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Bromoéthane

Bromoéthane

Structure du bromoéthane
Identification
Nom UICPA bromoéthane
Synonymes

bromure d'éthyle

No CAS 74-96-4
No ECHA 100.000.751
No CE 200-825-8
No RTECS KH6475000
PubChem 6332
SMILES
InChI
Apparence liquide incolore tirant sur le jaune à l'odeur d'éther
Propriétés chimiques
Formule C2H5Br  [Isomères]
Masse molaire[1] 108,965 ± 0,003 g/mol
C 22,05 %, H 4,63 %, Br 73,33 %,
Propriétés physiques
fusion −119 °C[2]
ébullition 38 °C[2]
Solubilité 9 g·L-1[2] à 20 °C
Masse volumique 1,46 g·cm-3[2] à température ambiante
d'auto-inflammation 510 °C[2]
Point d’éclair −20 °C[2]
Précautions
SGH[2]
SGH02 : InflammableSGH07 : Toxique, irritant, sensibilisant, narcotiqueSGH08 : Sensibilisant, mutagène, cancérogène, reprotoxique
Attention
H225, H351, H302+H332, P210, P281 et P308+P313
Transport[2]
   1891   

Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.

Le bromoéthane, ou bromure d'éthyle, est un composé chimique de formule CH3CH2Br. Cet halogénoalcane se présente sous la forme d'un liquide incolore tirant sur le jaune à l'odeur d'éther, très volatil et très inflammable, susceptible de former des mélanges explosifs dans l'air, et peu soluble dans l'eau.

On le prépare de la même façon que les autres bromures d'alcanes, par addition du bromure d'hydrogène HBr sur de l'éthylène CH2=CH2 :

CH2=CH2 + HBr → CH3CH2Br.

Le bromoéthane est bon marché, disponible dans le commerce et est donc rarement préparé au laboratoire. On peut toutefois le préparer in situ en faisant réagir de l'éthanol CH3CH2OH avec un mélange d'acide sulfurique H2SO4 et d'acide bromhydrique HBr(aq), ou avec du dibrome Br2 et du phosphore via du tribromure de phosphore PBr3 produit sur place.

En synthèse organique, le bromoéthane est un équivalent synthétique du synthon carbocation éthyle Et+ ; il s'agit d'un concept théorique, car, dans les faits, on n'observe pas de tel cation.

Notes et références

  1. Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.
  2. a b c d e f g h et i Entrée « Bromoethane » dans la base de données de produits chimiques GESTIS de la IFA (organisme allemand responsable de la sécurité et de la santé au travail) (allemand, anglais), accès le 5 mai 2013 (JavaScript nécessaire)
  3. Fiche Sigma-Aldrich du composé Bromoethane ReagentPlus®, ≥99%, consultée le 5 mai 2013.

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