R-type calcium channel

R-type calcium channel
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDs	GeneCards: [1]; OMA:- orthologs
Orthologs
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The R-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. Like the others of this class, the α₁ subunit forms the pore through which calcium enters the cell and determines most of the channel's properties. This α₁ subunit is also known as the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit (CACNA1E) or Cav_2.3 which in humans is encoded by the CACNA1E gene.^[1]^[2]^[3] They are strongly expressed in cortex, hippocampus, striatum, amygdala and interpeduncular nucleus.^[4]

They are poorly understood, but like Q-type calcium channels, they appear to be present in cerebellar granule cells. They have a high threshold of activation and relatively slow kinetics.

References

^ "Entrez Gene: CACNA1E calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit".
^ Soong TW, Stea A, Hodson CD, Dubel SJ, Vincent SR, Snutch TP (May 1993). "Structure and functional expression of a member of the low voltage-activated calcium channel family". Science. 260 (5111): 1133–6. Bibcode:1993Sci...260.1133S. doi:10.1126/science.8388125. PMID 8388125.
^ Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Striessnig J (December 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels". Pharmacological Reviews. 57 (4): 411–25. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.5. PMID 16382099. S2CID 10386627.
^ Parajuli LK, Nakajima C, Kulik A, Matsui K, Schneider T, Shigemoto R, Fukazawa Y (September 2012). "Quantitative regional and ultrastructural localization of the Ca(v)2.3 subunit of R-type calcium channel in mouse brain". The Journal of Neuroscience. 32 (39): 13555–67. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1142-12.2012. PMC 6621359. PMID 23015445.

McNaughton NC, Green PJ, Randall AD (December 2001). "Inhibition of human alpha1E subunit-mediated ca2+ channels by the antipsychotic agent chlorpromazine". Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 173 (4): 401–8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201X.2001.00914.x. PMID 11903132.
Berrou L, Klein H, Bernatchez G, Parent L (September 2002). "A specific tryptophan in the I-II linker is a key determinant of beta-subunit binding and modulation in Ca(V)2.3 calcium channels". Biophysical Journal. 83 (3): 1429–42. Bibcode:2002BpJ....83.1429B. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(02)73914-3. PMC 1302242. PMID 12202369.
Raybaud A, Baspinar EE, Dionne F, Dodier Y, Sauvé R, Parent L (September 2007). "The role of distal S6 hydrophobic residues in the voltage-dependent gating of CaV2.3 channels". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (38): 27944–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M703895200. PMID 17660294.
Toro-Castillo C, Thapliyal A, Gonzalez-Ochoa H, Adams BA, Meza U (January 2007). "Muscarinic modulation of Cav2.3 (R-type) calcium channels is antagonized by RGS3 and RGS3T". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 292 (1): C573–80. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00219.2006. PMID 16855219.
Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Striessnig J (December 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels". Pharmacological Reviews. 57 (4): 411–25. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.5. PMID 16382099. S2CID 10386627.
Kang HW, Moon HJ, Joo SH, Lee JH (December 2007). "Histidine residues in the IS3-IS4 loop are critical for nickel-sensitive inhibition of the Cav2.3 calcium channel". FEBS Letters. 581 (30): 5774–80. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.045. PMID 18037383. S2CID 12259094.
Natrajan R, Little SE, Reis-Filho JS, Hing L, Messahel B, Grundy PE, Dome JS, Schneider T, Vujanic GM, Pritchard-Jones K, Jones C (December 2006). "Amplification and overexpression of CACNA1E correlates with relapse in favorable histology Wilms' tumors". Clinical Cancer Research. 12 (24): 7284–93. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1567. PMID 17189400.
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Hainsworth AH, McNaughton NC, Pereverzev A, Schneider T, Randall AD (April 2003). "Actions of sipatrigine, 202W92 and lamotrigine on R-type and T-type Ca2+ channel currents". European Journal of Pharmacology. 467 (1–3): 77–80. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01625-X. PMID 12706458.
Kamp MA, Krieger A, Henry M, Hescheler J, Weiergräber M, Schneider T (March 2005). "Presynaptic 'Ca2.3-containing' E-type Ca channels share dual roles during neurotransmitter release". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 21 (6): 1617–25. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03984.x. PMID 15845089. S2CID 37439621.
Berrou L, Bernatchez G, Parent L (January 2001). "Molecular determinants of inactivation within the I-II linker of alpha1E (CaV2.3) calcium channels". Biophysical Journal. 80 (1): 215–28. Bibcode:2001BpJ....80..215B. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(01)76008-0. PMC 1301227. PMID 11159396.
Meza U, Thapliyal A, Bannister RA, Adams BA (January 2007). "Neurokinin 1 receptors trigger overlapping stimulation and inhibition of CaV2.3 (R-type) calcium channels". Molecular Pharmacology. 71 (1): 284–93. doi:10.1124/mol.106.028530. PMID 17050807. S2CID 3106603.
Bernatchez G, Sauvé R, Parent L (November 2001). "State-dependent inhibition of inactivation-deficient Ca(V)1.2 and Ca(V)2.3 channels by mibefradil". The Journal of Membrane Biology. 184 (2): 143–59. doi:10.1007/s00232-001-0083-4. PMID 11719851. S2CID 10302141.
Pereverzev A, Leroy J, Krieger A, Malécot CO, Hescheler J, Pfitzer G, Klöckner U, Schneider T (October 2002). "Alternate splicing in the cytosolic II-III loop and the carboxy terminus of human E-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels: electrophysiological characterization of isoforms". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 21 (2): 352–65. doi:10.1006/mcne.2002.1179. PMID 12401453. S2CID 21472619.
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Vajna R, Klöckner U, Pereverzev A, Weiergräber M, Chen X, Miljanich G, Klugbauer N, Hescheler J, Perez-Reyes E, Schneider T (February 2001). "Functional coupling between 'R-type' Ca2+ channels and insulin secretion in the insulinoma cell line INS-1". European Journal of Biochemistry. 268 (4): 1066–75. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01969.x. PMID 11179973.
Muller YL, Hanson RL, Zimmerman C, Harper I, Sutherland J, Kobes S, Knowler WC, Bogardus C, Baier LJ (December 2007). "Variants in the Ca V 2.3 (alpha 1E) subunit of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians". Diabetes. 56 (12): 3089–94. doi:10.2337/db07-0587. PMID 17720895.