Richard E. Cavazos
General Richard E. Cavazos
Born	(1929-01-31)31 January 1929 Kingsville, Texas, U.S.
Died	29 October 2017(2017-10-29) (aged 88) San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
Buried	Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States
Service / branch	United States Army
Years of service	1951–1984
Rank	General
Commands	United States Army Forces Command (1982–84) III Corps (1980–82) 9th Infantry Division (1977–80) 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division (1976) 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry Regiment (1967)
Battles / wars	Korean War Vietnam War Operation Urgent Fury
Awards	Distinguished Service Cross (2) Army Distinguished Service Medal Silver Star (2) Defense Superior Service Medal Legion of Merit (2) Distinguished Flying Cross Bronze Star Medal (5) Purple Heart
Alma mater	Texas Tech University (BS)
Other work	Texas Tech University Board of Regents

Richard Edward Cavazos (31 January 1929 – 29 October 2017) was a United States Army 4-star general. He was a Korean War recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross as a first lieutenant and advanced in rank to become the United States Army's first Hispanic four-star general.^[1] During the Vietnam War, as a lieutenant colonel, Cavazos was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross. In 1976, Cavazos became the first Mexican-American to reach the rank of brigadier general in the United States Army.^[2] Cavazos served for 33 years, with his final command as head of the United States Army Forces Command. On 25 May 2022, The Naming Commission recommended that Fort Hood be renamed to Fort Cavazos, in recognition of Gen. Cavazos' military service.^[3] Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin ordered the renaming on 6 October 2022.^[4] The re-designation as Fort Cavazos occurred on 9 May 2023.^[5]

Richard Cavazos, a Mexican-American,^[6] was born on 31 January 1929, in Kingsville, Texas. His brother is former United States Secretary of Education, Lauro Cavazos.^[7] He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in geology from Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) in 1951, where he played on the football team and was a distinguished graduate of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps program.^[8][9]: 57 He received further military education at the Command and General Staff College, the British Army Staff College, the Armed Forces Staff College, and the United States Army War College.^[10] He received basic officer training at Fort Benning, Georgia, followed by training at Airborne School. He then deployed to Korea with the 65th Infantry.

During the Korean War, as a member of the 65th Infantry Regiment, a unit of mostly natives of Puerto Rico, he distinguished himself, receiving both the Silver Star and Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions.

On 25 February 1953, Cavazos's Company E was attacked by the enemy. During the fight against a numerically superior enemy force, Cavazos distinguished himself and received the Silver Star for his actions. His company was able to emerge victorious from the battle.^[2] On June 14, 1953, Cavazos again distinguished himself during an attack on Hill 142, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions on that day.^[2]

On 10 September 1953, per General Orders No. 832, Cavazos was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Korean War. His citation reads:

The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Richard E. Cavazos (O-64593), First Lieutenant (Infantry), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy of the United Nations while as Company Commander of Company E, 2d Battalion, 65th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division. First Lieutenant Cavazos distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action against enemy aggressor forces in the vicinity of Sagimak, Korea, on the night of 14 June 1953. On that date, Lieutenant Cavazos led his men in a raid on the entrenched enemy upon whom heavy casualties were inflicted. When a heavy barrage was laid on the position by the enemy, Lieutenant Cavazos withdrew the company and regrouped his men. Lieutenant Cavazos three times led the company through the heavy barrage in assaults on the enemy position, each time destroying vital enemy equipment and personnel. When the United Nations element was ordered to withdraw, Lieutenant Cavazos remained alone on the enemy outpost to search the area for missing men. Exposed to heavy hostile fire, Lieutenant Cavazos located five men who had been wounded in the action. He evacuated them, one at a time, to a point on the reverse slope of the hill from which they could be removed to the safety of the friendly lines. Lieutenant Cavazos then made two more trips between the United Nations position and the enemy-held hill searching for casualties and evacuating scattered groups of men who had become confused. Not until he was assured that the hill was cleared did he allow treatment of his own wounds sustained during the action.^[11]

In February 1967, Cavazos, then a lieutenant colonel, became commander of the 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry Regiment.^[1] In October and November 1967, his battalion was engaged in fighting near the Cambodian border. During an attack at Loc Ninh in October 1967, his unit was able to repulse the enemy. For his valiant leadership at Loc Ninh, he was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross.

On 17 December 1967, per General Orders No. 6479, Lieutenant Colonel Cavazos was awarded his second Distinguished Service Cross for his actions on 30 October 1967. His citation reads:

The Distinguished Service Cross (First Oak Leaf Cluster) is presented to Richard E. Cavazos, Lieutenant Colonel (Infantry), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations involving conflict with an armed hostile force in the Republic of Vietnam, while serving with Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry, 3d Brigade, 1st Infantry Division. Lieutenant Colonel Cavazos distinguished himself by exceptionally valorous actions on 30 October 1967 while, as battalion commander, he led his unit on a search and destroy operation in a large rubber plantation near Loc Ninh. One of his companies was making a reconnaissance when it suddenly began receiving heavy fire from a Viet Cong battalion in well-entrenched positions on the slope of a hill. Colonel Cavazos immediately led his other elements forward and engaged the enemy forces as they began assaulting the company. Constantly exposed to savage hostile fire and shrapnel from exploding grenades, he moved among his troops directing a counterattack. As the Viet Cong broke contact and fled to their fortified positions on the hillside, Colonel Cavazos called for air strikes and artillery fire on the crest and forward slopes of the hill in order to cut off the insurgents' line of retreat. When the fighting reached such close quarters that supporting fire could no longer be used, he completely disregarded his own safety and personally led a determined assault on the enemy positions. The assault was carried out with such force and aggressiveness that the Viet Cong were overrun and fled their trenches. Colonel Cavazos then directed artillery fire on the hilltop, and the insurgents were destroyed as they ran. His brilliant leadership in the face of grave danger resulted in maximum enemy casualties and the capture of many hostile weapons. Lieutenant Colonel Cavazos' extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army.^[12]

After Vietnam, Cavazos served as commander of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, and commander, 9th Infantry Division.

In 1976, Cavazos became the first Hispanic to reach the rank of brigadier general in the United States Army.^[2] In 1980, he became commander of III Corps.^[13]

In 1982, Cavazos again made military history by being appointed the army's first Hispanic four-star general.^[1] The same year, Cavazos assumed command of the United States Army Forces Command. His early support for the National Training Center and his involvement in the development of the Battle Command Training Program enormously influenced the war fighting capabilities of the United States Army.^[13]

On 17 June 1984, after thirty-three years of distinguished service, General Cavazos retired from the United States Army.

In 1985, Cavazos was appointed to the Chemical Warfare Review Committee by President Reagan. Cavazos served on the Board of Regents of his alma mater, Texas Tech University.

Born in Kingsville, Texas, Cavazos grew up on King Ranch.^[14] Cavazos was married with four children. He resided in San Antonio, Texas.

He was the brother of Lauro Cavazos, former Texas Tech University president and former United States Secretary of Education.^[15]

Cavazos died at the age of 88 in San Antonio on 29 October 2017, due to complications of Alzheimer's disease.^[16] He was buried with full military honors at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery.

Cavazos's military awards include two Distinguished Service Crosses, Army Distinguished Service Medal, two Silver Stars,^[17] Defense Superior Service Medal, two Legion of Merit awards, five Bronze Star Medals, the Purple Heart, the Combat Infantryman Badge, and the Parachutist Badge. Cavazos was also awarded an honorary lifetime membership in the National Guard Association of Texas; was inducted into the Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame and Ranger Regiment Association Hall of Fame; and received the Doughboy Award of National Infantry Association, 1991.^[2]

U.S. Individual Decorations
	Distinguished Service Cross w/ oak leaf cluster
	Army Distinguished Service Medal
	Silver Star w/ oak leaf cluster
	Defense Superior Service Medal
	Legion of Merit w/ oak leaf cluster
	Distinguished Flying Cross
	Bronze Star Medal w/ "V" device and three oak leaf clusters
	Bronze Star Medal (second ribbon required for accouterment spacing)
	Purple Heart
	Meritorious Service Medal
	Air Medal w/ "V" Device and award numeral 9
	Joint Service Commendation Medal
	Army Commendation Medal
U.S. Good Conduct Medal and Service Medals
	National Defense Service Medal w/ one 3⁄16" bronze star
	Korean Service Medal w/ four 3⁄16" bronze stars
	Vietnam Service Medal w/ three 3⁄16" bronze stars
	Army Service Ribbon
	Army Overseas Service Ribbon with Award numeral 2
Foreign Individual Decorations
	National Order of Vietnam (Knight)
	Vietnam Army Distinguished Service Order (2nd Class)
	Vietnam Cross of Gallantry w/ Palm and one 5⁄16" gold star
	Order of National Security Merit (Gukseon Medal)
	Order of Military Merit (Grand Officer)
Foreign Service Medals
	United Nations Service Medal (Korea)
	Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal w/ 1960– device
	Republic of Korea War Service Medal

U.S. Unit Awards
	Valorous Unit Award
Foreign Unit Awards
	Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation
	Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation
	Republic of Vietnam Civil Actions Medal Unit Citation

U.S. Badges, Patches and Tabs
	Combat Infantryman Badge w/ one silver star (2 awards)
	US Parachutist Badge
	Ranger tab

The 2021 Defense Authorization Act directed the removal of names that "honor or commemorate the Confederate States of America." A goal of the Naming Commission is to inspire service members from diverse communities by giving military facilities "proud new names that are rooted in their local communities and that honor American heroes whose valor, courage, and patriotism exemplify the very best of the United States military."^[18]

On 25 May 2022, the Naming Commission recommended that Fort Hood be renamed to Fort Cavazos, in recognition of Gen. Cavazos's military service.^[3] Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin ordered the renaming on 6 October 2022.^[4]

• Borinqueneers Congressional Gold Medal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richard E. Cavazos.

• "Richard E. Cavazos". Hispanic Heritage — Biographies. Thomson Gale. 2003. Retrieved 17 January 2007.

• "Richard E. Cavazos, General, USA". CGSC Hall of Fame — Post-World War II. Command and General Staff College, United States Army. Retrieved 17 January 2007.

• "Richard E. Cavazos, First Hispanic-American Four Star General". Celebrating Hispanic Heritage. GoArmy.com, U.S. Army. Archived from the original on 25 November 2006. Retrieved 17 January 2007.

• "Profile: General Richard E. Cavazos". Hispanic Americans in the United States Army. United States Army. Retrieved 17 January 2007.

• "1st Lieutenant Richard E. Cavazos, Silver Star citation". Borinqueneers website. Retrieved 17 January 2007.

• Hispanic Americans in the U.S. Army