User:Tokenzero/sandbox
User:Jorge Stolfi/DoW
Wall Street Journal: Wikipedia loosing Volunteers
Lemma. For any two elements a and b (st. ab=ba), of order i and j, there is an element of order lcm(i,j). Proof: We can assume , since otherwise we can replace a with an element of order , namely . Consider ord(ab)=k. k divides ij. a^k=(b^{-1})^k where b^{-1} has also order j. ord(a^k) divides i = ord(b^k) = divides j, so a^k=b^k=1. So i divides k and j divides k.
- Degeneracy (graph theory) (e.g. O(d)-time adjacency structure).
- De Bruijn graph, Line graph
- non-trivial "densest subgraph" algorithms, see non-dynamic refs in Near-Optimal Fully Dynamic Densest Subgraph
- Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics/Typography
- max-width
- PageRank
- fokonolona (maybe also Balinese 'seka')
- Modern approaches to early Islamic history – The New Cambridge History of Islam
Arabic
| Trans- literation |
Value in Literary Arabic (IPA) | Closest English equivalent in pronunciation | Contextual forms | Isolated form | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Final | Medial | Initial | ||||||||||
| j
(also ǧ ) |
/d͡ʒ/[a][b] | Jim, gym | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ج | ||||||
| ḥ
(also ḩ ) |
/ħ/ voiceless pharyngeal fricative (fronts vowels) | no equivalent
("guttural" h, may be approximated as heart) |
ـح | ـحـ | حـ | ح | ||||||
| kh
(also ḫ, ḵ, ẖ ) |
/x/ voiceless velar fricative (classically uvular) | loch; Polish h/ch; German Bach | ـخ | ـخـ | خـ | خ | ||||||
| ʿ | /ʕ/ voiced pharyngeal fricative (actually creaky-voiced epiglottal approximant, fronts vowels) | no equivalent
("guttural" voiced h; similar to ḥāʾ above) |
ـع | ـعـ | عـ | ع | ||||||
| gh
(also ġ, ḡ ) |
/ɣ/[a] voiced velar fricative (classically uvular) | Spanish higo | ـغ | ـغـ | غـ | غ | ||||||
| h | /h/ voiceless glottal fricative/transition/aspirate | hat | ـه | ـهـ | هـ | ه
| ||||||
| f | /f/[a] | far | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | ف[c] | ||||||
| q
(also q ) |
/q/[a] | scar | ـق | ـقـ | قـ | ق[c] | ||||||
| m | /m/ | me | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | م | ||||||
| w / ū | /w/, /uː/[a] | we | ـو | و
| ||||||||
| tāʾ marbūṭah | /-h/ or /-t/ | (not a letter, feminine indicator) | ـة | ة | ||||||||
| d | /d/ | dear | ـد | د | ||||||||
| dh
(also ḏ ) |
/ð/ | that, them, though | ـذ | ذ | ||||||||
| r | /r/ | rap | ـر | ر | ||||||||
| z | /z/ | zebra | ـز | ز | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
| n | /n/ | nun | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | ن | ||||||
| b | /b/[a] | barn | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | ب | ||||||
| t | /t/ | stick | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | ت | ||||||
| th
(also ṯ ) |
/θ/ | think, thumb | ـث | ـثـ | ثـ | ث | ||||||
| s | /s/ | sin | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | س | ||||||
| sh
(also š ) |
/ʃ/ | shin | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | ش | ||||||
| ṣ
(also ş ) |
/sˤ/ | swarm, bass | ـص | ـصـ | صـ | ص | ||||||
| ḍ
(also ḑ ) |
/dˤ/ | dwarf | ـض | ـضـ | ضـ | ض | ||||||
| ṭ
(also ţ ) |
/tˤ/ | star | ـط | ـطـ | طـ | ط | ||||||
| ẓ
(also [z̧] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 2: ̧) (help) ) |
/ðˤ/ | buzzword | ـظ | ـظـ | ظـ | ظ | ||||||
| k | /k/[a] | key, cap | ـك | ـكـ | كـ | ك | ||||||
| l | /l/ | lamp | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | ل
| ||||||
| ā / ʾ
(also â ) |
various, including /aː/[d] |
car, father | ـا | ا | ||||||||
| y / ī | /j/, /iː/[a] | yacht | ـي | ـيـ | يـ | ي[c] | ||||||
| ʾ | /ʔ/ | uh–oh
(aka "glottal stop") |
ء
(used mainly in medial and final position, which is an unlinked letter) | |||||||||
| ـأ | أ | |||||||||||
| ـإ | إ | |||||||||||
| ـؤ | ؤ | |||||||||||
| ـئ | ـئـ | ئـ | ئ | |||||||||
| ʾā | /ʔaː/ | ـآ | آ | |||||||||
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
Content Disclaimer
Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.
- The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
- There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
- It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
- Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
- Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.