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Legge Bottai

Legge Bottai
Titolo estesoIstituzione della Scuola media.
StatoRegno d'Italia
Tipo leggeLegge
LegislaturaXXX
ProponenteGiuseppe Bottai
SchieramentoPNF
Promulgazione1º luglio 1940
A firma diVittorio Emanuele III
Testo
in Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 173 del 25 luglio 1940

La legge 1º luglio 1940, n. 899 - nota come legge o riforma Bottai - era una legge del Regno d'Italia sul sistema scolastico nazionale, promulgata durante il ventennio fascista dal ministro dell'educazione nazionale Giuseppe Bottai e approvata dal Gran Consiglio del Fascismo.[1]

Sintesi

La riforma coinvolgeva l'intero sistema scolastico del Regno d'Italia e aveva come obiettivo quello di facilitare l'accesso alle scuole superiori anche da parte dei ceti meno abbienti, nel contesto di quello che venne definito "umanesimo fascista".[2]

In particolare, la riforma dava maggiore importanza alla scienza e alle attività manuali, ponendole sullo stesso piano delle discipline umanistiche, preponderanti nell'istruzione superiore dell'epoca; la riforma mirava a ampliare gradualmente la mobilità sociale verticale, senza incorrere nel rischio di fenomeni come l'inflazione dei titoli di studio e l'ipercredenzialismo[3].

Contenuti

La scuola materna ed elementare

La riforma stabiliva l'obbligo di frequentare la scuola materna e suddivideva la scuola elementare (detta "del primo ordine") in due cicli:

  • la scuola elementare triennale, a sua volta divisa in urbana e rurale, con diversi orari e programmi didattici, e
  • la scuola del lavoro biennale.[4]

La scuola media e superiore

La scuola media[5] (detta "del secondo ordine") veniva divisa in tre corsi:

  • la scuola artigianale era concepita per il ceto rurale e per i piccoli insediamenti e si divideva in vari indirizzi (commerciale, industriale, nautica, agricola, artistica),
  • la scuola professionale, di maggiore rilievo rispetto alla prima, era rivolta a chi volesse proseguire gli studi in una scuola tecnica.
  • La scuola media unica preparava gli alunni al liceo e all'università (come sarà poi nelle riforme del 1963 - 1977).[6]

Note

  1. ^ Storiaestorie, Libro e moschetto, fascista perfetto. La scuola fascista, su Storiaestorie, 18 dicembre 2018. URL consultato il 27 maggio 2024.
  2. ^ La scuola italiana da Gentile e Bottai (PDF), su reteparri.it, p. 5.
  3. ^ Betti, Carmen, Editoriale: alla eterna ricerca della buona scuola, Historia Magistra: rivista di storia critica, 18, 2, 2015, Milano: Franco Angeli, 2015.
  4. ^ Michele Dota, FIGLI DI UN ITALIANO MINORE. LA DIDATTICA DELL’ITALIANO NELLE SCUOLE ELEMENTARI RURALI (PDF), su riviste.unimi.it.
  5. ^ LEGGE 1 luglio 1940, n. 899 - Normattiva, su www.normattiva.it. URL consultato il 27 maggio 2024.
  6. ^ Storia della scuola in Italia, su Indipendente-mens. URL consultato il 28 maggio 2024.

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