Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Religious affiliation in the United States Senate

The religious affiliation in the United States Senate reflects the variety of religion in the United States, despite not being in line with the religious affiliation of the general population.

While the religious preference of elected officials is by no means an indication of their allegiance nor necessarily reflective of their voting record, the religious affiliation of prominent members of all three branches of government is a source of commentary and discussion among the media and public. The topic is also of interest to religious groups and the general public who may appeal to senators of their denomination on religious or moral issues facing the United States Senate.

This list reports the religious affiliation of the members of the United States Senate in the 118th United States Congress. In most cases, in addition to specific sources, the senators' religious affiliations are those mentioned by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life at the Pew Research Center, which publishes a report at the beginning of each Congress.[1][2]

Christians (85)

Protestants (55)

Presbyterians (11)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
John Barrasso Republican Wyoming Presbyterian[3][4] Denomination: PCUSA; former Catholic.
Marsha Blackburn Republican Tennessee Presbyterian[5] Denomination: PCA.
Shelley Moore Capito Republican West Virginia Presbyterian[6] Denomination: PCUSA.
Tom Carper Democrat Delaware Presbyterian[7][8] Denomination: PCUSA.
Chris Coons Democrat Delaware Presbyterian[9][10] Attends a Catholic church.[11]
Steve Daines Republican Montana Presbyterian[12] Denomination: EPC.[13][14]
Deb Fischer Republican Nebraska Presbyterian[15][16]
Josh Hawley Republican Missouri Presbyterian[17] Raised as a Methodist;[18] denomination: EPC.[19]
Rand Paul Republican Kentucky Presbyterian[20][21] Raised as an Episcopalian.[22][23]
Tina Smith Democrat Minnesota Presbyterian[2] Swore by an old Heilige Bibel, a family Bible.[24]
Mark Warner Democrat Virginia Presbyterian[25][26]

Baptists (10)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Cory Booker Democrat New Jersey Baptist[27] Denomination: NBC.[28] Raised as a Methodist.[29]
John Boozman Republican Arkansas Baptist[30][31] Denomination: SBC.
Ted Cruz Republican Texas Baptist[32][33] Denomination: SBC.
Lindsey Graham Republican South Carolina Baptist[34][35] Denomination: SBC.
Chuck Grassley Republican Iowa Baptist[36][37] Denomination: BGC; attends a non-denominational church.[38]
Cindy Hyde-Smith Republican Mississippi Baptist[39] Denomination: SBC.
James Lankford Republican Oklahoma Baptist[40][41] Denomination: SBC; former student ministries and evangelism specialist for the BGCO.
Mitch McConnell Republican Kentucky Baptist[42][43] Denomination: SBC.
Raphael Warnock Democrat Georgia Baptist Former associated pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church, affiliated to NBC;
senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, affiliated to PNBC and ABC.
Roger Wicker Republican Mississippi Baptist[44][45] Denomination: SBC.

Methodists (6)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Katie Britt Republican Alabama Methodist[46] Denomination: UMC[46]
Tom Cotton Republican Arkansas Methodist[47] Denomination: UMC.[48]
John Kennedy Republican Louisiana Methodist[49] Denomination: UMC.[49]
Jerry Moran Republican Kansas Methodist[50][51] Attends a Presbyterian church.[52]
Debbie Stabenow Democrat Michigan Methodist[53][54] Denomination: UMC.[55]
Elizabeth Warren Democrat Massachusetts Methodist[56][57] Denomination: UMC.[58] Attends various churches.[59]

Lutherans (6)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Sherrod Brown Democrat Ohio Lutheran[60][61][62] Denomination: ELCA.
Joni Ernst Republican Iowa Lutheran[60] Denomination: ELCA.
Martin Heinrich Democrat New Mexico Lutheran[60][63][64] Denomination: ELCA.
Ron Johnson Republican Wisconsin Lutheran[60][65][66] Denomination: WELS.
Cynthia Lummis Republican Wyoming Lutheran[60][67] Denomination: LCMS.
Jeff Merkley Democrat Oregon Lutheran[60][68][69] Denomination: ELCA.

Episcopalians (5)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Bill Hagerty Republican Tennessee Episcopalian[2]
Angus King Independent
(caucusing with Democrats) 		Maine Episcopalian[70][71][72]
Gary Peters Democrat Michigan Episcopalian[70][73][74]
Chris Van Hollen Democrat Maryland Episcopalian[70][75]
Sheldon Whitehouse Democrat Rhode Island Episcopalian[70][76][77]

Nondenominational Evangelicals (5)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Ted Budd Republican North Carolina Nondenominational Evangelical[78]
Bill Cassidy Republican Louisiana Nondenominational Evangelical[79]
Rick Scott Republican Florida Nondenominational Evangelical[80] Former Presbyterian.[80]
Tim Scott Republican South Carolina Nondenominational Evangelical[81][82]
John Thune Republican South Dakota Nondenominational Evangelical[83][84]

Restorationists (3)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
John Cornyn Republican Texas Restorationist[85][86] Denomination: Churches of Christ.
Roger Marshall Republican Kansas Restorationist Denomination: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).[87][88]
Tommy Tuberville Republican Alabama Restorationist[89] Denomination: Churches of Christ.

Congregationalists (2)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Maggie Hassan Democrat New Hampshire Congregationalist Denomination: UCC.
Amy Klobuchar Democrat Minnesota Congregationalist[90][91] Denomination: UCC.

Pentecostals (2)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Kevin Cramer Republican North Dakota Pentecostal Former Lutheran; denomination: ICFG.[92]
Markwayne Mullin Republican Oklahoma Pentecostal[93] Denomination: Assemblies of God[94]

Wesleyan-Holiness Evangelicals (1)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Jon Tester Democrat Montana Wesleyan-Holiness Evangelical[95] Denomination: Church of God (Anderson, Indiana).

Quakers (1)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
John Hickenlooper Democrat Colorado Quaker[96] "Raised on the periphery of the Episcopal Church",[97]
but misidentified as an Episcopalian in the Pew Report.[2]

Unspecified Protestants (3)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Chris Murphy Democrat Connecticut Protestant[98][99] Raised as a Congregationalist.[100]
Jeanne Shaheen Democrat New Hampshire Protestant[101][102]
Todd Young Republican Indiana Protestant[2]

Catholics (27)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Mike Braun Republican Indiana Catholic[103]
Maria Cantwell Democrat Washington Catholic[104][105]
Bob Casey Democrat Pennsylvania Catholic[106][107]
Susan Collins Republican Maine Catholic[108][109]
Catherine Cortez Masto Democrat Nevada Catholic[110][111][112]
Dick Durbin Democrat Illinois Catholic[113][114]
Kirsten Gillibrand Democrat New York Catholic[115][116]
John Hoeven Republican North Dakota Catholic[117][118]
Tim Kaine Democrat Virginia Catholic[119][120]
Mark Kelly Democrat Arizona Catholic[2] His wife, former Rep. Gabby Giffords, is Jewish.
Ben Ray Luján Democrat New Mexico Catholic[2]
Joe Manchin Democrat West Virginia Catholic[116][121]
Ed Markey Democrat Massachusetts Catholic[122][123]
Bob Menendez Democrat New Jersey Catholic[124][125]
Lisa Murkowski Republican Alaska Catholic[126][127]
Patty Murray Democrat Washington Catholic[128][129]
Alex Padilla Democrat California Catholic[130]
Jack Reed Democrat Rhode Island Catholic[131][132]
Pete Ricketts Republican Nebraska Catholic[133]
Jim Risch Republican Idaho Catholic[134][135]
Mike Rounds Republican South Dakota Catholic[136][137]
Marco Rubio Republican Florida Catholic[138][139] Former Latter-day Saint.[140]
Eric Schmitt Republican Missouri Catholic[141]
Dan Sullivan Republican Alaska Catholic[142]
Thom Tillis Republican North Carolina Catholic[143]
J. D. Vance Republican Ohio Catholic[144][145] Former Non-denominational Evangelical.
Peter Welch Democrat Vermont Catholic[146]

Latter-day Saints (3)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Mike Crapo Republican Idaho Latter-day Saint[147][148]
Mike Lee Republican Utah Latter-day Saint[149][150]
Mitt Romney Republican Utah Latter-day Saint[151][152]

Jewish (8)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Richard Blumenthal Democrat Connecticut Jewish[153][154]
Jon Ossoff Democrat Georgia Jewish[155]
Ben Cardin Democrat Maryland Jewish[156][157]
Bernie Sanders Independent
(caucusing with Democrats) 		Vermont Jewish[158][159] Non-practicing.
Jacky Rosen Democrat Nevada Jewish[160][161]
Brian Schatz Democrat Hawaii Jewish[162][163]
Chuck Schumer Democrat New York Jewish[164][165]
Ron Wyden Democrat Oregon Jewish[166][167]

Buddhists (1)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Mazie Hirono Democrat Hawaii Buddhist[168][169] School: Jōdo Shinshū; non-practicing.

Unknown or refused to specify (5)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Tammy Baldwin Democrat Wisconsin Unknown or refused to specify[2][170][171] Baptized as an Episcopalian.[172]
Michael Bennet Democrat Colorado Unknown or refused to specify[2][173][174] Raised in both Jewish and Christian traditions.[175]
Laphonza Butler Democrat California Unknown or refused to specify
Tammy Duckworth Democrat Illinois Unknown or refused to specify[2] Sometimes acknowledged as Deist.[176]
John Fetterman Democrat Pennsylvania Unknown or refused to specify

Unaffiliated (1)

Senator Party State Religion Notes
Kyrsten Sinema Independent
(caucusing with Democrats) 		Arizona Unaffiliated Raised as a Latter-day Saint.[177]

Comparison with general population

In conjunction with figures derived from the Pew Research Center's 2021 "survey of the religious composition of the United States",[178] the most basic breakdown of the above data indicates that 85% of the Senate identify as Christian (compared with 63% of the population), 8% identify as Jewish (compared with 2% of the population), 5% have unknown religious affiliation or refused to specify it (compared with 2% of the population), 1% identifies with other religions (compared with 5% of the population), and another 1% identifies as unaffiliated (compared with 29% of the population). The unaffiliated are extremely under-represented, while Jews, Presbyterians, Lutherans, and Episcopalians are particularly over-represented.

The following table compares reported religious affiliations of senators to religious statistics of the demographics of the United States:

Religion Group No. of sens % of sens % of population
Christians Catholics
27 / 100
 27% 21%
Presbyterians
11 / 100
 11% 2%
Baptists
10 / 100
 10% 11%
Methodists
6 / 100
 6% 4%
Lutherans
6 / 100
 6% 3%
Episcopalians
5 / 100
 5% 1%
Other Protestants
17 / 100
 17% 18%
Latter-day Saints
3 / 100
 3% 2%
Jews
8 / 100
 8% 2%
Buddhists
1 / 100
 1% 1%
Unknown or refused to specify
5 / 100
 5% 2%
Unaffiliated
1 / 100
 1% 29%

See also

References

  1. ^ Diamant, Jeff (January 3, 2023). "Faith on the Hill: The religious composition of the 118th Congress" (PDF). Pew Research Center.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Religious affiliation of members of 118th Congress" (PDF). Pew Research Center. January 3, 2023.
  3. ^ "Sen. John Barrasso (R-Wyo.)". rollcall.com. March 21, 2013.
  4. ^ University of California, Santa Cruz (March 21, 2013). "Sen. John Barrasso (R-WY) 2nd term Republican from Wyoming. Appt. June 22, 2007". ucforcalifornia.org.
  5. ^ Barnette, Amy (June 30, 2010). "Marsha Blackburn – 7th Congressional District". The Commercial Appeal. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012.
  6. ^ "Shelley Moore Capito".
  7. ^ University of Delaware (January 19, 2011). "Thomas R. Carper Congressional Papers Biographical Note". lib.udel.edu.
  8. ^ "Tom Carper". businessinsider.com. March 21, 2013.
  9. ^ "Senator Coons talks about faith and poverty". coons.senate.gov. March 9, 2011. Archived from the original on February 25, 2013.
  10. ^ Frank Bruni (October 11, 2010). "With O'Donnell as Foil, Democrat Plays It Safe". New York Times.
  11. ^ "Sen. Christopher A. Coons, Democrat". June 29, 2016. Archived from the original on January 10, 2019.
  12. ^ "Steve Daines".
  13. ^ "Steve Daines". Ballotpedia.
  14. ^ "Welcome to Springville Church!". Springville Presbyterian Church.
  15. ^ "Roll Call New Member Profiles: 113th Congress Deb Fischer, R-Nebraska Senate". rollcall.com. March 24, 2013.
  16. ^ Leslie Reed (April 22, 2012). "Fischer: Don't count me out". Omaha World-Herald. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013.
  17. ^ "Josh Hawley Didn't Call for Christian Revolution". 17 September 2022.
  18. ^ "Christian Nationalist sentiments of eight senators voting not to certify - Freedom from Religion Foundation".
  19. ^ "Josh Hawley Didn't Call for Christian Revolution". 17 September 2022.
  20. ^ Bruce Schreiner; Roger Alford (October 18, 2010). "Rand Paul, Jack Conway Senate race turns bitter over religious accusations". Christian Science Monitor. Associated Press.
  21. ^ Steve Kornaki (May 17, 2010). "Will Rand Paul run for president in 2012?". salon.com.
  22. ^ "5 faith facts about Rand Paul: 'My faith has never been easy for me'". February 2016.
  23. ^ Caldwell, Christopher (February 22, 2007). "Ron Paul - Presidential Election of 2008 - Elections - Candidates - Republicans". The New York Times.
  24. ^ "There's a story behind that old Bible Tina Smith took the Senate oath on [sic]". Pioneer Press. January 3, 2018.
  25. ^ Matt Bai (March 12, 2006). "The Fallback". New York Times.
  26. ^ "2008 Democratic Hopefuls OFF THE TRAIL - Mark Warner". CBS News. March 22, 2013. Archived from the original on December 3, 2010.
  27. ^ Dan Gilgoff (August 7, 2009). "Newark Mayor Cory Booker's Course on World Religions". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
  28. ^ "Cory Booker's Pastor Literally Anointed Him Ahead of His Big Campaign Announcement". Relevant. February 1, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
  29. ^ "Newark Mayor Cory Booker's Course on World Religions (In Hebrew and English) - God & Country". U.S. News & World Report. August 7, 2009. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013.
  30. ^ "John Boozman (R)". Washington Post. March 22, 2013.
  31. ^ James O'Bryan (March 22, 2013). "What Is John Boozman's Religion?". politicsdaily.com.
  32. ^ Lisa Olson; Houston Chronicle (October 15, 2012). "Profile: A man of many contrasts, Ted Cruz defies easy stereotypes". chron.com.
  33. ^ Elizabeth Hartfield (July 31, 2012). "Ted Cruz Wins In Texas GOP Senate Runoff". abcnews.go.com.
  34. ^ "NationalJournal Sen. Lindsey Graham (R) South Carolina". National Journal. March 22, 2013.
  35. ^ Rebecca Eidson; Tri-County Technical College (April 24, 2012). "Senator Lindsey Graham to Deliver Spring Commencement Address". tctc.edu.
  36. ^ "Chuck Grassley of Iowa --- United States Senator". grassley.senate.gov. March 22, 2013. Archived from the original on March 26, 2013.
  37. ^ "Sen. Charles E. Grassley (R-Iowa)". rollcall.com. March 22, 2013.
  38. ^ Chuck Grassley [@senatorchuckgrassley] (August 29, 2018). "At the time of our marriage, I attended New Hartford Baptist & Barbara attended Church of the Brethren. So, on Aug 29-one wk after our wedding, we decided to seek a "neutral" place of worship. We checked out Prairie Lakes & never sought another venue. Today is our 64 yr anniversary of worshipping here" – via Instagram.
  39. ^ "Meet Cindy".
  40. ^ Barone, Michael; Chuck McCutcheon (2011). The Almanac of American Politics 2012. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. pp. 1331–1333. ISBN 978-0-226-03807-0.
  41. ^ "About | James Lankford". JamesLankford.com. Archived from the original on March 12, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
  42. ^ "Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.)". rollcall.com. March 22, 2013.
  43. ^ "Almanac Sen. Mitch McConnell (R) Kentucky". National Journal. November 9, 2013. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012.
  44. ^ "ISSUE STATEMENT : Family Values Protecting Family Values". wicker.senate.gov. March 22, 2013.
  45. ^ Edwin Smith (April 12, 2012). "U.S. Sen. Roger Wicker to Deliver Commencement Address". University of Mississippi.
  46. ^ a b "Meet Katie Britt". Katie Britt US Senate Alabama First. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  47. ^ "Cotton draws religious beliefs into Arkansas Senate fight". Arkansas News Bureau. July 2, 2014.
  48. ^ "King Cotton". United Methodist Insight. September 9, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  49. ^ a b "John Kennedy | United States senator [born 1951]". Encyclopedia Britannica. 15 July 2023.
  50. ^ "Jerry Moran (R)". Washington Post. June 30, 2004.
  51. ^ United Methodist Church (November 13, 2000). "News Archives United Methodist numbers increase in Congress". archives.umc.org.
  52. ^ "Biography". United States Senator for Kansas Jerry Moran.
  53. ^ Albert J. Menendez; United Methodist Church (November 27, 2012). "45 United Methodists in diverse Congress". umc.org. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013.
  54. ^ "Michigan Manual 2009-2010 SENATOR DEBBIE STABENOW" (PDF). legislature.mi.gov. March 23, 2013.
  55. ^ "Biography". Debbie Stabenow United States Senator.
  56. ^ Katrina vanden Heuvel (July 20, 2010). "The Case For Elizabeth Warren". The Nation.
  57. ^ Chris Moody (September 5, 2012). "Elizabeth Warren to DNC: The 'system is rigged' against you". news.yahoo.com.
  58. ^ "Elizabeth Warren launches interfaith initiative, hopes to appeal to faith communities". The Christian Century. February 10, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  59. ^ Victoria McGrane (September 2, 2017). "Religion is constant part of Elizabeth Warren's life". Boston Globe.
  60. ^ a b c d e f "Lutherans in Congress". Living Lutheran. January 5, 2015.
  61. ^ "New Member Profile: Sen.-Elect Sherrod Brown (D—Ohio)". New York Times. November 7, 2007.
  62. ^ Stephen Koff (September 21, 2011). "Sherrod Brown says 'Happy Jewish New Year.' Josh Mandel says it shows he's worried". cleveland.com.
  63. ^ "Roll Call New Member Profiles: 113th Congress Martin Heinrich, D-N.M. (Senate)". rollcall.com. March 22, 2013.
  64. ^ "Senator Martin T. Heinrich's Biography". votesmart.org. March 22, 2013.
  65. ^ Larry Givins; Gannett Company (January 8, 2012). "Republican U.S. Senator Ron Johnson, of Oshkosh, carves niche as deficit hawk". thenorthwestern.com.
  66. ^ Crop Science Society of America. "JUNIOR SENATOR/WISCONSIN Sen. Ron Johnson (R) Elected 2010; 1st term" (PDF). crops.org.
  67. ^ "Sen. Cynthia Lummis, R-Wyo". Roll Call.
  68. ^ "Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.)". rollcall.com. March 22, 2013.
  69. ^ University of California, Los Angeles (March 22, 2013). "Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) 1st term Democrat from Oregon". ucla.ucforcalifornia.org.
  70. ^ a b c d Services, Civil (July 2020). "Episcopalian Senators of the United States Senate". Civil Services.
  71. ^ Colin Woodard (September 23, 2012). "The making of a man without a party The former governor's view of the world was shaped long before be [sic] ran for public office, and will likely continue to inform his choices". Portland Press Herald.
  72. ^ Alan Silverleib (February 15, 2013). "Independent's Day: King hopes to bridge divided D.C." cnn.com.
  73. ^ "Sen. Gary Peters (D-Mich.)". RollCall.com. September 8, 2014.
  74. ^ "Michigan Senate: Gary Peters (D)". National Journal. 2014. Archived from the original on January 5, 2015.
  75. ^ "17 Episcopalians in Congress Who Oppose Gay Marriage". InsideSources. July 2, 2015.
  76. ^ "Senator Sheldon Whitehouse's Biography". votesmart.org. March 23, 2012.
  77. ^ "Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.)". rollcall.com. March 23, 2012.
  78. ^ "About 60 the 138 House members who objected to the Electoral College count were evangelical Christians". Current. January 9, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  79. ^ "Bill Cassidy". ballotpedia.org.
  80. ^ a b "Rick Scott left Presbyterian church to help found Naples Community Church". July 31, 2010.
  81. ^ "GOP's Tim Scott's star rockets to the top". mcclatchydc.com. September 26, 2011. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014.
  82. ^ "Santorum Gains Support from Social Conservatives". Wall Street Journal. January 15, 2012.
  83. ^ "John Randolph Thune (R)". Washington Post. March 22, 2013.
  84. ^ "John Thune Fast Facts". cnn.com. March 7, 2013.
  85. ^ Houston Chronicle (August 3, 2010). "Texas delegation in depth: John Cornyn". chron.com.
  86. ^ "Texas: Junior Senator Sen. John Cornyn (R)". National Journal. June 22, 2005. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012.
  87. ^ "The Voter's Self Defense System".
  88. ^ "Great Bend Pastor gives opening prayer on Capitol Hill". 12 October 2017.
  89. ^ "What churches do U.S. senate candidates Tuberville, Jones attend?". AL.com. October 28, 2020.
  90. ^ United States Government Printing Office; United States Congress Joint Committee on Printing (March 22, 2013). Official Congressional Directory: 110th Congress : 2007-2008. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160788796.
  91. ^ United States Government Printing Office (March 22, 2013). "Congressional Directory for the 112th Congress (2011-2012), December 2011". gpo.gov.
  92. ^ "Congress's 'Other' Christians: The Fastest-Growing Faith on the Hill". 3 January 2019.
  93. ^ "Rep. Markwayne Mullin, Cherokee, Among The Hill's '50 Most Beautiful'". ICT. July 31, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  94. ^ "Meet Markwayne". Mullin U.S. Senate.
  95. ^ "Sen.-Elect Jon Tester (D—Mont.)". New York Times. November 8, 2006.
  96. ^ "John Hickenlooper: Everything you need to know about the former 2020 presidential candidate". ABC News. August 15, 2019.
  97. ^ "The Happy Shrewdness of John W. Hickenlooper". 5280. August 2012.
  98. ^ "NationalJournalAlmanac Connecticut District 5 Rep. Chris Murphy (D)". National Journal. March 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013.
  99. ^ "Almanac CAMPAIGN 2006: THE NEWLY ELECTED Connecticut's 5th District: Chris Murphy (D)". National Journal. November 8, 2006. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013.
  100. ^ "The Pope Addressed A Congress That's Much More Christian Than America". NPR.org. September 24, 2015.
  101. ^ "Candidate Profile from Congressional Quarterly Jeanne Shaheen (D) of Madbury". cnn.com. 1996.
  102. ^ Albert J. Menendez (2009). "111th Congress -- Religious Affiliations" (PDF). arlinc.org.
  103. ^ "Michael Braun". Indiana Legislator Database. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
  104. ^ United States Congress Joint Committee on Printing (January 4, 2005). Official Congressional Directory, 2005-2006, 109th Congress, Convened January 4, 2005 (Clothbound). ISBN 9780160724671.
  105. ^ Steve Benen (February 28, 2009). "POLITICAL ANIMAL THIS WEEK IN GOD". washingtonmonthly.com.
  106. ^ John M. Broder (August 8, 2008). "Casey, an Abortion Opponent, Praises Obama". New York Times.
  107. ^ James O'Toole (September 10, 2006). "Casey says he's more than just the 'anti-Santorum'". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  108. ^ "AllPolitics is presenting the freshmen of the 105th Congress every day between now and January". cnn.com. March 21, 2013.
  109. ^ "Senator Susan M. Collins's Biography". votesmart.org. March 21, 2013.
  110. ^ Hertzke, Allen D.; Olson, Laura R.; Den Dulk, Kevin R.; Fowler, Robert Booth (August 6, 2018). Religion and Politics in America: Faith, Culture, and Strategic Choices. Routledge. ISBN 9780429947353.
  111. ^ "'It's About Time': 1st Latina Senator, 7 new Latinos sworn in House". NBC News. January 4, 2017.
  112. ^ "As Catholics and Americans, we can't sit by while our country destroys the planet". America Magazine. November 30, 2017.
  113. ^ "Senator Richard 'Dick' J. Durbin's Biography". votesmart.org. March 21, 2013.
  114. ^ Mike Dorning, Margaret Talev (February 8, 2012). "Obama Weighed Religious Politics in Contraceptives Decision". bloomberg.com.
  115. ^ "Addresses of Legislators Listed in Order of District Number" (PDF). buffalodiocese.org. March 21, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2015.
  116. ^ a b Gail Russell Chaddock (February 9, 2012). "Catholic furor over birth control rule turns Democrats on one another". The Christian Science Monitor.
  117. ^ "John Hoeven (R) - Washington Post". Washington Post. March 21, 2013.
  118. ^ Harry Bradford (November 2, 2010). "What Is John Hoeven's Religion?". politicsdaily.com.
  119. ^ "ONE NATION: RELIGION & POLITICS Tim Kaine: Democrats and Religious Outreach". pbs.org. September 4, 2012.
  120. ^ Timothy Dwyer (November 3, 2005). "For Kaine, a Faith in Service". Washington Post.
  121. ^ "Governor of the State of West Virginia - Joe Manchin III". westvirginia.statelawyers.com. March 21, 2013. Archived from the original on March 11, 2013.
  122. ^ "Sen. Edward J. Markey (D-Mass.)". rollcall.com.
  123. ^ Noah Bierman (April 21, 2013). "A drive that stunned Markey's family, and never ebbed Representative came in as a rebel, then rose". bostonglobe.com.
  124. ^ "Senator Robert 'Bob' Menendez's Biography". votesmart.org. March 21, 2013.
  125. ^ "Sen. Robert Menendez (D-N.J.)". rollcall.com. March 21, 2013.
  126. ^ "Senator Lisa A. Murkowski's Biography". votesmart.org. March 24, 2013.
  127. ^ "Alaska U.S. Senate candidates answer questions about abortion, immigration, 'gay marriage' and capital punishment". catholicanchor.org. October 30, 2010. Archived from the original on April 14, 2013.
  128. ^ Chris McGann, Claudia Rose (July 19, 2004). "Archbishop warns Catholic politicians on abortion". Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
  129. ^ Nancy Frazier O'Brien (November 11, 2004). "At 29 percent of 109th Congress, Catholics remain largest faith group". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004.
  130. ^ "Alex Padilla's Biography". Vote Smart. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  131. ^ G. Wayne Miller (March 21, 2013). "A Humble Path to Power". reed.senate.gov. Archived from the original on March 18, 2013.
  132. ^ "Sen. Jack Reed (D-R.I.)". rollcall.com. March 21, 2013.
  133. ^ 2016–17 Nebraska Blue Book (PDF). Nebraska Legislature. p. 418.
  134. ^ Carolyn LaDelle Bennett (May 12, 2010). Same Ole Or Something New: Uprooting Power ENTRENCHMENT. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 9781450086905.
  135. ^ Albert J. Menendez (2011). "112th Congress -- Religious Affiliations" (PDF). arlinc.org.
  136. ^ "Rounds for Senate". roundsforsenate.com.
  137. ^ "Mike Rounds | United States senator". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  138. ^ Mark Oppenheimer (November 26, 2010). "Marco Rubio: Catholic or Protestant?". New York Times.
  139. ^ Chris Moody (June 19, 2012). "Whether Mormon, Catholic or Protestant, faith a major theme in Rubio memoir". abcnews.go.com.
  140. ^ "Marco Rubio's book explains why he left Mormonism". The Salt Lake Tribune. June 20, 2012.
  141. ^ "Sen. Eric Schmitt". Legistorm.
  142. ^ Hadro, Matt (November 3, 2014). "How the Catholic vote could sway Alaska's crucial Senate race". Catholic News Agency.
  143. ^ "Thom Tillis on Principles & Values". OnTheIssues.
  144. ^ "Best-Selling 'Hillbilly Elegy' Author J.D. Vance Becomes Catholic". National Catholic Register. August 13, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  145. ^ Vance, J. D. (August 11, 2019). "J.D. Vance Becomes Catholic". The American Conservative. Interviewed by Rod Dreher. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  146. ^ "Sen. Peter Welch (D-VT)". e-Advocacy.
  147. ^ "Sen. Mike Crapo (R) Idaho". National Journal. March 24, 2013.
  148. ^ Cameron Joseph (July 23, 2012). "Mormons on cusp of new powerful era". thehill.com.
  149. ^ "Sen. Mike Lee (R-Utah)". rollcall.com. March 24, 2013.
  150. ^ Cameron Joseph (June 12, 2012). "Sen. Mike Lee: Mormons have 'added dose of a belief in American exceptionalism'". thehill.com.
  151. ^ Kranish, Michael; Paulson, Michael (June 25, 2007). "The Making of Mitt Romney: Part 2: Centered in faith, a family emerges". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on June 25, 2007. Also available as "Mitt's LDS roots run deep". Deseret Morning News. July 2, 2007.
  152. ^ Kaleem, Jaweed (August 29, 2012). "Mitt Romney Holds Mormon Faith Close Through Political Rise". The Huffington Post.
  153. ^ David Plotz (September 15, 2000). "Richard Blumenthal He was supposed to be president. So why is he only Connecticut's attorney general?". slate.com.
  154. ^ Nick Baumann (January 7, 2010). "Why Richard Blumenthal is Popular". motherjones.com.
  155. ^ Kampeas, Ron (March 21, 2017). "A Jewish candidate gives Democrats hope in Atlanta's suburbs". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  156. ^ "NationalJournalAlmanac Maryland Sen. Ben Cardin (D)". National Journal. March 24, 2013. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013.
  157. ^ "Senator Benjamin 'Ben' L. Cardin's Biography". votesmart.org. March 24, 2013.
  158. ^ "SENATOR BERNIE SANDERS United States Senator for Vermont" (PDF). sanders.senate.gov. March 24, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2013.
  159. ^ Michael Powell (November 5, 2006). "Exceedingly Social, But Doesn't Like Parties". Washington Post.
  160. ^ Lochhead, Colton (July 4, 2016). "Congressional candidate Jacky Rosen a newcomer, unknown to most Southern Nevadans". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
  161. ^ "Congressional candidate Jacky Rosen talks issues from health care to national security". Las Vegas Sun. April 20, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
  162. ^ Sean Sullivan (December 27, 2012). "Who is Brian Schatz?". Washington Post.
  163. ^ Seung Min Kim. "Why Neil Abercrombie bucked Daniel Inouye pick". politico.com.
  164. ^ Jqanette Friedman (March 24, 2013). "What Is Charles Schumer's Religion?". politicsdaily.com.
  165. ^ Jennifer Senior (November 8, 2004). "See Chuck Run. And Run. And Run. And Run. But where is he going?". nymag.com.
  166. ^ "Senator Ron Wyden's Biography". votesmart.org. March 24, 2013.
  167. ^ Shelley M. Buxbaum, Sara E. Karesh (November 2002). Jewish Faith in America Prominent Jewish Politicians. Infobase. ISBN 9781438102559.
  168. ^ Yoree Koh (November 6, 2012). "Hirono Becomes First U.S. Senator Born in Japan". Wall Street Journal.
  169. ^ Elizabeth Tenety (January 3, 2013). "In 113th Congress: First Hindu, first Buddhist in Senate, and (maybe) first 'none'". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013.
  170. ^ Mark Oppenheimer (November 9, 2012). "Politicians Who Reject Labels Based on Religion". New York Times.
  171. ^ "BIO: Who Is Tammy Baldwin?". foxnewsinsider.com. November 6, 2012. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012.
  172. ^ Doug Erickson (November 20, 2012). "In the Spirit: When it comes to religious affiliation, Baldwin, Pocan 'unspecified'". Wisconsin State Journal.
  173. ^ "Sen. Michael Bennet (D-Colo.)". rollcall.com. March 24, 2013.
  174. ^ "Sen. Michael Bennet (D) Colorado". National Journal. March 24, 2013.
  175. ^ Kurt F. Stone (December 29, 2010). The Jews of Capitol Hill: A Compendium of Jewish Congressional Members. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810877382.
  176. ^ "Faith on the Hill: The Religious Composition of the 113th Congress". November 16, 2012.
  177. ^ Roig-Franzia, Manuel (January 3, 2013). "Congress' first openly bisexual member grew up Mormon, graduated from BYU". Standard Examiner. Archived from the original on November 22, 2015.
  178. ^ "About Three-in-Ten U.S. Adults Are Now Religiously Unaffiliated". Pew Research Center. December 14, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2023.

External links
Read more information:

Battlefield (album)

BattlefieldStandard edition coverAlbum studio karya Jordin SparksDirilis17 Juli 2009 (2009-07-17)DirekamJanuari–Juni 2009[1]GenrePopR&BDurasi44:45Label Jive 19 Produser Benny Blanco Cutfather Scott Cutler Toby Gad Claude Kelly Dr. Luke Harvey Mason, Jr. Carlos McKinney Sam Mizell Anne Preven The Runaways Lucas Secon Ryan Tedder Dapo Torimiro Kronologi Jordin Sparks Jordin Sparks(2007) Battlefield(2009) #ByeFelicia(2014) Singel dalam album Battlefield BattlefieldDirilis: 12…

BeppoSAX

A model of BeppoSAX. BeppoSAX adalah satelit Italia-Belanda untuk astronomi sinar-X yang memainkan peran penting dalam menyelesaikan asal ledakan sinar gamma (GRBs), peristiwa yang paling energik yang dikenal di alam semesta. Itu adalah misi X-ray pertama yang mampu secara bersamaan mengamati target selama lebih dari 3 dekade energi, 0,1-300 kiloelectronvolts (keV) dengan daerah yang relatif besar, baik (untuk saat ini) resolusi energi dan pencitraan kemampuan (dengan resolusi spasial 1 menit bu…

Benz Patent Motorwagen

Benz Patent-MotorwagenInformasiProdusenRheinische Gasmotorenfabrik Benz & Cie.Masa produksi1886-1893KronologiPenerusBenz Velo Benz Patent-Motorwagen (diproduksi tahun 1885) adalah mobil pertama yang diciptakan menggunakan mesin berkapasitas kecil yang menghasilkan daya cukup besar yang kini disebut sebagai mesin bensin. Kendaraan ini mendapatkan paten Jerman nomor 37435, waktu Karl Benz mengajukannya tanggal 29 Januari 1886. Pada waktu itu, Bertha Benz yang membiayai seluruh proses pembuatan…

Constitution of Croatia

For the film, see The Constitution (film). Supreme law of Croatia Constitution no. 1, which is kept in the great hall of the Palace of the Constitutional Court and is used on the occasion of the presidential inauguration Politics of Croatia Constitution Constitutional Act on the Rights of National Minorities in the Republic of Croatia Executive President (list) Zoran Milanović Cabinet (list) Prime Minister: Andrej Plenković Legislative Sabor (parliament) Speaker: Gordan Jandroković Current me…

ENIAC

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: ENIAC – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Foto klasik yang memperlihatkan ENIAC, di Moore School. ENIAC, singkatan dari Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, adalah komputer elektronik pe…

Jorge Campos

Jorge Campos Campos pada tahun 1993Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Jorge Campos NavarreteTanggal lahir 15 Oktober 1966 (umur 57)Tempat lahir Acapulco, Guerrero, MeksikoTinggi 1,7 m (5 ft 7 in)[1][2][3]Posisi bermain Penjaga gawang, penyerangKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1988–1995 UNAM 205 (28)1995–1996 Atlante 39 (0)1996–1997 LA Galaxy 43 (0)1997 Cruz Azul 2 (0)1998 Chicago Fire 9 (0)1998–1999 UNAM 43 (6)2000 Tigres UANL 17 (0)2000–2001 A…

باسكال الأول

باسكال الأول (باللاتينية: Paschalis PP. I)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد قيمة مجهولةروما الوفاة فبراير 11, 0824روما الديانة الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية مناصب بابا الفاتيكان (98 )   في المنصب29 يناير 817  – 11 فبراير 824  ستيفان الرابع  إيجين الثاني  الحياة العملية المهنة النشا…

Nicola Calipari

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento militari è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. Sebbene vi siano una bibliografia e/o dei collegamenti esterni, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con note a piè di pagina o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi migliorare questa voce citando le fonti più precisamente. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Andrea Nicola CalipariNascitaReggio Calabria, …

Louis de Crevant, duca di Humières

Louis de Crevant, I duca di HumièresLouis de Crevant in un ritratto d'epocaSoprannomeMaréchal duc-d'Humières NascitaCompiègne, 1628 MorteVersailles, 30 agosto 1694 ReligioneCattolicesimo Dati militariPaese servito Regno di Francia Forza armataEsercito francese Anni di servizio1646 - 1694 GradoMaresciallo di Francia GuerreGuerra dei Trent'anniGuerra franco-olandeseGuerra della Lega d'Augusta fonti nel testo voci di militari presenti su Wikipedia Manuale Louis de Crevant (Compièg…

Decompression practice

Techniques and procedures for safe decompression of divers Divers using the anchor cable as an aid to depth control during a decompression stop during ascent. To prevent or minimize decompression sickness, divers must properly plan and monitor decompression. Divers follow a decompression model to safely allow the release of excess inert gases dissolved in their body tissues, which accommodated as a result of breathing at ambient pressures greater than surface atmospheric pressure. Decompression …

Competitors for the Crown of Scotland

1290-1292 succession dispute in Scotland When the crown of Scotland became vacant in September 1290 on the death of the seven-year-old Queen Margaret, 13 claimants to the throne came forward. Those with the most credible claims were John Balliol; Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale; John Hastings and Floris V, Count of Holland. Fearing civil war, the Guardians of Scotland asked Edward I of England to arbitrate. Before agreeing, he obtained concessions going some way to revive English overlords…

Jiwaru Days

Jiwaru DaysSingel oleh AKB48Dirilis13 Maret 2019 (2019-03-13)FormatCDunduhan digitalGenreJ-popLabelKingKomponis musikYoshida TsukasaTsukada KoheiLirikusAkimoto YasushiKronologi singel AKB48 No Way Man (2018) Jiwaru Days (2019) Sustainable (2019) Jiwaru Days (ジワるcode: ja is deprecated , (Jiwaru) DAYS (Days)) adalah singel ke-55 karya grup idola Jepang AKB48. Singel tersebut dirilis di Jepang oleh King Records pada 13 Maret 2019, dalam tujuh versi. Singel tersebut menampilkan anggota ya…

Пистис София

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Пистис София (значения). «Пистис София» (от греч. πίστις «вера» и греч. σοφία «мудрость») — гностический христианский текст, датируемый II в. н. э.; греческий оригинал текста был утерян, коптский перевод был найден в 1773 г…

Tahir Rafique Butt

Former Pakistan Air Force Chief This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Tahir Rafique Butt – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this me…

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「弐」…

Orchestre symphonique de Montréal

Orchestre symphonique de Montréal L'OSM à la Maison symphonique de Montréal Pays de résidence Canada Ville de résidence Montréal, Québec Années d'activité Depuis 1934 Type de formation Orchestre symphonique Genre Musique classique Direction Rafael Payare (2022-) Site web www.osm.ca/fr modifier  L'Orchestre symphonique de Montréal est un orchestre symphonique canadien basé à Montréal, fondé en 1934. Le chef d'orchestre d'origine vénézuélienne Rafael Payare est le directeur m…

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） 土…

美国众议院

此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2021年7月4日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：美国众议院 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（判定指引）。 美國眾議院 United States House of Representatives第118届美国国会众议院徽章 众议院旗帜…

Aalesunds FK

Aalesunds FKNama lengkapAalesunds FotballklubbJulukanTangotrøyene (Tangoshirts), Tango, De oransje og blå (Orange and blue)Nama singkatAaFKBerdiri25 Juni 1914; 109 tahun lalu (1914-06-25)StadionColor Line StadionÅlesund(Kapasitas: 10,778)KetuaJan Petter HagenManajerChristian JohnsenLigaEliteserien2022Eliteserien, 9 dari 16Situs webSitus web resmi klub Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Musim ini Aalesunds Fotballklubb, umumnya dikenal sebagai Aalesund atau AaFK, adalah klub sepak bola No…

Pulaski Park, Northampton

Pulaski Park in 2023 Pulaski Park is a small urban park located in the city of Northampton, Massachusetts. It is situated on Main Street (State Highway 9) between the City Hall and the Academy of Music Theatre. The park was named after Polish military leader Casimir Pulaski. Features The park consists of shade trees, walkways, benches, a playground, and a small stage.[1] The front of the park has a plaza with movable cafeteria tables and chairs. Behind the plaza is a grassy space suitabl…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya