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Klise

"Our Three-Volume Novel at a Glance", kartun karya Priestman Atkinson dari Punch Almanack tahun 1885 (mungkin diterbitkan pada akhir 1884), gambaran ekspresi Ester pada sastra populer waktu itu

Klise adalah ekspresi, ide, atau elemen karya seni yang terlalu sering digunakan sehingga makna atau efek aslinya memudar, bahkkan sampai terdengar menyebalkan, apalagi ketika elemen tersebut awalnya dianggap bermakna atau baru.[1]

Dalam frasaologi, istilah ini memiliki arti teknis yang mengacu pada ekspresi yang dipengaruhi oleh pemakaian bahasa konvensional. Istilah ini sering digunakan dalam budaya modern untuk menyebut ide yang sudah diperkirakan sebelumnya berdasarkan peristiwa yang terjadi sebelumnya. Klise umumnya bersifat peyoratif dan tidak selalu salah atau keliru. Sebuah klise bisa saja benar atau tidak.[2] Beberapa klise adalah stereotipe, tetapi ada juga yang benar-benar truisme dan fakta.[3] Klise kadang dijadikan bahan lelucon dalam karya fiksi.

Banyak frasa atau kalimat yang awalnya dianggap sebagai suatu terobosan, tetapi kehilangan pengaruhnya akibat terlalu sering digunakan.[4] Terkait dengan klise, David Mason dan John Frederick Nims pernah mengutip sebuah kalimat dari Salvador Dalí: "Lelaki pertama yang membandingkan pipi seorang gadis dengan setangkai mawar adalah penyair; lelaki pertama yang mengulangi perbandingan tersebut adalah orang bodoh."[5] Saat mengeluarkan pernyataan tersebut, Dalí menyesuaikan kata-kata penyair Prancis Gérard de Nerval: "Lelaki pertama yang membandingkan perempuan dengan setangkai mawar adalah penyair, lelaki kedua adalah orang bodoh."[6]

Klise kadang merupakan wujud nyata keabstrakan yang bergantung pada analogi atau efek hiperbol yang biasanya diambil dari pengalaman sehari-hari.[7][8] Jika tidak terlalu sering digunakan, klise bisa berhasil, tetapi pemakaian klise dalam tulisan, pidato, atau argumen dianggap sebagai tanda ketidakbecusan atau tidak mampu menghasilkan karya asli.

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ Gary Blake and Robert W. Bly, The Elements of Technical Writing, pg. 85. New York: Macmillan Publishers, 1993. ISBN 0-02-013085-6
  2. ^ Short Story Library Thick skin and writing, cliché, but true Diarsipkan 2010-02-26 di Wayback Machine. - Published By Casey Quinn • May 10th, 2009 • Category: Casey's Corner
  3. ^ The Free Dictionary - Cliche
  4. ^ Mason, David; Nims, John Frederick (1999). Western Wind: An Introduction to Poetry. McGraw-Hill. hlm. 126–127. ISBN 0-07-303180-1. 
  5. ^ Dalí, Salvador (1968). "Preface". Dalam Pierre Cabanne. Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp (edisi ke-1987). Da Capo Press. hlm. 13. ISBN 0-306-80303-8. 
  6. ^ Biography and Quotations of Gérard de Nerval
  7. ^ Loewen, Nancy (2011). Talking Turkey and Other Clichés We Say. Capstone. hlm. 11. ISBN 1404862722. 
  8. ^ "Definition of Cliché". Diakses tanggal 3 January 2014. 

Bacaan lanjutan

  • Anton C. Zijderveld (1979). On Clichés: The Supersedure of Meaning by Function in Modernity. Routledge. ISBN 9780710001863. 
  • Margery Sabin (1987). "The Life of English Idiom, the Laws of French Cliché". The Dialect of the Tribe. Oxford University Press US. hlm. 10–25. ISBN 9780195041538. 
  • Veronique Traverso and Denise Pessah (Summer 2000). "Stéréotypes et clichés: Langue, discours, société". Poetics Today. Duke University Press. 21 (3): 463–465. doi:10.1215/03335372-21-2-463. 
  • Skorczewski, Dawn (December 2000). ""Everybody Has Their Own Ideas": Responding to Cliche in Student Writing". College Composition and Communication. 52 (2): 220–239. doi:10.2307/358494. JSTOR 358494. 
  • Ruth Amossy (1982). Trans. Terese Lyons. "The Cliché in the Reading Process. Trans. Terese Lyons". SubStance. University of Wisconsin Press. 11 (2.35): 34–45. doi:10.2307/3684023. JSTOR 3684023. 
  • Sullivan, Frank (1947) [1938]. "The Cliche Expert Testifies as a Roosevelt Hater". Dalam Crane. The Roosevelt Era. New York: Boni and Gaer. hlm. 237–242. OCLC 275967. Mr. Arbuthnot: No sir! Nobody is going to tell me how to run my business. Q: Mr. Arbuthnot, you sound like a Roosevelt hater. A: I certainly am. Q: In that case, perhaps you could give us an idea of some of the cliches your set is in the habit of using in speaking of Mr. Roosevelt ... 

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