release...

elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. Carbohydrates may be entirely absent, or substituted for a portion of the protein; this choice has important...

spaces between various animal cells. Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the...

Polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins (PGIPs), also known as polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins, are plant proteins capable of inhibiting the action...

different species of Drosophila suggested that, if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, the result is likely to be harmful, with an estimated...

in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. Numerous proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and...

Calmodulin-binding proteins are, as their name implies, proteins which bind calmodulin. Calmodulin can bind to a variety of proteins through a two-step...

Transmembrane protein 254 is a transmembrane protein that is encoded by the TMEM254 gene, it is predicted to have many orthologs across eukaryotes. TMEM254...

The tubby protein is encoded by the TUB gene. It is an upstream cell signaling protein common to multicellular eukaryotes. The first tubby gene was identified...

transmembrane protein. The transmembrane proteins interacts with Gɑβ𝛾. Gαs separates from Gβ𝛾 and interacts with the transmembrane protein adenylyl cyclase...

Members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family are intracellular transcription factors that mediate many aspects...

term used in drug discovery to describe a biological target (such as a protein) that is known or predicted to bind with high affinity to a drug. Importantly...

strips measure chemical properties such as pH, glucose concentration, and protein levels; and microscopy is performed to identify elements such as cells...

Protein BTG4 also known as BTG family member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTG4 gene (B-cell translocation gene 4). BTG4 has anti-proliferative...

Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to blood proteins within the blood plasma. A drug's efficacy may be affected by...

Protein BTG2 also known as BTG family member 2 or NGF-inducible anti-proliferative protein PC3 or NGF-inducible protein TIS21, is a protein that in humans...

bone marrow failure. FA is the result of a genetic defect in a cluster of proteins responsible for DNA repair via homologous recombination. The well-known...

Lipid-anchored proteins (also known as lipid-linked proteins) are proteins that are covalently attached to lipids embedded into biological membranes....

Citrullinated protein may refer to: Any protein having undergone citrullination The proteins (often cyclic ones) being the targets of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies...

Cameleon is an engineered protein based on variant of green fluorescent protein used to visualize calcium levels in living cells. It is a genetically...

domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUBCN gene. Rubicon is one of the...

Protein replacement therapy is a medical treatment that supplements or replaces a protein in patients in whom that particular protein is deficient or...

Momordin or α-momorcharin is one of several related proteins isolated from several plants of the genus Momordica, which includes the bitter melon (M. charantia)...

Zinc finger protein 229 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF229 gene. The ZNF229 gene is involved in regulating transcription as it can bind...

Replication protein A (RPA) is the major protein that binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in eukaryotic cells. In vitro, RPA shows a much higher affinity...

Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) is an amplification technique (conceptually like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but not involving nucleotides)...

technology typically used to validate protein interactions. It is based on the association of fluorescent protein fragments that are attached to components...

Hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP) products are foodstuffs obtained by the hydrolysis of protein, and have a meaty, savory taste similar to broth (bouillon)...

Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 also known as ABL1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ABL1 gene (previous symbol ABL) located on chromosome...

A ribosomal protein (r-protein or rProtein) is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular...

Protein methylase I may refer to the following enzymes: Histone-arginine N-methyltransferase (Myelin basic protein)-arginine N-methyltransferase This set...

gene that provides instructions for making a protein called K-Ras, a part of the RAS/MAPK pathway. The protein relays signals from outside the cell to the...

SecD and SecF are prokaryotic protein export membrane proteins. They are a part of the larger multimeric protein export complex comprising SecA, D, E,...

Histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein (HPr) is a small cytoplasmic protein that is a component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase...

p53, also known as tumor protein p53, TP53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory transcription...

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene. LBP is a soluble acute-phase protein that binds to bacterial...

kilodalton heat shock proteins (Hsp70s or DnaK) are a family of conserved ubiquitously expressed heat shock proteins. Proteins with similar structure...

pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors. The name...

are proteins which contain oligosaccharide (sugar) chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in...

good meringue is the formation of stiff peaks by denaturing the protein ovalbumin (a protein in the egg whites) via mechanical shear. They are light, airy...

(RNase), deoxyribonucleases (DNase), lipase, plasminogen, and major basic protein. These mediators are released by a process called degranulation following...

Self-protein refers to all proteins endogenously produced by DNA-level transcription and translation within an organism of interest. This does not include...

membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules such as another protein, across a biological...

Apolipoproteins are proteins that bind lipids (oil-soluble substances such as fats, cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins) to form lipoproteins. They transport...

Olfactory receptor 6A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR6A2 gene. It is Class II (tetrapod-specific) olfactory receptor and a rhodopsin-like...

Associated Protein 43 (GAP43, Neuromodulin) is a protein encoded by the GAP43 gene in humans. GAP43 is called a "growth" or "plasticity" protein because...

Talin is a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein concentrated at regions of cell–substratum contact and, in lymphocytes, at cell–cell contacts. Discovered...

proteins to promoters. Both proteins additionally have multiple CDK phosphorylation sites through which they are inhibited. However, these proteins share...

to hunt. Some caterpillars use modified salivary glands to store silk proteins, which they then use to make silk fiber. Produced in salivary glands, human...

Noggin, also known as NOG, is a protein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones. In humans...

Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk. Symptoms may take hours to days to manifest, with symptoms including...

Lowry test. The biuret reaction can be used to assess the concentration of proteins because peptide bonds occur with the same frequency per amino acid in the...

as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 (TNFSF13), is a protein of the TNF superfamily recognized by the cell surface receptor TACI. It...

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins (glycoproteins) found in the cell walls of plants. Each one consists of a protein with sugar...

A high-protein diet is a diet in which 40% or more of the total daily calories come from protein. Many high protein diets are high in saturated fat and...

cII or transcriptional activator II is a DNA-binding protein and important transcription factor in the life cycle of lambda phage. It is encoded in the...

concentration of protein in a solution (0.5 μg/mL to 1.5 mg/mL), similar to Lowry protein assay, Bradford protein assay or biuret reagent. The total protein concentration...

Vpu is an accessory protein that in HIV is encoded by the vpu gene. Vpu stands for "Viral Protein U". The Vpu protein acts in the degradation of CD4 in...

Transmembrane protein 255A is a protein that is encoded by the TMEM255A gene. TMEM255A is often referred to as family with sequence similarity 70, member...

The protein kinase domain is a structurally conserved protein domain containing the catalytic function of protein kinases. Protein kinases are a group...

The classification of viral proteins as early proteins or late proteins depends on their relationship with genome replication. While many viruses (such...

CAP-Gly Domain Containing Linker Protein Family Member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLIP4 gene. In terms of conserved domains, the CLIP4...

Atos homolog protein B (or ATOSB), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATOSB gene (previously denoted FAM214B). The protein has 538 amino acids...

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a membrane protein and anion channel in vertebrates that is encoded by the CFTR gene. Geneticist...

protein BACH1 BRWD1: encoding bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 1 BTG3: encoding protein BTG3 C21orf58: encoding uncharacterized protein C21orf58...

THEMIS is a protein encoded by the eponymous THEMIS gene. This protein plays a regulatory role in both positive and negative T cell selection during late...

Parkin is a 465-amino acid residue E3 ubiquitin ligase, a protein that in humans and mice is encoded by the PRKN (also known as PARK2) gene. Parkin plays...

The S100 proteins are a family of low molecular-weight proteins found in vertebrates characterized by two calcium-binding sites that have helix-loop-helix...

MER34 ORF, or ERVMER34-1) is a human endogenous retroviral (HERV) envelope protein encoded by a proviral remnant of the MER34 retrovirus family on chromosome...

Albumin is a family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins. All of the proteins of the albumin family are water-soluble...

The membrane (M) protein (previously called E1, sometimes also matrix protein) is an integral membrane protein that is the most abundant of the four major...

A late protein is a viral protein that is formed after replication of the virus. One example is VP4 from simian virus 40 (SV40). In Human papillomavirus...

genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea. Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated protein 9") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and...

A tetrameric protein is a protein with a quaternary structure of four subunits (tetrameric). Homotetramers have four identical subunits (such as glutathione...

maintaining proteostasis include regulated protein translation, chaperone assisted protein folding, and protein degradation pathways. Adjusting each of these...

Myomesin-2, also known as M-protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYOM2 gene. M-protein is expressed in adult cardiac muscle and fast...

Osteoblast milk protein (OMP, Chinese: 造骨牛奶蛋白) is the name used by Mengniu, a Chinese dairy company, for a milk protein used as a food additive in their...

structural and functional roles in membrane and secreted proteins. The majority of proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum undergo glycosylation...

Scientific Protein Laboratories is a bio-pharmaceutical company established in Waunakee, Wisconsin in 1976 by Oscar Mayer. In 2004 SPL was acquired by...

GTP-binding protein regulators regulate G proteins in several different ways. Small GTPases act as molecular switches in signaling pathways, which act...

major constituents of the basement membrane, namely the basal lamina (the protein network foundation for most cells and organs). Laminins are vital to biological...

more unique proteins than the number of protein-coding genes. The human reference genome contains somewhere between 19,000 and 20,000 protein-coding genes...

The Hfq protein (also known as HF-I protein) encoded by the hfq gene was discovered in 1968 as an Escherichia coli host factor that was essential for...

Immunoglobulin-binding protein, or sometimes Immunoglobulin binding protein is a generic name for any protein that binds immunoglobulins. It, therefore...

transfer protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLTP gene. The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least two lipid transfer proteins found...

Myelin P2 protein also peripheral myelin protein 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PMP2 gene. Myelin protein P2 is a constituent of peripheral...

American entrepreneur. He is a co-founder of Rxbar (formerly CEO), and David Protein. Rahal was raised in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. His father's side of the family...

signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors, although...

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are small soluble proteins which mediate olfactory recognition at the periphery of sensory receptors in insects, similarly...

dominant negative, meaning that a mutated p53 protein can prevent the function of the natural protein produced from the non-mutated allele. Other tumor-suppressor...

Docking protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DOK6 gene. DOK6 is a member of the DOK (see DOK1; MIM 602919) family of intracellular adaptors...

Protein secondary structure is the local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone excluding the side chains. The two most common secondary structural...

recruits proteins I, L, K, and G/T to add protein H. Once G and G/T leave the complex, protein V can assemble onto the J/H scaffold. Then, protein U is added...

Zinc finger protein 439 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF439 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information...

kingdom belonging to the domain Archaea that contain eukaryotic signature proteins. It appears that the eukaryotes, the domain that contains the animals,...

made from 2130 molecules of coat protein and one molecule of genomic single strand RNA, 6400 bases long. The coat protein self-assembles into the rod-like...

β-catenin (beta-catenin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene. β-Catenin is a dual function protein, involved in regulation and coordination...

organized into multiple chromosomes – long strands of DNA dotted with various proteins, such as histones, that protect and organize the DNA. The genes within...

encased by the nucleoprotein. Two other viral proteins, the phosphoprotein and the large protein (L-protein or polymerase) are associated with the RNP....

Protein acetylation (and deacetylation) are acetylation reactions that occur within living cells as drug metabolism, by enzymes in the liver and other...

Motility protein A (MotA), is a bacterial protein that is encoded by the motA gene. It is a component of the flagellar motor. More specifically, MotA and...

repressor of primer, or as RNA one modulator (ROM)) is a small dimeric protein responsible for keeping the copy number of ColE1 family and related bacterial...

The SecY protein is the main transmembrane subunit of the bacterial Sec export pathway and of a protein-secreting ATPase complex, also known as a SecYEG...

Transmembrane protein 94 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM94 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000177728 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Replication protein A 14 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPA3 gene. RPA is a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that is conserved...

ribosomal proteins (rps, in yellow: see figure), large subunit ribosomal proteins (rpl, orange), hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame proteins (ycf...

-soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells that synthesizes proteins by translating genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA). During...

called spike protein, formerly known as E2) is the largest of the four major structural proteins found in coronaviruses. The spike protein assembles into...

The oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORPs) are a family of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Concretely, they constitute a family of sterol...

basic protein, often shortened to major basic protein (MBP; also called proteoglycan 2 (PRG2)) is encoded in humans by the PRG2 gene. The protein encoded...

Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRCA1 (/ˌbrækəˈwʌn/) gene. Orthologs are common in other vertebrate...

comprehensive ligand–protein interaction database, with the 3D structure of the ligand–protein interactions taken from the Protein Data Bank. MANORAA is...

Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a secreted protein of the sporozoite stage of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium sp.) and is the antigenic target of RTS...

Membrane fusion proteins (not to be confused with chimeric or fusion proteins) are proteins that cause fusion of biological membranes. Membrane fusion...

membrane proteins, 62 are peripheral proteins on the stroma side, and 68 peripheral proteins on the lumenal side. Additional low-abundance lumenal proteins can...

In biology, gap junction proteins are proteins that form gap junctions, which connect two neighboring cells. They are divided into two broad categories:...

density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-associated protein 1 also known as LRPAP1 or RAP is a chaperone protein which in humans is encoded by the LRPAP1...

KIF-binding protein, also known as Kinesin binding protein (KBP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIFBP gene (previously KIAA1279). The interaction...

helminth protein, or helminthic antigen, is a protein derived from a parasitic worm that causes an immune reaction. When secreted, these proteins may modify...

In molecular biology, ATP10 protein (mitochondrial ATPase complex subunit ATP10) is an ATP synthase assembly factor. It is essential for the assembly...

Carbon storage regulator A (CsrA) is an RNA-binding protein first identified in Escherichia coli, and its homologs are found in many bacterial species...

centered largely on the study of nucleic acids (such as DNA and RNA) and proteins. It examines the structure, function, and interactions of these macromolecules...

Transmembrane protein 251, also known as C14orf109 or UPF0694, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM251 gene. One notable feature of this protein is...

citrullination: protein L-arginine + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } protein L-citrulline + NH3 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-arginine...

are extracellular deposits of amyloid, consisting of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein, that present mainly in the grey matter of the brain in humans and other...

itself does not taste sweet. When taste buds are exposed to miraculin, the protein binds to the sweetness receptors. This causes normally sour-tasting acidic...

technique for determining the amount of various proteins, including cofactors, in a sample. The methods for protein identification and separation are identical...

Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine. In healthy persons, urine contains very little protein, less than 150 mg/day; an excess is...

L25 ribosomal protein leader is a ribosomal protein leader involved in the ribosome biogenesis. It is used as an autoregulatory mechanism to control the...

Protein AATF, also known as apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AATF gene. The protein encoded by...

red blood cells and gametes) most cells are capable of replication, and protein synthesis. Some types of cell are motile. Cells emerged on Earth about...

FOX (forkhead box) proteins are a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell growth...

as tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), is a secreted protein of the TNF superfamily. It is recognized by herpesvirus entry mediator...

incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation from RNA. The word "proteinogenic" means "protein creating". Throughout known life, there...

Poly(A)-binding protein (PAB or PABP) is an RNA-binding protein which triggers the binding of eukaryotic initiation factor 4 complex (eIF4G) directly...

gene. In all eukaryotes, the cell cycle is governed by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs), whose activities are regulated by cyclins and CDK inhibitors...

Zinc finger protein 586 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF586 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000083828 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

The protein leverage hypothesis states that human beings will prioritize the consumption of protein in food over other dietary components, and will eat...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. Professor Marshall Urist and Professor Hari...

markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute leukemias. This protein belongs to the group of histone-modifying enzymes comprising transactivation...

PAAT (protein associated with ABC transporters), also known as C10orf88 (chromosome 10 open reading frame 88), is a human protein encoded by the gene...

Fish protein powder (FPP) describes a food grade powder product designated primarily for human consumption applications. It differs significantly from...

Cell-free protein array technology produces protein microarrays by performing in vitro synthesis of the target proteins from their DNA templates. This...

one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group. The...

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a systemic, non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy to a specific trigger within food...

these proteins translocate into the ER lumen, where they are glycosylated and where molecular chaperones aid protein folding. Misfolded proteins are usually...

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent...

RNA-binding proteins (often abbreviated as RBPs) are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein...

molecular biology, a protein-fragment complementation assay, or PCA, is a method for the identification and quantification of protein–protein interactions. In...

FANC proteins are a network of at least 15 proteins that are associated with a cell process known as the Fanconi anemia. Fanconi anemia was first described...

Protein chemical shift re-referencing is a post-assignment process of adjusting the assigned NMR chemical shifts to match IUPAC and BMRB recommended standards...

encoding a protein is introduced into a host organism, the recombinant protein is not necessarily produced. Expression of foreign proteins requires the...

Protein diet may refer to: High-protein diet Low-protein diet This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Protein diet. If an internal...

The acyl carrier protein (ACP), aryl carrier protein (ArCP), and the peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) are a family of protein cofactors that participate...

identified in human cancer. Many cancer drugs target the proteins encoded by oncogenes. The resultant protein encoded by an oncogene is termed oncoprotein. Oncogenes...

protein quality method proposed in March 2013 by the Food and Agriculture Organization to replace the current protein ranking standard, the Protein Digestibility...

Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are autoantibodies (antibodies to an individual's own proteins) that are directed against peptides and proteins that are...

model refinement, computational protein design, and modeling of proteins in membranes. It was also argued that some protein force fields operate with energies...

Transmembrane protein 182 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM182 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170417 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

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inhibitory protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene EZHIP (previously CXorf67). As its name suggests, EZH inhibitory protein functions...

causes it to bind to the protein SIAH1, a ubiquitin ligase. The complex moves into the nucleus where Siah1 targets nuclear proteins for degradation, thus...

name: Major hevein, gene name: HEV1) is a wound-induced and a lectin-like protein from Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) where it is involved in the coagulation...

enzymes known as protein kinases which also attach phosphates to other amino acids such as serine and threonine. Phosphorylation of proteins by kinases is...

Kwashiorkor (/ˌkwɒʃiˈɔːrkɔːr, -kər/ KWOSH-ee-OR-kor, -⁠kər) is a form of severe protein malnutrition characterized by edema and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates...

similarities between these diseases at the subcellular level, including atypical protein assemblies (like proteinopathy) and induced cell death. These similarities...

isomerase activity by binding to the immunophilin FKBP12 (FK506 binding protein), creating a new complex. This FKBP12–FK506 complex interacts with and...

IFIT proteins (Interferon Induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats) are produced in the human body and are supposed to confer immunity against...

non-structural protein. It is present in both SARS-CoV (which causes the disease SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (which causes COVID-19), though the protein product has...

Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal globulin protein or immunoglobulin light chain found in the urine, with a molecular weight of 22–24 kDa. Detection...

C7 protein is an engineered zinc finger protein based on the murine ZFP, Zif268 and discovered by Wu et al. in 1994 (published in 1995). It shares the...

Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome in which blood proteins are lost excessively via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It may be caused by many...

trimer of the S protein. The S protein is in turn composed of an S1 and S2 subunit. The homotrimeric S protein is a class I fusion protein which mediates...

60S ribosomal protein L4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL4 gene. Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of...

The envelope (E) protein is the smallest and least well-characterized of the four major structural proteins found in coronavirus virions. It is an integral...

Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost...

Protein BEX2 also known as brain-expressed X-linked protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEX2 gene. It is exclusively expressed in the...

typically encode functionally related proteins, and sometimes the term gene families is a shorthand for the sets of proteins that the genes encode. They may...

Transmembrane protein 145 is a protein, which in humans, is encoded by the TMEM145 gene. TMEM145 has been associated with tumor suppression in breast cancer...

torsional angles, phi and psi angles) φ against ψ of amino acid residues in protein structure. The figure on the left illustrates the definition of the φ and...

DNA-binding proteins are proteins that have DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for single- or double-stranded DNA. Sequence-specific...

Del-Favero (1999). The protein the gene codes for (PS1) is an integral membrane protein. As stated by Ikeuchi (2002) it cleaves the protein Notch1 so is thought...

information from protein structure to understand phylogenetic relationships, and translates those evolutionary insights into understanding protein structure...

category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial medications that inhibit protein synthesis and contain as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside...

finger protein 521 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF521 gene. It was formerly named EHZF (early hematopoietic zinc finger protein), and...

sometimes called Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction, is a community-wide, worldwide experiment for protein structure prediction taking place...

Retinol-binding proteins (RBP) are a family of proteins with diverse functions. They are carrier proteins that bind retinol. Assessment of retinol-binding protein is...

Tsukushi or tsukushin is an extracellular matrix protein of the small leucine rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. In humans it is encoded by the TSKU gene...

Zinc finger protein 112 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF112 gene. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000052675 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

biological macromolecules. Protein–protein complexes are the most commonly attempted targets of such modelling, followed by protein–nucleic acid complexes...

Sex-determining region Y protein (SRY), or testis-determining factor (TDF), is a DNA-binding protein (also known as gene-regulatory protein/transcription factor)...

unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a cellular stress response related to the mitochondria. The UPRmt results from unfolded or misfolded proteins in mitochondria...

(an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells. It...

Protein S deficiency is a disorder associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis. Protein S, a vitamin K-dependent physiological anticoagulant,...

Adipose-secreted signaling protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene ADISSP (previously C20orf27). It is expressed in the majority of...

Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of typically 7–13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β)...