阿爾及爾之戰

阿爾及爾之戰
阿爾及爾之戰
基本资料
导演	吉洛·彭特克沃（義大利語：Gillo Pontecorvo）
监制	安東尼奧·穆蘇（義大利語：Antonio Musu）; 薩阿迪·耶謝夫（阿拉伯语：ياسف سعدي）
编剧	佛朗哥·索利納斯（義大利語：Franco Solinas）
故事	佛朗哥·索利納斯; 吉洛·彭特克沃
原著	《Souvenirs de la Bataille d'Alger》; 薩阿迪·耶謝夫作品
主演	吉恩·馬丁（法语：Jean Martin (acteur)）; 薩阿迪·耶謝夫; 卜拉欣·哈吉亞格（阿拉伯语：إبراهيم حجاج）; 托馬索·內里（Tommaso Neri）
配乐	恩尼奥·莫里康内; 吉洛·彭特克沃
摄影	馬塞洛·加蒂（義大利語：Marcello Gatti）
剪辑	馬里奧·莫拉（義大利語：Mario Morra）; 馬利歐·蘭德雷（義大利語：Mario Serandrei）
制片商	Igor Film; Casbah Film
片长	136分鐘（原始版）; 120分鐘（戲院版）
产地	意大利; 阿尔及利亚
语言	阿拉伯語; 法語
上映及发行
上映日期	1966年8月31日（威尼斯）; 1966年9月9日（義大利）; 1966年9月27日（阿爾及利亞）; ; ; ; ; ;
发行商	Magna（義大利）
预算	$806,735
票房	$879,794（美國）

《阿爾及爾之戰》（義大利語：La battaglia di Algeri；阿拉伯语：معركة الجزائر‎，羅馬化：Maʿrakat al-Jazāʾir）是一部1966年的战争电影，由吉洛·彭特克沃（義大利語：Gillo Pontecorvo）共同编剧和导演。本劇描述民族解放陣線在阿尔及利亚战争期间对北非法国政府进行的反抗，其中以與電影同名的阿爾及爾戰役（英语：Battle of Algiers (1956–1957)）為主軸。影片的配乐由彭特克沃和恩尼奥·莫里康内创作。本片被歸為意大利新现实主义电影之一。 ^[2]

本片重現了1954年11月至1957年12月阿尔及利亚独立战争期间在法属阿尔及利亚首都发生的事件。由于阿尔及利亚越来越多的暴力行为，法国派遣特遣隊瓦解FLN，以暴力手段清除其成員。这部电影的結尾為民族主义示威和骚乱的畫面，暗示法国雖赢得阿尔及尔战役，卻最終撤出阿爾及利亞。電影的尾聲則簡短提到阿爾及利亞最終成功獨立^[3]。

劇情摘要

片中主角阿里（Ali La Pointe）原是阿爾及爾的市井無賴，靠偷竊和詐賭為生。數次被捕後，在獄中接觸到民族解放陣線(FLN)並受到感召。出獄後成為組織的打手，剷除不願合作的當地人，並參與對法裔居民區的恐怖攻擊。與此同時，居住在阿爾及利亞的法裔對當地人的恨意也在升高，開始以相同的手段對付當地人。

法國政府感到局勢危急，派出二戰老兵馬修上校，帶領特遣隊到殖民地平亂。馬修曾是法國抵抗運動的成員，他很快就認清FLN的戰術及組織，並著手將之瓦解。雖然成效卓越，但因為手段殘酷，引起外界質疑。最後藉由酷刑，終於得到阿里的藏身之處。他派兵包圍阿里所在的公寓，在勸降失敗之後，下令以炸藥炸死阿里及殘黨。阿里死後，法國政府原以為已經消滅反抗勢力，卻面對不斷發生的騷亂，最終不得不放棄阿爾及利亞。

製作及片風

劇本

《阿尔及尔之战》的靈感来自1962年FLN軍官薩阿迪·耶謝夫的回憶錄《紀念阿爾及爾戰役》（法語：Souvenirs de la Bataille d'Alger）一書。^[4] 他在被俘时撰寫了这本书，以提振反抗士气。独立后，阿尔及利亚政府支持将耶謝夫的回忆录改编成电影。 FLN開始與意大利导演吉洛·龐特科爾沃（英语：Gillo Pontecorvo）和编剧佛朗哥·索利納斯（英语：Franco Solinas）取得联系。

耶謝夫自己撰寫沒有對話或劇情的剧本，^[5] 卻因为劇本太過偏向阿尔及利亚人，被義大利片商否決。制片人虽然同情阿爾及利亞，但希望從更中立的角度出發。《阿尔及尔之战》最终以阿尔及利亚人为主角，描绘了阿尔及利亚人和法国人的残酷和苦難。^[6]

为了满足戲劇需求，本片將實際人物做了修正，例如馬修上校是由雅克·马苏為主的數名法国平叛軍官合成的。^[7] 薩阿迪·耶謝夫曾说过馬修更多地基于馬塞爾·比格德（英语：Marcel Bigeard），尽管这个角色也让人想起羅傑·特林基（英语：Roger Trinquier）。^[8] 编剧否認故意把马修描绘得过于优雅高贵，他在接受采访时表示，上校“优雅而有文化，因为西方文明既不优雅也无文化”。 ^[9] 龐特科爾沃在电影中描繪FLN领导人拉比·本·姆希迪（英语：Ben H'midi）和馬修上校的相似之处，顯示兩方一樣殘暴。

视觉风格

龐特科爾沃和摄影师馬塞洛·加蒂用黑白片尝试了各种技术，使电影神似新闻片和纪录片。其結果過於逼真，以至美国版發行時，特地附註“一點新聞片也沒有”。 ^[10]^[11]

選角

本片唯一的專業演員是飾演馬修上校的讓·馬丁。此前，马丁因签署反对阿尔及利亚战争宣言而被国家人民剧院开除。马丁本身是法国抵抗运动的老兵，他的詮釋具有自传的深度。据编剧弗兰科·索利纳斯的采访，马丁和龐特科爾沃之间的工作关系並非一帆风顺。龐特科爾沃不确定马丁的专业表演风格是否会与非专业人士形成太大的反差，对马丁的表演进行了争论。 ^[12]

相對於此，片中其他角色都是非專業人士。扮演加法尔·埃尔·哈迪的薩阿迪·耶謝夫和扮演法蒂赫的薩米亞·克巴什都是FLN的成员。主要演员有：

讓・馬丁饰菲利普·馬修上校
布拉欣·哈吉亚格饰Ali La Pointe
Saadi Yacef 饰Saari Kader/El-Hadi Jafar

音樂

迴響

影評

電影在第27屆威尼斯影展上獲得了金獅獎，并獲得了三項奥斯卡金像獎提名（非連續年份，一項獨特的成就）：1967年奥斯卡金像獎最佳外語片、最佳劇本和1969年奥斯卡金像獎最佳導演^[13]。

羅傑·艾伯特給這部電影4/4，稱它是“一部存在於這種痛苦現實中的偉大電影。这可能是許多觀眾無法承受的更深刻的電影體驗：太憤世嫉俗、太真實、太殘忍、太令人心碎。这是關於阿爾及利亞的戰爭，但那些對阿爾及利亞不感興趣的人可以用另一場戰爭代替；本片揭露不變的真相”。 ^[14]2012年《Sight & Sound》民意调查的250部电影中排名第48位， ^[15]以及《帝国》雜誌有史以來最偉大的500部电影名单中的第120位。 ^[16] 2010年，《帝国》世界电影100部最佳电影中排名第6。 ^[17]它被選入“100部待保存的義大利電影”。

美國導演史丹利·庫柏力克稱讚這部電影說：“從某種意義上說，所有電影都是虛假紀錄片。一個人試圖盡可能接近現實，但它不是現實。有些人做的非常巧妙，這完全讓我著迷。例如：《阿爾及爾之戰》。这是非常令人印象深刻的。” ^[18]此外，據他的私人助說：“當我於1965年9月開始為史丹利工作時，他告訴我，如果沒有看過《阿爾及爾之戰》，我無法真正理解電影的能力。他終生對此作充滿熱情。” ^[18]

美國導演史蒂芬·索德柏將這部電影列為他《天人交戰》的靈感來源，並指出這部電影（連同科斯塔-加夫拉斯的《Z》）有“那種被抓住而非刻意的美妙感覺，這正是我們所追求的。” ^[19] ^[20] ^[21]

克里斯多夫·諾蘭將這部電影列為他的最愛之一，黑暗騎士：黎明昇起》和《敦克爾克大行動》也受其影響。 ^[22] ^[23]

巴勒斯坦裔美國學者愛德華·薩依德称赞《阿爾及爾之戰》（以及吉洛·彭特克沃（義大利語：Gillo Pontecorvo）的另一部电影《烽火怪客（義大利語：Queimada）》）“......无与伦比。這兩部電影共同構成了一種從未有過的政治和審美標準。” ^[24]

法國禁播

鉴于阿尔及利亚战争造成的分歧，这部电影在法国引起了相当大的政治争议，在法被禁五年 ^[25]。导演收到了同情法军的死亡威胁^[26]。

2003年美國國防部放映

2003年期间，媒体报道称，美国国防部于8月27日舉行內部放映，认为对在被占领伊拉克面临类似问题的指挥官和部队有用^[27]。放映传单寫道：「為何贏得反恐卻輸了民心？孩童射殺眼前的士兵，婦女在咖啡館引爆炸彈，整個阿拉伯世界陷入瘋狂，耳不耳熟？法國人本有妙計，卻無法成功。欲知理由，請來看這部難得的電影。」据负责放映的国防部官员称，“这部电影的放映提供了对法国在阿尔及利亚行动的历史洞察力，旨在促进对法国當時面临的挑战进行深入的讨论。”

參見

秘密軍事組織

阿爾及利亞戰爭

法屬阿爾及利亞

延伸阅读

Aussaresses，保罗将军。卡斯巴之战：1955-1957 年阿尔及利亚的恐怖主义和反恐（纽约，Enigma Books，2010 年）。ISBN 978-1-929631-30-8 。

参考

^ The Battle of Algiers (1967) - Box Office Mojo. www.boxofficemojo.com. [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-15）.
^ Shapiro, Michael J. Slow Looking: The Ethics and Politics of Aesthetics: Jill Bennett, Empathic Vision: Affect, Trauma, and Contemporary Art (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005); Mark Reinhardt, Holly Edwards, and Erina Duganne, Beautiful Suffering: Photography and the Traffic in Pain (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2007); Gillo Pontecorvo, director, The Battle of Algiers (Criterion: Special Three-Disc Edition, 2004). Millennium: Journal of International Studies. 1 August 2008, 37: 181–197. doi:10.1177/0305829808093770.
^ Gillo Pontecorvo: The Battle of Algiers. The Guardian. [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）.
^ "The Source". The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 14.
^ The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 14.
^ Peter Matthews, "The Battle of Algiers: Bombs and Boomerangs", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 7.
^ Arun Kapil, "Selected Biographies of Participants in the French-Algerian War", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 50.
^ Cinquantenaire de l'insurrection algérienne La Bataille d'Alger, une leçon de l'histoire. Rfi.fr. 2004-10-29 [2010-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）.
^ Pier Nico Solinas, "An Interview with Franco Solinas", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 32.
^ J. David Slocum, Terrorism, Media, Liberation. Rutgers University Press, 2005, p. 25.
^ KENNETH TURAN. A biography of a movement. Los Angeles Times. LA Times. [2022-05-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-12）.
^ PierNico Solinas, "An Interview with Franco Solinas", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD,
^ The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners. oscars.org. [2011-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-02）.
^ 存档副本. [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-11）.
^ Critics' top 100. bfi.org.uk. [14 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于19 August 2012）.
^ The 500 Greatest Movies Of All Time. Empire. 2015-10-02 [14 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-22）.
^ "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema: 6. The Battle of Algiers", Empire.. [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.
^ ^18.0 ^18.1 Wrigley, Nick. Stanley Kubrick, cinephile. BFI. February 8, 2018 [August 8, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-11）.
^ Palmer, R. Barton; Sanders, Steven M. (编). The Philosophy of Steven Soderbergh. University Press of Kentucky. January 28, 2011 [12 July 2021]. ISBN 9780813139890. Soderbergh called Traffic his “$47 million Dogme film” and used hand-held camera, available light, and (ostensibly) improvistational performance in an attempt to present a realistic story about illegal drugs. He prepared by analyzing two political films made in a realist style: Battle of Algiers (Gillo Pontecorvo, 1966) and Z (Constantin Costa-Gavras, 1969), both of which he described as having “that great feeling of things that are caught, instead of staged, which is what we were after.”
^ Swapnil Dhruv Bose. Steven Soderbergh's 10 best films ranked in order of greatness. Far Out. Far Out Magazine. [12 July 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）. The filmmaker said, “For this film, I spent a lot of time analysing Battle of Algiers and Z — both of which have that great feeling of things that are caught, instead of staged, which is what we were after. I just wanted that sensation of chasing the story, this sense that it may outrun us if we don’t move quickly enough.”
^ Mary Kaye Schilling. Steven Soderbergh on Quitting Hollywood, Getting the Best Out of J.Lo, and His Love of Girls. Vulture. Vox Media, LLC. August 8, 2014 [12 July 2021]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-02）.
^ Zack Sharf. Christopher Nolan Reveals How 11 Classic Films Inspired 'Dunkirk'. IndieWire. Penske Business Media, LLC. May 25, 2017 [15 September 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）. Nolan cited Gillo Pontecorvo’s war film as “a timeless and affecting verité narrative, which forces empathy with its characters in the least theatrical manner imaginable. We care about the people in the film simply because we feel immersed in their reality and the odds they face.”
^ Jonathan Lewis. Good guys and bad guys: The Battle of Algiers and The Dark Knight Rises. openDemocracy. openDemocracy. December 20, 2012 [15 September 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）. It was thus with a degree of surprise and interest that I found the latest director to cite The Battle of Algiers as an influence to be Christopher Nolan, the man behind the latest films in the Batman franchise. The final instalment in Nolan’s Batman trilogy, The Dark Knight Rises, premiered in July 2012, and brought an end to a story that commenced with 2005’s Batman Begins and 2008’s The Dark Knight. Interviews with Nolan and his team on the making of The Dark Knight Rises indicate that Nolan chose The Battle of Algiers as one of the films for the crew to watch and from which to gain inspiration before they started filming, with Nolan stating that ‘no film has ever captured the chaos and fear of an uprising as vividly as [The Battle of Algiers]’. In the remainder of this article, I will build on Nolan’s above statement, exploring the ways in which traces of Pontecorvo’s film manifest themselves in The Dark Knight Rises, especially with regard to the themes with which the final episode in the Batman trilogy engages.
^ Edward Said Documentary on 'The Battle of Algiers'. Vimeo. [11 June 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）.
^ PierNico Solinas, "An Interview with Franco Solinas", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 37.
^ Bernstein, Adam. Film Director Gillo Pontecorvo; 'Battle of Algiers' Broke Ground. WaPo. 16 October 2006 [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-20）.
^ "Re-release of The Battle of Algiers （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Diplomatic License, CNN, January 1, 2004.

外部链接

互联网电影数据库（IMDb）上《阿爾及爾之戰》的资料（英文）
中阿尔及尔TCM电影资料库上《阿爾及爾之戰》的资料（英文）资料（英文）
美国电影学会目录（英语：AFI Catalog of Feature Films）上的《阿爾及爾之戰》（英文）
AllMovie上《阿爾及爾之戰》的资料（英文）
爛番茄上《阿爾及爾之戰》的資料（英文）
Metacritic上《阿爾及爾之戰》的資料（英文）
里亚托影业官方网站（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
阿尔及尔之战：炸弹和回旋镖 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）彼得·马修斯 (Peter Matthews) 在标准收藏中的文章

[1] The Battle of Algiers (1967) - Box Office Mojo. www.boxofficemojo.com. [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-15）.

[SlowLooking-2] Shapiro, Michael J. Slow Looking: The Ethics and Politics of Aesthetics: Jill Bennett, Empathic Vision: Affect, Trauma, and Contemporary Art (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005); Mark Reinhardt, Holly Edwards, and Erina Duganne, Beautiful Suffering: Photography and the Traffic in Pain (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2007); Gillo Pontecorvo, director, The Battle of Algiers (Criterion: Special Three-Disc Edition, 2004). Millennium: Journal of International Studies. 1 August 2008, 37: 181–197. doi:10.1177/0305829808093770.

[Guardian-3] Gillo Pontecorvo: The Battle of Algiers. The Guardian. [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）.

[4] "The Source". The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 14.

[5] The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 14.

[6] Peter Matthews, "The Battle of Algiers: Bombs and Boomerangs", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 7.

[7] Arun Kapil, "Selected Biographies of Participants in the French-Algerian War", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 50.

[8] Cinquantenaire de l'insurrection algérienne La Bataille d'Alger, une leçon de l'histoire. Rfi.fr. 2004-10-29 [2010-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）.

[9] Pier Nico Solinas, "An Interview with Franco Solinas", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 32.

[10] J. David Slocum, Terrorism, Media, Liberation. Rutgers University Press, 2005, p. 25.

[11] KENNETH TURAN. A biography of a movement. Los Angeles Times. LA Times. [2022-05-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-12）.

[12] PierNico Solinas, "An Interview with Franco Solinas", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD,

[Oscars1967-13] The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners. oscars.org. [2011-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-02）.

[14] 存档副本. [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-11）.

[Sight&Sound-15] Critics' top 100. bfi.org.uk. [14 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于19 August 2012）.

[Empire-16] The 500 Greatest Movies Of All Time. Empire. 2015-10-02 [14 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-22）.

[17] "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema: 6. The Battle of Algiers", Empire.. [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.

[Stanley_Kubrick,_cinephile-18] 18.0 ^18.1 Wrigley, Nick. Stanley Kubrick, cinephile. BFI. February 8, 2018 [August 8, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-11）.

[19] Palmer, R. Barton; Sanders, Steven M. (编). The Philosophy of Steven Soderbergh. University Press of Kentucky. January 28, 2011 [12 July 2021]. ISBN 9780813139890. Soderbergh called Traffic his “$47 million Dogme film” and used hand-held camera, available light, and (ostensibly) improvistational performance in an attempt to present a realistic story about illegal drugs. He prepared by analyzing two political films made in a realist style: Battle of Algiers (Gillo Pontecorvo, 1966) and Z (Constantin Costa-Gavras, 1969), both of which he described as having “that great feeling of things that are caught, instead of staged, which is what we were after.”

[20] Swapnil Dhruv Bose. Steven Soderbergh's 10 best films ranked in order of greatness. Far Out. Far Out Magazine. [12 July 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）. The filmmaker said, “For this film, I spent a lot of time analysing Battle of Algiers and Z — both of which have that great feeling of things that are caught, instead of staged, which is what we were after. I just wanted that sensation of chasing the story, this sense that it may outrun us if we don’t move quickly enough.”

[21] Mary Kaye Schilling. Steven Soderbergh on Quitting Hollywood, Getting the Best Out of J.Lo, and His Love of Girls. Vulture. Vox Media, LLC. August 8, 2014 [12 July 2021]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-02）.

[22] Zack Sharf. Christopher Nolan Reveals How 11 Classic Films Inspired 'Dunkirk'. IndieWire. Penske Business Media, LLC. May 25, 2017 [15 September 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）. Nolan cited Gillo Pontecorvo’s war film as “a timeless and affecting verité narrative, which forces empathy with its characters in the least theatrical manner imaginable. We care about the people in the film simply because we feel immersed in their reality and the odds they face.”

[23] Jonathan Lewis. Good guys and bad guys: The Battle of Algiers and The Dark Knight Rises. openDemocracy. openDemocracy. December 20, 2012 [15 September 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）. It was thus with a degree of surprise and interest that I found the latest director to cite The Battle of Algiers as an influence to be Christopher Nolan, the man behind the latest films in the Batman franchise. The final instalment in Nolan’s Batman trilogy, The Dark Knight Rises, premiered in July 2012, and brought an end to a story that commenced with 2005’s Batman Begins and 2008’s The Dark Knight. Interviews with Nolan and his team on the making of The Dark Knight Rises indicate that Nolan chose The Battle of Algiers as one of the films for the crew to watch and from which to gain inspiration before they started filming, with Nolan stating that ‘no film has ever captured the chaos and fear of an uprising as vividly as [The Battle of Algiers]’. In the remainder of this article, I will build on Nolan’s above statement, exploring the ways in which traces of Pontecorvo’s film manifest themselves in The Dark Knight Rises, especially with regard to the themes with which the final episode in the Batman trilogy engages.

[24] Edward Said Documentary on 'The Battle of Algiers'. Vimeo. [11 June 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-18）.

[25] PierNico Solinas, "An Interview with Franco Solinas", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 37.

[26] Bernstein, Adam. Film Director Gillo Pontecorvo; 'Battle of Algiers' Broke Ground. WaPo. 16 October 2006 [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-20）.

[27] "Re-release of The Battle of Algiers （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Diplomatic License, CNN, January 1, 2004.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

阿爾及爾之戰

劇情摘要

製作及片風

劇本

视觉风格

選角

音樂

迴響

影評

法國禁播

2003年美國國防部放映

參見

延伸阅读

参考

外部链接

Read other articles:

Katedral Dresden

Estradiol 3-glucuronide

Daftar Presiden Gambia

Pertempuran Mykolaiv

Frédéric Chabot

Geluga

Klik Indonesia

Katedral Thiès

The Timber Wolf

National Soccer League 1982

Giovanni Toti

Partai Katolik Demokrat

Krog Street Market

Premillennialism

Datia State

Epristeride

Coele-Syria

Estádio Municipal de Portimão

Monetary policy

Министерство природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерации