Victor Malu

Lieutenant general
Victor Samuel Leonard Malu
Lieutenant general Victor Samuel Leonard Malu
Chief of Army Staff
	In office; May 1999 – April 2001
Preceded by	Lt-Gen. I. Bamaiyi
Succeeded by	Lt-Gen. A.O. Ogomudia
Commander, Lagos Garrison Command Nigerian Army
	In office; October 1998 – May 1999
General Officer Commanding 2nd Mechanised Infantry Division Nigerian Army
	In office; August 1998 – October 1998
Preceded by	Maj-Gen. B.S. Magashi
Succeeded by	Maj-Gen. F.A. Mujakperuo
Commander, ECOMOG Peacekeeping Force, Sierra Leone
	In office; August 1996 – January 1998
Preceded by	Maj-Gen. J.M. Inienger
Succeeded by	Maj-Gen. T. Shelpidi
Personal details
Born	15 January 1947; Katsina-Ala, Benue State, Nigeria
Died	9 October 2017 (aged 70); Cairo, Egypt
Alma mater	Nigerian Defence Academy Command and Staff College, Jaji
Military service
Allegiance	Nigeria
Branch/service	Nigerian Army
Rank	Lieutenant general

Victor Samuel Leonard Malu (15 January 1947 – 9 October 2017)^[1] DSS mni fwc psc was Nigeria's Chief of Army Staff (COAS) from 1999 to 2001 and Force Commander of the ECOMOG peace-keeping force in Liberia from 1996 to 1998.^[2]

Birth and education

Malu was born on 15 January 1947 at Katsina-Ala, Benue State of Tiv origins. He enrolled in the Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna in 1967 as part of the 3rd Regular Course and was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant enlisted upon graduation in 1970.^[3] Other officers in the NDA 3rd Regular Course included Senator and retired Brig-Gen. David Mark,^[4] Gen. Tunde Ogbeha, Gen.Raji Rasaki, Gen. Chris Garuba, Gen. Abdulkareem Adisa, Brig-Gen. Halilu Akilu, Adm. Mike Akhigbe and Gen. Tunji Olurin.^[5]

Later he attended Command and Staff College, Jaji and the National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru, Jos.^[6]

Military career

At the time of the February 1976 coup when General Olusegun Obasanjo took power, Malu was chief instructor of the Nigerian Military School, Zaria. After the coup, Malu was interrogated for two weeks but released.^[7]

Malu became General Officer Training, Army Headquarters and Commander, 7 Mechanised Brigade.

He chaired the tribunal that tried General Oladipo Diya and other officers for attempting to overthrow the Sani Abacha regime in 1997.^[6]

Malu was commander of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) peace-keeping force ECOMOG from December 1996 to April 1998 during the First Liberian Civil War.^[8]

Malu impressed both Liberians and international observers with the improvements that followed his taking command.^[9]

By March 1997 he was able to claim that Liberia was completely cleared of land mines. He fell out with Liberian President Charles Taylor, who in April 1998 accused him of trying to run a parallel government. It was due to this rift that Malu was replaced as commander.^[10] In a book he wrote later, cited at Taylor's trial in The Hague, Malu reportedly claimed that in 1997 Taylor secretly smuggled arms and ammunition from South Africa through Monrovia without informing ECOMOG peacekeepers.^[11]

Malu was appointed Chief of Army Staff in May 1999 at the start of President Olusegun Obasanjo's administration and was dismissed in April 2001.

Later, Malu said he warned President Olusegun Obasanjo to guard against American involvement in the nation's affairs, saying they were only aiming to further their own interests. He claimed that it was because the Americans disliked his views that Obasanjo fired him before the signing of the Nigerian-United States Military Cooperation Agreement.^[12]

He was awarded Force Service Star (FSS) Award, Meritorious Service Star (MSS) Award, and Distinguished Service Star (DSS) Award.^[6]

Post military career

In October 2001 there were protests by Tiv people in Zaki Biam, Katsina-Ala local government, Benue State. 19 soldiers sent to restore peace were killed.

In retaliation, the army allegedly massacred 100 people.^[13]^[14] Malu said armed men burst into his own home and killed four of his household before burning down neighbouring houses.^[15]

In July 2005 Malu complained that the government was persecuting him. He said the State Security Services had seized his passport on the basis that he had been "going to Paris frequently and was holding meetings with people who do not mean well for the country." He also said that his military service records had been declared missing and he was not getting fair treatment over his pension.^[16] In January 2006 he caused controversy when he spoke at a meeting of the Arewa Consultative Forum in Kaduna, saying he regretted not having overthrown Obasanjo's government while he was COAS. The president's Public Affairs Assistant, Femi Fani-Kayode, said Malu’s statement was treasonable.^[17]

In September 2008 Malu, a diabetic, went into a coma and was rushed to Lagos University Teaching Hospital where he was placed on life support in the intensive care unit.^[18] Later he was transferred to a hospital in London, and after treatment for stroke was discharged from hospital to his Central London home in April 2009.^[19]

Malu died on 9 October 2017 at the age of 70.^[20]

References

^ Yusuf, Omotayo (9 October 2017). "Breaking: Former chief of army staff General Victor Malu is dead". Naija.ng - Nigeria news. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
^ "Chronicle of Command". The Nigerian Army. Archived from the original on 13 February 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ Malu & Oko (November 2013). In the Name of Victor: Confronting Errors with the Truth. Author House. p. 169. ISBN 9781491826331.
^ Malu & Oko (2013). In the Name of Victor. p. 79. ISBN 9781491826331. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
^ Siollun, Max (2013). Soldiers of Fortune. Nigerian Politics from Buhari to Babangida 1983-1993. Cassava Republic Press. p. 116. ISBN 9789785023824.
^ ^a ^b ^c Madike, Isioma (6 October 2008). "Victor Malu Fights for Life". Daily Independent. Retrieved 2 June 2010 – via allAfrica.
^ Siollun, Max (2009). Oil, politics and violence: Nigeria's military coup culture (1966-1976). Algora Publishing. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-87586-708-3.
^ Mamza, Paul (30 July 2005). "Nigeria's Unsung Heroes - Parts 1 and 2". Dawodu. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ "About Refugees > Publications & Archives > World Refugee Survey". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. Archived from the original on 16 November 2005. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ Inamete, Ufot Bassey (2001). Foreign policy decision-making in Nigeria. Susquehanna University Press. pp. 256–258. ISBN 1-57591-048-9.
^ "ECOMOG Was Wild". Liberian Observer. 19 February 2010. Archived from the original on 21 February 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ Owete, Festus (28 May 2005). "I warned obasanjo ...But he ignored my advice and retired me –Malu". The Punch. Archived from the original on 2 February 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ "Army apologises for Zaki Biam killings". The Punch. 7 November 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2010.^{[dead link‍]}
^ Ige, Ise-Oluwa (30 April 2008). "Keyamo, Dokubo sues Obasanjo over Odi killings". Vanguard. Retrieved 2 June 2010.^{[dead link‍]}
^ "Nigeria massacres blamed on soldiers". BBC News. 24 October 2001. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ Ior, Daniel (18 July 2005). "Victor Malu Alleges Threat to Life". Online Nigeria Daily News. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ Mamah, Emeka; Ajayi, Rotimi (31 January 2006). "I regret not overthrowing Obasanjo -Victor Malu". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 30 April 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ Chikwe, Azoma (3 October 2008). "Former Chief of Army Staff, General Victor Malu, on life support at LUTH". Daily Sun. Retrieved 2 June 2010.^{[dead link‍]}
^ Oyedoyin, Tunde (5 April 2009). "General Victor Malu (rtd) leaves London hospital". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 June 2010.^{[dead link‍]}
^ Nwabueze, Chinenye (9 October 2017). "BREAKING: Ex-COAS, Victor Malu Dies at 70". massmediang.com. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.