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波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納經濟

 波黑经济
货币波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那可兌換馬克
财政年度Calendar year
贸易组织
CEFTA
统计数据
GDP$15.568 billion (nominal, 2015 est.) $37.966 (PPP, 2015 est.) [1]
GDP排名112th (nominal, 2015) /
113th (PPP, 2015)
GDP增长率
1.4% (2014 est.)
人均GDP
$4,029 (nominal, 2015 est.) $9,980 (PPP 2015 est.)
各产业GDP
agriculture: 8.1%
industry: 26.4%
services: 65.3% (2013 est.)
2.2% (CPI, 2012 est.)
42,1% (2011)
劳动力
1.49 million (2012 est.)
失业率44,6% CIA World fact book (2015 est.)
平均工资毛额
1376 BAM / $700 (Mar 2012)[2]
834 BAM
主要产业
steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicles, textiles, tobacco products, furniture, tanks, aircraft, domestic appliances, oil refining
81st (2017)[3]
对外贸易
出口$3.95 billion (2013 est.)
出口商品
metals, clothing, wood products
主要出口伙伴
 斯洛維尼亞 16.5%
 義大利 15.9%
 德国 12.1%
 克罗地亚 11.5%
 奥地利 11.1%
 土耳其 5.2% (2015)[4]
进口$6.94 billion (2013 est.)
进口商品
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
主要进口伙伴
 克罗地亚 19.2%
 德国 13.8%
 斯洛維尼亞 13.8%
 義大利 10.9%
 奥地利 5.7%
 匈牙利 5.2%
 土耳其 4.5% (2015)[5]
公共财政
70.1% of GDP (31 december 2014 est.) [6]
收入$7.887 billion (2012 est.)
支出$8.521 billion (2012 est.)
B+ (Domestic)
B+ (Foreign)
BB (T&C Assessment)
(Standard & Poor's)[7]
主要数据来源: CIA世界概况
除非另有说明,所有数据单位均为美元

波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納南斯拉夫聯邦共和國波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納社會主義共和國時期的主要產業是金屬產業,此外波赫在南斯拉夫時期也是南斯拉夫主要的食品輸出地區之一。然而在南斯拉夫內戰期間,波赫經濟受到了很大打擊。在1992年至1995年期間,波赫的經濟總量由於戰爭而劇減了80%,失業率也大幅飆升。戰後波赫開始在自由市場經濟體制下重建經濟。1998年,波赫發行了自己的貨幣可兌換馬克

經濟組成

波斯尼亞的經濟發展相對前南斯拉夫成員國落後,經濟以農業工業為主。波斯尼亞曾經是前南斯拉夫的重工業地區,但工業技術並不全面。在冷戰時期,由於波斯尼亞遠離南斯拉夫邊境的內陸地區,當時南斯拉夫中央政府將該國最大的飛機廠開設於波斯尼亞,同時在波斯尼亞設立軍火製造廠,但生產技術都是來自塞爾維亞及其他南斯拉夫聯邦的成員國,所以在南斯拉夫分裂後,波斯尼亞的工業生產也無以為繼,基礎設施在南斯拉夫內戰中飽受破壞。在獨立後,波斯尼亞的經濟發展仍然較慢。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 存档副本. Imf.org. 2006-09-14 [2014-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04). 
  2. ^ Federalni zavod za statistiku. [3 March 2015]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-23). 
  3. ^ Ease of Doing Business in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Doingbusiness.org. [2017-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-26). 
  4. ^ Export Partners of Bosnia&Herzegovina. CIA World Factbook. 2015 [2016-08-04]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  5. ^ Import Partners of Bosnia&Herzegovina. CIA World Factbook. 2015 [2016-08-04]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-17). 
  6. ^ Eurostat: General government gross debt - annual data[永久失效連結]
  7. ^ Sovereigns rating list. Standard & Poor's. [26 May 2011]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 

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