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User:Jorge Stolfi/DoW Wall Street Journal: Wikipedia loosing Volunteers

Lemma. For any two elements a and b (st. ab=ba), of order i and j, there is an element of order lcm(i,j). Proof: We can assume , since otherwise we can replace a with an element of order , namely . Consider ord(ab)=k. k divides ij. a^k=(b^{-1})^k where b^{-1} has also order j. ord(a^k) divides i = ord(b^k) = divides j, so a^k=b^k=1. So i divides k and j divides k.


Arabic

Arabic letters usage in Literary Arabic
Trans-
literation
Value in Literary Arabic (IPA) Closest English equivalent in pronunciation Contextual forms Isolated
form
Final Medial Initial
 
j

(also ǧ )

/d͡ʒ/[a][b] Jim, gym ـج ـجـ جـ ج

(also  )

/ħ/ voiceless pharyngeal fricative (fronts vowels) no equivalent

("guttural" h, may be approximated as heart)

ـح ـحـ حـ ح
kh

(also  )

/x/ voiceless velar fricative (classically uvular) loch; Polish h/ch; German Bach ـخ ـخـ خـ خ
ʿ /ʕ/ voiced pharyngeal fricative (actually creaky-voiced epiglottal approximant, fronts vowels) no equivalent

("guttural" voiced h; similar to ḥāʾ above)

ـع ـعـ عـ ع
gh

(also ġ )

/ɣ/[a] voiced velar fricative (classically uvular) Spanish higo ـغ ـغـ غـ غ
h /h/ voiceless glottal fricative/transition/aspirate hat ـه ـهـ هـ ه


f /f/[a] far ـف ـفـ فـ ف[c]
q

(also q )

/q/[a] scar ـق ـقـ قـ ق[c]
m /m/ me ـم ـمـ مـ م
w / ū /w/, //[a] we ـو و


tāʾ marbūṭah /-h/ or /-t/ (not a letter, feminine indicator) ـة   ة
d /d/ dear ـد د
dh

(also  )

/ð/ that, them, though ـذ ذ
r /r/ rap ـر ر
z /z/ zebra ـز ز


n /n/ nun ـن ـنـ نـ ن
b /b/[a] barn ـب ـبـ بـ ب
t /t/ stick ـت ـتـ تـ ت
th

(also  )

/θ/ think, thumb ـث ـثـ ثـ ث
s /s/ sin ـس ـسـ سـ س
sh

(also š )

/ʃ/ shin ـش ـشـ شـ ش

(also ş )

// swarm, bass ـص ـصـ صـ ص

(also  )

// dwarf ـض ـضـ ضـ ض

(also ţ )

// star ـط ـطـ طـ ط

(also [z̧] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 2: ̧) (help) )

/ðˤ/ buzzword ـظ ـظـ ظـ ظ
k /k/[a] key, cap ـك ـكـ كـ ك
l /l/ lamp ـل ـلـ لـ ل


ā / ʾ

(also â )

various,
including /aː/[d]
car, father ـا ا
y / ī /j/, //[a] yacht ـي ـيـ يـ ي[c]
ʾ /ʔ/  uhoh

(aka "glottal stop")

ء

(used mainly in medial and final position, which is an unlinked letter)

ـأ أ
ـإ إ
ـؤ ؤ
ـئ ـئـ ئـ ئ
ʾā /ʔaː/ ـآ آ


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