Personal references.

• Doi, Tadao (1955) [1604-1608]. Nihon Daibunten (in Japanese). Sanseidō. ISBN 978-48301-02974. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

• Frellesvig, Bjarke (1995). A Case Study in Diachronic Phonology: The Japanese Onbin Sound Changes. Aarhus University Press. ISBN 87-7288-489-4.

• Hamada, Atsushi (1970). Chōsen Shiryō ni Yoru Nihongo Kenkyū (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-001338-6.

• Ikegami, Mineo (1993) [1620]. Nihongo Shōbunten (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-336811-8.

• Lee, Iksop (2000). The Korean Language. State University of New York. ISBN 0-7914-4832-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Kim, Dongso (2003). Kankokugo Hensenshi (in Japanese). trans. Eiji Kurita. Akashi Shoten. ISBN 4-7503-1714-4.

• Kondō, Yasuhiro (2005). Nihongo no Rekishi (in Japanese). Hōsō Daigaku Kyōiku Shinkōkai. ISBN 4-595-30547-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Ladefoged, Peter (2001). A Course in Phonetics (4th ed.). ISBN 0-15-507319-2.

• Lange, Roland A. The Phonology of Eighth-Century Japanese. ISBN.

• Martin, Samuel E. A Reference Grammar of Japanese. ISBN 0-8048-1550-X.

• Martin, Samuel E. (1987). The Japanese Language Through Time. Yale University. ISBN 0-300-03729-5.

• Matsumura, Akira. Nihon Bunpō Daijiten (in Japanese). ISBN 4-6254-0055-4.

• McCullough, Helen Craig (1988). Bungo Manual. Cornell University East Asia Program. ISBN 0-939657-48-1.

• Miyake, Marc Hideo (2003). Old Japanese : a phonetic reconstruction. London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-415-30575-6.

• Nakata, Norio (1972). Kōza Kokugoshi: Dai 2 kan: On'inshi, Mojishi (in Japanese). Taishūkan Shoten.

• Ōno, Susumu. Kanazukai to Jōdaigo (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN.

• Ōno, Susumu (2000). Nihongo no Keisei (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-001758-6.

• Shibatani, Masayoshi (1990). The languages of Japan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36918-5.

• Tsuboi, Yoshiki (2007). Nihongo Katsuyō Taikei no Hensen: Zōteiban (in Japanese). Kasama Shoin. ISBN 978-4-305-70353-8.

• Yamaguchi, Akiho (1997). Nihongo no Rekishi (in Japanese). Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai. ISBN 4-13-082004-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Doi, Tadao (1985). Jidaibetsu Kokugo Daijiten: Muromachi Jidaihen I (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Sanseidō. ISBN 4-385-13296-8.

• Doi, Tadao (1989). Jidaibetsu Kokugo Daijiten: Muromachi Jidaihen II (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Sanseidō. ISBN 4-385-13297-6.

• Doi, Tadao (1980) [1603]. Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-0008-0021-3.

• Kamei, Takashi (1944) [1444]. Kagakushū: Gennabon (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten.

• Kinoshita, Masatoshi (1957). Iroha Jiruishō Kokugo Sakuin (in Japanese). Kyōto: Asahi Purinto Sha.

• Koshigaya, Gozan (1941) [1775]. Butsurui Shōko (in Japanese). Shōgakkan. ISBN 4-00-302691-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Minamoto, Shitagō (1968) [931-938]. Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese). Kyōto: Rinsen. ISBN 4-653-00507-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Minamoto, Shitagō (1968) [931-938]. Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Sakuinhen (in Japanese). Kyōto: Rinsen. ISBN 4-653-00509-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Minamoto, Shitagō (1966) [931-938]. Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Gaihen (in Japanese). Kyōto: Rinsen. ISBN 4-653-00508-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Nakamura, Yukihiko (1982-06-10). Kadokawa Kogo Daijiten: Volume 1 (A-Ka) (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Kadokawa Shoten. ISBN 4-040-11910-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Nakamura, Yukihiko (1984-03-10). Kadokawa Kogo Daijiten: Volume 2 (Ki-Sa) (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Kadokawa Shoten. ISBN 4-040-11920-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Dai Nihan Henshū Iinkai (2000–2002). Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (15 volumes) (in Japanese). Shōgakkan.

• Omodaka, Hisataka (1967). Jidaibetsu Kokugo Daijiten: Jōdaihen (in Japanese). Sanseidō. ISBN 4-385-13237-2.

• Ōno, Susumu (1990). Iwanami Kogo Jiten (Hoteiban) (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-080073-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Tadakane, Tachibana (1971) [c. 1177-1188]. Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese). Kazama Shobō. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Yoshida, Kanehiko (2001). Kuntengo Jiten (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan. ISBN 4-490-10570-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Hino, Hiroshi (1993). Nihon Shōbunten (in Japanese). Shin-Jinbutsu-Ôrai-Sha. ISBN 4-404-02080-5.

• Kubota, Jun (2007). Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Jiten (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 978-4-00-080310-6.

• Mishima, Yasuyuki (2002). Ishinpō -- Dai 28 kan: Bōnai-hen (in Japanese). Izumi Shobō. ISBN 4-900138-71-1.

• Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten Henshū Iinkai (1986). Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-080067-1.

• Sakamoto, Tarō (1965). Nihon Shoki. Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Jiten (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4000600680. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Kurano, Kenji (1958). Kojiki, Norito. Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-060001-X. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• ?, ?. (100 volumes). Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei. Iwanami Shoten. {{cite book}}: |last= has numeric name (help)

• ?, ?. (100 volumes). Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei. Iwanami Shoten. {{cite book}}: |last= has numeric name (help)

• Hioki, Eigō (2007). Dai Ikkan: -1000. Shin Kokushi Dainenhyō (10 volumnes). Kokusho Kankōkai. ISBN 978-4-336-04826-4.