Timeline of Kabul

The following is a timeline of the history of Kabul, Afghanistan.

Prior to 20th century

Circa 1500–1200 B.C. – The Rigveda, a book of Vedic Sanskrit hymns, called this town "Kubha". By about 1000 BC the Zend Avesta of Zoroastrianism mentioned the region and praised it as ideal.^[1]^[2]^[3]

c. 678–549 BCE. - Kabul valley was part of the Median Empire.

c. 549 BCE. the Median Empire was annexed by Cyrus the Great and Kabul valley became part the Achaemenid Empire.

c. 330 BCE. the Achaemenid empire was conquered by Alexander the Great.

c. 305 BCE. the valley is seized by Alexander's general Seleucus, becoming part of the Seleucid Empire.

c. 5th century CE – Bala Hissar (fortress) built.

565 – Kabul Shahi is in power.

794 – Shahi capital relocated to Kabul from Kapisa.

1461 – Wali khan Beg is in power.^[4]

1502 – Arghunid Muqim in power.^[4]

1504 – Siege of Kabul; Mughal Babur in power.^[4] ^[5]

1528 – Gardens of Babur developed outside city.

1545 – Mughal Humayun in power.^[6]

1637 – Char Chatta Bazaar built.^[7]

1646 – Shahjahani Mosque built.^[8]

1738 – Persian Nader Shah captures citadel.^[4]

1747 – Ahmad Shah Durrani in power.^[4]

1772 – Timur Shah Naizy in power.^[4]

1773 – Durrani capital relocated to Kabul from Kandahar (approximate date).^[7]

1793 – Timur Shah Mausoleum built.^[8]

1838 – British troops arrive.^[9]

1839 – 7 August: Shah Shujah Durrani in power.^[9]

1841 – 2 November: Uprising against Shah Shujah Durrani.^[7]

1842

Battle of Kabul.
19 February: The Jalalabad earthquake caused severe damage and 500 deaths.

1850 – Char Chatta (bazaar) restored.^[10]

1879
- 3 September: British residency attacked.^[7]
- October: British occupy Kabul.^[7]
- December: Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment.
1880 - Accession of Abdur Rahman Khan as Emir of Afghanistan.^[5]

20th century

1901
- Arg (presidential palace) built.^[11]
- Population: 140,000 (estimate).^[5]
1903 – Habibia High School founded.
1913 – Clock tower built.^[12]
1919
- Mu'arrif-i ma'arif begins publication.^[13]
- Id Gah Mosque and Amir 'Abd al-Rahman Mausoleum built.^[8]
1920s
- Shah-Do Shamshira Mosque built.^[8]
- Tajbeg Palace and Darul Aman Palace built outside city.
1922 / 1301 SH
- Lycée Esteqlal established.
- Solar Hijri calendar officially adopted in Afghanistan.
1923 – Kabul–Darulaman Tramway constructed.
1924 – Amani High School founded.
1928 – Paghman Gardens open.
1931
- Kabul University established.
- National Museum of Afghanistan relocated to Darulaman from Koti Bagcha.^[14]
1933 – 8 November: Mohammed Nadir Shah assassinated.^[15]
1940 – Radio Kabul begins broadcasting with 20 kilowatt transmitter.
1948 – Ghulam Mohammad Farhad becomes mayor.
1957 – Sherpur Mosque built.^[8]
1961 – Jangalak neighborhood established.^[16]
1965 – Population: 435,000.^[4]

1967
- Kabul Zoo inaugurated.
- Kabul Golf Club opens outside city.
1968 – Naghlu Dam begins generating hydroelectric power.
1969 – Hotel Inter-Continental in business.
1970 – Kabul Airport in operation (approximate date).
1973 – Population: 318,094 city; 534,350 urban agglomeration.^[17]
1975 – Rock music festival held.^[18]

1977 – Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan founded.
1978
- April: Anti-Daoud demonstrations.^{[citation needed]}
- 28 April: Coup.
1979 – 27 December: Soviet forces occupy city.
1980 - 22 February: 3 Hut uprising
1988 – Population: 1,424,400 (estimate).^[19]
1989 – Soviet troops withdraw.^[20]
1992 – April: Battle of Kabul (1992–1996) begins.^[20]
1995 – 6 September: Pakistani embassy sacked.
1996 – 27 September: Taliban take city.

21st century

2001
- November: City besieged by United States forces.
- Population: 2,080,000 (estimate).^[4]
2002
- January: Marjan of Kabul Zoo dies.
- Nejat Drug Rehabilitation Centre active.^[21]
- September: Bombing.
2003
- December: Constitutional convention.
- Khwaja Faqiron Mosque reconstructed.^[8]
- Music school established.^[22]
2004
- Jamhuriat Hospital built.
- Sultani Museum established.^[20]
2005
- French Medical Institute for Children established.
- City administrative sectors expand to 18 (from 11).^{[citation needed]}
- Kabul City Center (shopping mall) opens.
2008
- January: Serena Hotel attack.
- July: Bombing of Indian embassy.^[23]
2009
- February: Raids.
- August: Bombing of NATO building.
- October: Bombing of Indian embassy.
- October: UN attack.
- Air pollution in Kabul reaches annual mean of 86 PM2.5 and 260 PM10, much higher than recommended.^[24]
2010
- January: Muhammad Yunus Nawandish becomes mayor.
- January attack.
- February attack.
- May bombing.
2011
- May: Bombing of military hospital.^[25]
- June: Inter-Continental Hotel attack.
- September attack.
- December: Bombing at mosque.
- Kabul National Cricket Stadium opens.^{[citation needed]}
- Institute for Afghan Arts & Architecture established.^[26]
2012
- February: Quran burning protests.^[27]
- April attacks by Taliban.^[23]^[27]
- May: Assassination of Arsala Rahmani Daulat.^[27]
- Abdul Rahman Mosque and Afghanistan Football Federation stadium open.
- Population: 3,289,000 (estimate).^[28]
2013
- June bombings.
- Presidential palace attack.
2014
2015
2016
- February bombing.
- April attack.
- Attack on Canadian Embassy guards.
- July bombing near Deh Mazang square.
- 1 August attack.
- American University attack.
- September attack.
- November bombing.
- Population: 3,817,241 (estimate).^[29]
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021

References

^ Adamec, Ludwig. Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan, p. (Scarecrow Press, Rowman & Littlefield, 2012).
^ Street, Lucie. The Tent Pegs of Heaven: A Journey Through Afghanistan, p. 49 (Hale, 1967): "The Rigveda refers to the city of Kabul by name as 'Kubha'...."
^ "Kabul: City of lost glories". BBC News. November 12, 2001. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Bosworth 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Britannica 1910.
^ Stephen F. Dale; Alam Payind (1999). "The Ahrārī Waqf in Kābul in the Year 1546 and the Mughūl Naqshbandiyyah". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 119 (2): 218–233. doi:10.2307/606107. JSTOR 606107.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Balfour 1885.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ArchNet.org. "Kabul". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012.
^ ^a ^b Louis Dupree (1967). "The Retreat of the British Army from Kabul to Jalalabad in 1842: History and Folklore". Journal of the Folklore Institute. 4.
^ Gazetteer of India 1908.
^ Grove 2009.
^ Frederick Simpich (January 1921). "Every-Day Life in Afghanistan". National Geographic Magazine. USA.
^ "Afghanistan Digital Library". New York University. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
^ Nancy Hatch Dupree (20 April 1998). "Museum Under Siege". Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
^ M. Henneberger (23 December 2001). "A Nation Challenged: the Exiled Ruler". New York Times.
^ "Once Prosperous, Jangalak Now Fills With Refugees". Eurasianet.org. Open Society Institute. 15 October 2010.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ John Baily (2005). "So near, so Far: Kabul's Music in Exile". Ethnomusicology Forum. 14.
^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c "History of Kabul". Kabul. Lonely Planet. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
^ "About Us". Kabul: Nejat Center. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
^ "Afghanistan Music Unit". Goldsmiths, University of London. Retrieved 1 March 2013. Aga Khan Music Initiative in Central Asia
^ ^a ^b "Afghanistan Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 17 December 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Suicide Bomber Attacks Kabul Military Hospital". New York Times. 21 May 2011.
^ "Urban Regeneration". Turquoise Mountain Foundation. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
^ Central Statistics Organization. "Population of Kabul City by District and Sex 2012–13". Government of Afghanistan. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Cabul", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
Alexander Burnes (1973), Cabool: being a personal narrative of a journey to, and residence in that city, in the years 1836, 7, and 8, London: J. Murray (published 1842), OCLC 7415868
Mountstuart Elphinstone (1842), "(City of Caubul)", An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul (2nd ed.), London: R. Bentley, OCLC 03061751
G.T. Vigne (1843), "(Kabul)", A Personal Narrative of a Visit to Ghuzni, Kabul and Afghanistan (2nd ed.), London: G. Routledge, OCLC 6388460
Joshua Duke (1883), "(Kabul City)", Recollections of the Kabul campaign, London: W. H. Allen & Co., OCLC 5729453
Edward Balfour (1885), "Kabul", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch

Published in 20th century

"Kabul City", Imperial Gazetteer of India (New ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press (published 1908), 1907
Holdich, Thomas Hungerford (1910). "Kabul" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). pp. 624–625.
Angus Hamilton (1910), "Kabul", Afghanistan, Boston: J. B. Millet Company, OCLC 2086903
Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Kabul". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. ISBN 9781884964046.
Who Governs Kabul? Explaining Urban Politics in a Post-War Capital City, London: Crisis States Research Centre, 2000 – via International Relations and Security Network

Published in 21st century

C. E. Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Kabul". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.
"Kabul". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.

External links

"Historic Cities Programme: Afghanistan". Aga Khan Trust for Culture. Aga Khan Development Network. Archived from the original on 2013-05-21.

[1] Adamec, Ludwig. Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan, p. (Scarecrow Press, Rowman & Littlefield, 2012).

[2] Street, Lucie. The Tent Pegs of Heaven: A Journey Through Afghanistan, p. 49 (Hale, 1967): "The Rigveda refers to the city of Kabul by name as 'Kubha'...."

[3] "Kabul: City of lost glories". BBC News. November 12, 2001. Retrieved 2010-09-18.

[FOOTNOTEBosworth2007-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Bosworth 2007.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-5] Britannica 1910.

[6] Stephen F. Dale; Alam Payind (1999). "The Ahrārī Waqf in Kābul in the Year 1546 and the Mughūl Naqshbandiyyah". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 119 (2): 218–233. doi:10.2307/606107. JSTOR 606107.

[FOOTNOTEBalfour1885-7] Balfour 1885.

[archnet-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ArchNet.org. "Kabul". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012.

[dupree1967-9] Louis Dupree (1967). "The Retreat of the British Army from Kabul to Jalalabad in 1842: History and Folklore". Journal of the Folklore Institute. 4.

[FOOTNOTEGazetteer_of_India1908-10] Gazetteer of India 1908.

[FOOTNOTEGrove2009-11] Grove 2009.

[12] Frederick Simpich (January 1921). "Every-Day Life in Afghanistan". National Geographic Magazine. USA.

[13] "Afghanistan Digital Library". New York University. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

[14] Nancy Hatch Dupree (20 April 1998). "Museum Under Siege". Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

[15] M. Henneberger (23 December 2001). "A Nation Challenged: the Exiled Ruler". New York Times.

[16] "Once Prosperous, Jangalak Now Fills With Refugees". Eurasianet.org. Open Society Institute. 15 October 2010.

[17] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[18] John Baily (2005). "So near, so Far: Kabul's Music in Exile". Ethnomusicology Forum. 14.

[19] United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[planet-20] "History of Kabul". Kabul. Lonely Planet. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

[21] "About Us". Kabul: Nejat Center. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

[22] "Afghanistan Music Unit". Goldsmiths, University of London. Retrieved 1 March 2013. Aga Khan Music Initiative in Central Asia

[bbc-timeline-23] "Afghanistan Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 17 December 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

[24] World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[25] "Suicide Bomber Attacks Kabul Military Hospital". New York Times. 21 May 2011.

[26] "Urban Regeneration". Turquoise Mountain Foundation. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

[britannica2013-27] Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.

[28] Central Statistics Organization. "Population of Kabul City by District and Sex 2012–13". Government of Afghanistan. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

[29] "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

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Timeline of Kabul

Prior to 20th century

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

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