Republic Airlines

Republic Airlines
Founded	July 1, 1979;; 45 years ago; (amalgamation)
Ceased operations	September 30, 1986;; 38 years ago; (merged into Northwest Airlines)
Hubs	Detroit; Memphis; Minneapolis/St. Paul;
Frequent-flyer program	Perks Program
Headquarters	Fort Snelling, Minnesota, ; United States
Key people	Stephen Wolf (1984–1986)

Republic Airlines was an airline in the United States that operated from 1979 until it merged with Northwest Airlines in 1986. Republic was formed by the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways on July 1, 1979. Their headquarters were at Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport, in what is now Fort Snelling in unincorporated Hennepin County, Minnesota.^[1]^[2] The former headquarters is now Delta Air Lines Building C.^[3]

History

Republic Airlines began in 1979 with the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways,^[4] the first such merger following the federal Airline Deregulation Act.^[5] The new airline's headquarters were at Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport where it operated a major hub, however, their largest hub was at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. A third hub was also operated at Memphis International Airport. Following their buyout of Hughes Airwest in 1980,^[6]^[7] Republic became the largest airline in the U.S. by number of airports served. New hubs were also acquired at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and at Las Vegas McCarran International Airport.

The company operated the world's largest McDonnell Douglas DC-9 fleet, with DC-9-10, DC-9-30 and DC-9-50s and also flew Boeing 727-200, Boeing 757-200, and McDonnell Douglas MD-80 jets. In addition, Republic operated Convair 580 turboprops previously flown by North Central.^[8]

After the merger, losses mounted^[9] and service reductions followed.^[10] Saddled with debt from two acquisitions and new aircraft, the airline struggled in the early 1980s,^[11]^[12]^[13] and even introduced a human mascot version of Herman the Duck.^[14]^[15] They reduced service to Phoenix and Las Vegas, former hubs of Hughes Airwest, citing their inability to compete with non-union airlines there,^[16] and eventually dismantled the former extensive route system operated by Hughes Airwest in the western U.S.^[17] As a result, this caused the airline’s image to worsen at a sensitive time, and rather than Republic, the airline was becoming known as "Repulsive".^[18]

In early 1985 Republic teamed up with Simmons Airlines and Express Airlines I to provide feeder service from dozens of smaller cities to Republic's three main hub airports at Detroit, Memphis, and Minneapolis. The service was known as Republic Express using turboprop aircraft that were painted as Republic Airlines, accommodating from 14 to 34 passengers.^[19]

Northwest Airlines

In 1986, Northwest Orient Airlines announced on January 23 that they would buy Republic for $884 million^[9]^[20] in response to United Airlines' purchase of the Pacific routes of Pan American World Airways and to provide domestic feed.^[21] Opposed by the Justice Department,^[22] the Northwest-Republic merger was approved by the Transportation Department on July 31^[23]^[24] and was completed on October 1, with Northwest dropping the word Orient from their name after the merger.^[25] Republic's hubs at Minneapolis, Memphis, and Detroit became the backbone of Northwest's domestic network.

Northwest later merged with Delta Air Lines in October 2008; the deal was finalized in January 2010, with Delta as the surviving air carrier. Republic's hubs in Detroit and the Twin Cities have remained intact with Delta; Memphis was dehubbed in 2013.

Frequent flyer program

In October 1984 Republic introduced a new frequent flyer program called the Perks program. The new program eliminated the need to place a frequent flyer account number sticker on each flight ticket coupon, with earned mileage automatically being assigned to accounts if the reservation was booked directly with Republic. Each flight segment earned a minimum of 1,000 miles or the actual mileage, if greater. A domestic round trip reward ticket was automatically issued every 20,000 miles. The new program included a partnership with Pan American World Airways for earning and redeeming mileage awards. In January 1986, Western Airlines was added as a partner. Effective October 1, 1986, the Republic Perks frequent flyer program was merged into Northwest Airlines which adopted the WorldPerks program name, taken from Republic.

Fleet

Destinations in 1986

According to the Republic Airlines system route map dated March 2, 1986, the airline was serving the following domestic and international destinations shortly before the merger with Northwest Airlines:^[26]

Domestic

Alabama

Arizona

Phoenix – Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (previously a hub immediately following the acquisition of Hughes Airwest in 1980; sold to startup carrier America West Airlines in 1983)^[27]
Tucson

Arkansas

Little Rock

California

Los Angeles – Los Angeles International Airport (previously a hub immediately following the acquisition of Hughes Airwest in 1980) ^[27]
Orange County (SNA, now John Wayne Airport)
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco – San Francisco International Airport (previously a hub immediately following the acquisition of Hughes Airwest in 1980) ^[27]

Colorado

Denver – Stapleton International Airport

Connecticut

Hartford – Bradley International Airport

Florida

Fort Lauderdale
Fort Walton Beach
Miami
Orlando – Orlando International Airport (previously a focus city immediately following the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways in 1979) ^[28]
Panama City – Panama City–Bay County International Airport
Sarasota
Tampa

Georgia

Atlanta – Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport (previously a hub immediately following the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways in 1979 but no longer a hub in 1986) ^[28]

Illinois

Chicago – Chicago O'Hare International Airport (previously a hub immediately following the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways in 1979) ^[28]

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Wichita – Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport

Kentucky

Louisville – Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport

Louisiana

Baton Rouge
New Orleans – Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (previously a focus city immediately following the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways in 1979) ^[29]
Shreveport

Maryland

Baltimore – Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport

Massachusetts

Boston – Boston Logan International Airport

Michigan

Detroit – Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport – Hub
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing
Saginaw

Minnesota

Duluth
Hibbing
International Falls
Minneapolis – Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport – Hub & airline headquarters
Rochester

Mississippi

Gulfport/Biloxi
Meridian
Pascagoula – served via Mobile, AL

Missouri

Nebraska

Omaha

Nevada

Las Vegas – Harry Reid International Airport (previously a hub immediately following the acquisition of Hughes Airwest in 1980; sold to startup carrier America West Airlines in 1983) ^[27]

New York

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Portland

Pennsylvania

South Dakota

Tennessee

Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis – Memphis International Airport - Hub
Nashville

Texas

Utah

Salt Lake City – Salt Lake City International Airport (previously a focus city immediately following the acquisition of Hughes Airwest in 1980) ^[28]

Washington, D.C. / Virginia

Washington state

Seattle – Seattle–Tacoma International Airport (previously a hub immediately following the acquisition of Hughes Airwest in 1980) ^[27]

Wisconsin

Appleton
Eau Claire
Green Bay
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee – Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport (previously a focus city immediately following the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways in 1979; sold to startup carrier Midwest Airlines in 1984)^[30]
Wausau

International

Canada

Cayman Islands

Grand Cayman

Mexico

Incident

The airline had a high safety rating, but incurred a passenger fatality in 1983 when a section of propeller blade entered the cabin of Flight 927 at Brainerd, Minnesota on Sunday, January 9.^[31] Arriving from Minneapolis in sleet and snow showers at 7:40 p.m., the Convair 580 skidded off the right edge of the runway and the right propeller struck a snowbank. Three other passengers were injured, one seriously.^[32]^[33] Following this incident, the airline had a number of close calls in 1983.^[13] In 1985, a pilot for the airline named Jack Brasher deviated 700 feet from an assigned altitude in flight. As a result, a warning was issued to him months later. The warning would be named after him - the Brasher warning.^[34]

References

^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. March 30, 1985. 111.
^ "Fort Snelling UT, Hennepin county, Minnesota ." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on December 19, 2009.
^ Niemela, Jennifer. "Delta reaches deal on Minnesota jobs." Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal. Tuesday December 16, 2008. Retrieved on January 19, 2012.
^ "Republic looking at Airwest". Milwaukee Journal. (Los Angeles Times). March 12, 1980. p. 17.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "North Central, Southern Airlines merger gets final OK from Carter". Milwaukee Senitnel. UPI. June 5, 1979. p. 5-part 2.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Republic Airlines gets CAB approval for Hughes merger". Milwaukee Sentinel. UPI. September 13, 1980. p. 7-part 2.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Republic Airlines takes over Hughes Airwest on October 1". Deseret News. UPI. September 18, 1980. p. 10B.
^ Hengi, B.I. (2000). Airlines Remembered: Over 200 Airlines of the Past, Described and Illustrated in Colour. Midland. ISBN 9781857800913.
^ ^a ^b Daniell, Tina (January 24, 1986). "Northwest takes a big step toward ensuring survival". Milwaukee Journal. p. 5-part 3.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Spokane losing Republic air service". Spokesman-Review. Spokane. February 3, 1983. p. 1.
^ Sussman, Lawrence (December 15, 1981). "Republic's financial woes leave Milwaukee vulnerable". Milwaukee Journal. p. 12-part 2.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Grant, Linda (January 30, 1982). "Airline industry may be teetering on the brink of disaster". Anchorage Daily News. (Los Angeles Times). p. E2.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b "Turbulent times for Republic Airlines". Ocala Star-Banner. Associated Press. August 30, 1983. p. 2D.
^ "Duck the issue? Airline promoters try anything". Free-Lance Star. Fredericksburg, VA. Associated Press. April 8, 1982. p. 5.
^ Ehrenhalt, Lizzie (December 19, 2011). "The amazing journey of Herman the Duck, Minnesota's goofiest historic artifact". Twin Cities Daily Planet. Minnesota Historical Society.
^ "Republic cuts service to Des Moines". Daily Reporter. Spencer, IA. Associated Press. October 12, 1984. p. 6A.
^ http://www.departedflights.com, September 1, 1980 Hughes Airwest system route map and March 2, 1986 Republic Airlines system route map
^ "Republic Airlines Pt1: 1979-1984 Bigger Is Better?". September 13, 2022. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |source= ignored (help)
^ Republic Airlines timetable April 28, 1985
^ "Northwest Orient will buy Republic to become third largest airline". Deseret News. UPI. January 24, 1986. p. 4A.
^ "Pan Am's sacrifice ends aviation era". Milwaukee Journal. (New York Times). February 11, 1986. p. 6-part 3.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Republic deal delayed". Milwaukee Sentinel. April 29, 1986. p. 13-part 4.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Northwest-Republic merger creates third-largest carrier". Miami News. Associated Press. August 1, 1986. p. 9A.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Two airlines get approval for merger". Eugene Register-Guard. August 1, 1986. p. 1C.
^ Walters, Robert (October 2, 1986). "Trend toward monopolizing of the skies". Waycross Journal-Herald. p. P-3.
^ http://www.departedflights.com, March 2, 1986 Republic Airlines system route map
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e http://www.departedflights.com, Dec. 1, 1980 Republic Airlines system route map
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d http://www.departedflights.com, July 1, 1979 Republic Airlines system route map
^ http://www.departedflights.com, July 1, 1979 Republic Airlines system timetable
^ http://www.departedflights.com, July 1, 1979 Republic Airlines system roure map
^ "Plane slides off runway; woman killed". Milwaukee Sentinel. (wire services). January 10, 1983. p. 2-part 1.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "1 passenger dies, 3 hurt as plane skids off runway". Milwaukee Journal. UPI. January 10, 1983. p. 4-part 1.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ NTSB Accident Report NTSB-AR-83-08, October 18, 1983, p. 1-2
^ Godlewski, Meg (2024-06-26). "What Is a Brasher Warning?". FLYING. Retrieved 2024-10-22.

External links

Fleet and code information
Fleet information
Republic Airlines historical artifacts - inventory list of items stored at the Minnesota Historical Society
Aviation Safety Network – Republic Airlines

[1] "World Airline Directory." Flight International. March 30, 1985. 111.

[2] "Fort Snelling UT, Hennepin county, Minnesota ." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on December 19, 2009.

[Niemela-3] Niemela, Jennifer. "Delta reaches deal on Minnesota jobs." Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal. Tuesday December 16, 2008. Retrieved on January 19, 2012.

[reloaaw-4] "Republic looking at Airwest". Milwaukee Journal. (Los Angeles Times). March 12, 1980. p. 17.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[ncsamok-5] "North Central, Southern Airlines merger gets final OK from Carter". Milwaukee Senitnel. UPI. June 5, 1979. p. 5-part 2.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[ragcabapp-6] "Republic Airlines gets CAB approval for Hughes merger". Milwaukee Sentinel. UPI. September 13, 1980. p. 7-part 2.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[ratohawoct-7] "Republic Airlines takes over Hughes Airwest on October 1". Deseret News. UPI. September 18, 1980. p. 10B.

[8] Hengi, B.I. (2000). Airlines Remembered: Over 200 Airlines of the Past, Described and Illustrated in Colour. Midland. ISBN 9781857800913.

[nwtabst-9] Daniell, Tina (January 24, 1986). "Northwest takes a big step toward ensuring survival". Milwaukee Journal. p. 5-part 3.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[spolosr-10] "Spokane losing Republic air service". Spokesman-Review. Spokane. February 3, 1983. p. 1.

[rfwlmv-11] Sussman, Lawrence (December 15, 1981). "Republic's financial woes leave Milwaukee vulnerable". Milwaukee Journal. p. 12-part 2.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[aimbtobod-12] Grant, Linda (January 30, 1982). "Airline industry may be teetering on the brink of disaster". Anchorage Daily News. (Los Angeles Times). p. E2.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[tufftra-13] "Turbulent times for Republic Airlines". Ocala Star-Banner. Associated Press. August 30, 1983. p. 2D.

[dtiawta-14] "Duck the issue? Airline promoters try anything". Free-Lance Star. Fredericksburg, VA. Associated Press. April 8, 1982. p. 5.

[tajohtd-15] Ehrenhalt, Lizzie (December 19, 2011). "The amazing journey of Herman the Duck, Minnesota's goofiest historic artifact". Twin Cities Daily Planet. Minnesota Historical Society.

[rcsevtdm-16] "Republic cuts service to Des Moines". Daily Reporter. Spencer, IA. Associated Press. October 12, 1984. p. 6A.

[17] ttp://www.departedflights.com, September 1, 1980 Hughes Airwest system route map and March 2, 1986 Republic Airlines system route map

[18] "Republic Airlines Pt1: 1979-1984 Bigger Is Better?". September 13, 2022. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |source= ignored (help)

[19] Republic Airlines timetable April 28, 1985

[nwowbrt-20] "Northwest Orient will buy Republic to become third largest airline". Deseret News. UPI. January 24, 1986. p. 4A.

[paseae-21] "Pan Am's sacrifice ends aviation era". Milwaukee Journal. (New York Times). February 11, 1986. p. 6-part 3.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[rebdd-22] "Republic deal delayed". Milwaukee Sentinel. April 29, 1986. p. 13-part 4.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[nrmctlc-23] "Northwest-Republic merger creates third-largest carrier". Miami News. Associated Press. August 1, 1986. p. 9A.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[twoair-24] "Two airlines get approval for merger". Eugene Register-Guard. August 1, 1986. p. 1C.

[ttmots-25] Walters, Robert (October 2, 1986). "Trend toward monopolizing of the skies". Waycross Journal-Herald. p. P-3.

[26] ttp://www.departedflights.com, March 2, 1986 Republic Airlines system route map

[departedflights.com-27] ttp://www.departedflights.com, Dec. 1, 1980 Republic Airlines system route map

[ReferenceA-28] ttp://www.departedflights.com, July 1, 1979 Republic Airlines system route map

[29] ttp://www.departedflights.com, July 1, 1979 Republic Airlines system timetable

[30] ttp://www.departedflights.com, July 1, 1979 Republic Airlines system roure map

[psorpk-31] "Plane slides off runway; woman killed". Milwaukee Sentinel. (wire services). January 10, 1983. p. 2-part 1.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[opdthaps-32] "1 passenger dies, 3 hurt as plane skids off runway". Milwaukee Journal. UPI. January 10, 1983. p. 4-part 1.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[33] NTSB Accident Report NTSB-AR-83-08, October 18, 1983, p. 1-2

[34] Godlewski, Meg (2024-06-26). "What Is a Brasher Warning?". FLYING. Retrieved 2024-10-22.

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Republic Airlines

History

Northwest Airlines

Frequent flyer program

Fleet

Destinations in 1986

Domestic

International

Incident

See also

References

External links

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