卡拉巴赫汗国

卡拉巴赫汗国
Qarabağ xanlığı
خانات قره‌باغ
卡拉巴赫汗国 Qarabağ xanlığı; خانات قره‌باغ
1748年—1822年
	国旗
	根据1902年俄罗斯地图绘制的卡拉巴赫汗国地图
地位	汗國; 伊朗控制下
首都	巴亚特城堡（英语：Bayat Castle）; (1748—c. 1752); 舒沙; (c. 1752–1822);
常用语言	波斯语 (官方)、阿塞拜疆语、亚美尼亚语
历史
• 建立	1748年
• 终结	1822年

卡拉巴赫汗国（波斯語：خانات قره‌باغ‎，亞塞拜然語：Qarabağ xanlığı）是一个半独立的突厥汗国，位于今天的亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆，該國约成立於1748年^[4]^[5]，當時為伊朗的附屬國。卡拉巴赫汗国的半獨立地位一直持續至1806年^[6]，當時俄罗斯-波斯战争爆發，俄罗斯帝国从伊朗手中取得对卡拉巴赫汗国的控制权^[7]。1813年，俄罗斯沙皇亚历山大一世與卡扎尔王朝君主法特赫-阿里沙·卡扎爾簽訂《古利斯坦条约》，伊朗正式將卡拉巴赫汗国割讓給俄羅斯^[8] 。1822年，卡拉巴赫汗国被废除，成為俄羅斯領土上的一部分。

参考资料

^ Bournoutian, George A. The 1820 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Shirvan: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province prior to its Annexation by Russia. Gibb Memorial Trust. 2016: xvii. ISBN 978-1909724808. Serious historians and geographers agree that after the fall of the Safavids, and especially from the mid-eighteenth century, the territory of the South Caucasus was composed of the khanates of Ganja, Kuba, Shirvan, Baku, Talesh, Sheki, Karabagh, Nakhichivan and Yerevan, all of which were under Iranian suzerainty.
^ Swietochowski, Tadeusz. Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2004: 12. ISBN 978-0521522458. (...) and Persian continued to be the official language of the judiciary and the local administration [even after the abolishment of the khanates].
^ Pavlovich, Petrushevsky Ilya. Essays on the history of feudal relations in Armenia and Azerbaijan in XVI - the beginning of XIX centuries. LSU them. Zhdanov. 1949: 7. (...) The language of official acts not only in Iran proper and its fully dependant Khanates, but also in those Caucasian khanates that were semi-independent until the time of their accession to the Russian Empire, and even for some time after, was New Persian (Farsi). It played the role of the literary language of class feudal lords as well.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica Online: History of Azerbaijan. [2020-11-15]. （原始内容存档于2008-11-18）.
^ Abbas-gulu Aga Bakikhanov. Golestan-i Iram. [2020-11-15]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-11）.
^ Gammer, Moshe. Muslim resistance to the tsar. Routledge. 1992: 6. ISBN 0-7146-3431-X. In 1805 the khans of Qarabagh, Shirvan and Sheki swore allegiance to Russia.
^ Swietochowski, Tadeusz. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press. 1995: 5. ISBN 0-231-07068-3. The brief and successful Russian campaign of 1812 was concluded with the Treaty of Gulistan, which was signed on October 12 of the following year. The treaty provided for the incorporation into the Russian Empire of vast tracts of Iranian territory, including Daghestan, Georgia with the Sheragel province, Imeretia, Guria, Mingrelia, and Abkhazia, as well as the khanates of Karabagh, Ganja, Sheki, Shirvan, Derbent, Kuba, Baku, and Talysh,
^ Potier, Tim. Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2001: 1: "Panah Ali–Khan founded the Karabakh Khanate in the mid 18th century. To defend it, in the 1750s, he built Panakhabad fortress (subsequently renamed Shusha, after a nearby village) which became the capital of the Khanate. It was not until 1805 that the Russian empire gained control over the Karabakh Khanate, from Persia.". ISBN 90-411-1477-7.

[1] Bournoutian, George A. The 1820 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Shirvan: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province prior to its Annexation by Russia. Gibb Memorial Trust. 2016: xvii. ISBN 978-1909724808. Serious historians and geographers agree that after the fall of the Safavids, and especially from the mid-eighteenth century, the territory of the South Caucasus was composed of the khanates of Ganja, Kuba, Shirvan, Baku, Talesh, Sheki, Karabagh, Nakhichivan and Yerevan, all of which were under Iranian suzerainty.

[2] Swietochowski, Tadeusz. Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2004: 12. ISBN 978-0521522458. (...) and Persian continued to be the official language of the judiciary and the local administration [even after the abolishment of the khanates].

[3] Pavlovich, Petrushevsky Ilya. Essays on the history of feudal relations in Armenia and Azerbaijan in XVI - the beginning of XIX centuries. LSU them. Zhdanov. 1949: 7. (...) The language of official acts not only in Iran proper and its fully dependant Khanates, but also in those Caucasian khanates that were semi-independent until the time of their accession to the Russian Empire, and even for some time after, was New Persian (Farsi). It played the role of the literary language of class feudal lords as well.

[4] Encyclopædia Britannica Online: History of Azerbaijan. [2020-11-15]. （原始内容存档于2008-11-18）.

[5] Abbas-gulu Aga Bakikhanov. Golestan-i Iram. [2020-11-15]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-11）.

[gammer6-6] Gammer, Moshe. Muslim resistance to the tsar. Routledge. 1992: 6. ISBN 0-7146-3431-X. In 1805 the khans of Qarabagh, Shirvan and Sheki swore allegiance to Russia.

[7] Swietochowski, Tadeusz. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press. 1995: 5. ISBN 0-231-07068-3. The brief and successful Russian campaign of 1812 was concluded with the Treaty of Gulistan, which was signed on October 12 of the following year. The treaty provided for the incorporation into the Russian Empire of vast tracts of Iranian territory, including Daghestan, Georgia with the Sheragel province, Imeretia, Guria, Mingrelia, and Abkhazia, as well as the khanates of Karabagh, Ganja, Sheki, Shirvan, Derbent, Kuba, Baku, and Talysh,

[potier1-8] Potier, Tim. Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2001: 1: "Panah Ali–Khan founded the Karabakh Khanate in the mid 18th century. To defend it, in the 1750s, he built Panakhabad fortress (subsequently renamed Shusha, after a nearby village) which became the capital of the Khanate. It was not until 1805 that the Russian empire gained control over the Karabakh Khanate, from Persia.". ISBN 90-411-1477-7.

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卡拉巴赫汗国

参考资料

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