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Xamoterol

Xamoterol
Clinical data
Trade namesCorwin, Carwin, Corwil, Xamtol
Routes of
administration		By mouth[1]
ATC code
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityOral: 5%[1]
Elimination half-life16–27 hours[1]
Identifiers
  • (RS)-N-(2-{[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino}ethyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H25N3O5
Molar mass339.392 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C(NCCNCC(O)COc1ccc(O)cc1)N2CCOCC2
  • InChI=1S/C16H25N3O5/c20-13-1-3-15(4-2-13)24-12-14(21)11-17-5-6-18-16(22)19-7-9-23-10-8-19/h1-4,14,17,20-21H,5-12H2,(H,18,22) checkY
  • Key:DXPOSRCHIDYWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Xamoterol, sold under the brand names Corwin, Carwin, Corwil, and Xamtol among others, is a cardiac stimulant which is used in the treatment of heart failure.[2] It acts as a selective partial agonist of the β1-adrenergic receptor with around 50% intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) (i.e., intrinsic activity).[1][3][4][2] The drug has no significant β2-adrenergic receptor agonistic activity.[5] Xamoterol provides cardiac stimulation at rest but acts as a blocker during exercise.[6] It is taken by mouth.[1]

Xamoterol is not available in the United States.[7][8] It is marketed in the United Kingdom, Austria, Belgium, and Luxembourg.[8]

Xamoterol is a hydrophilic compound with a predicted log P of -0.31 to -1.11.[9][10][11][12] Due to its hydrophilicity, xamoterol does not cross the blood–brain barrier and has no central nervous system effects.[12] Hence, it is a peripherally selective drug.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Furlong R, Brogden RN (October 1988). "Xamoterol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use". Drugs. 36 (4): 455–474. doi:10.2165/00003495-198836040-00004. PMID 2906865.
  2. ^ a b Marlow HF (1989). "Xamoterol, a beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist: review of the clinical efficacy in heart failure". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 28 (Suppl 1): 23S – 30S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03570.x. PMC 1379873. PMID 2572251.
  3. ^ Campbell RW (1989). "The management of heart failure and the scope for new therapies: what role for xamoterol?". Br J Clin Pharmacol. 28 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 59S – 64S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03574.x. PMC 1379877. PMID 2572256.
  4. ^ Cruickshank JM (March 1993). "The xamoterol experience in the treatment of heart failure". Am J Cardiol. 71 (9): 61C – 64C. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(93)90088-t. PMID 8465800.
  5. ^ "Xamoterol: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action". DrugBank Online. 23 June 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  6. ^ Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK (1999). Pharmacology (5th ed.). Edinburgh; New York: Churchill Livingstone. p. 163. ISBN 0443059748.
  7. ^ "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  8. ^ a b Schweizerischer Apotheker-Verein (2000). Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Index nominum. Medpharm Scientific Publishers. p. 1099. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  9. ^ "Xamoterol". PubChem. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  10. ^ "Xamoterol: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action". DrugBank Online. 23 June 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  11. ^ "Xamoterol [USAN:BAN:INN]". ChemSpider. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  12. ^ a b c Vigholt-Sørensen E, Faergeman O, Snow HM (November 1989). "Effects of xamoterol, a beta 1 adrenoceptor partial agonist, in patients with ischaemic dysfunction of the left ventricle". Br Heart J. 62 (5): 335–341. doi:10.1136/hrt.62.5.335. PMC 1224831. PMID 2574049.
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