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Punggok maluku

Punggok Maluku
Punggok maluku, Ninox squamipila
Klasifikasi ilmiah
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Spesies:
N. squamipila
Nama binomial
Ninox squamipila
(Bonaparte, 1850)

Punggok maluku[2]:65 (Ninox squamipila) adalah spesies pungguk (sejenis burung hantu) dari suku Strigidae. Burung ini menyebar terbatas (endemik) di Pulau Seram dan sekitarnya, Provinsi Maluku, Indonesia. Dalam bahasa Inggris, burung ini dikenal sebagai Seram boobok.

Pengenalan

Burung pungguk berukuran sedang, panjang tubuh (paruh hingga ujung ekor) 25-36 cm; panjang sayap 190–212 mm dan ekor lk. 135 mm.[3] Mahkota kepala berwarna cokelat tua kemerahan, dengan punggung dan penutup sayap sedikit bebercak. Bulu terbang dan ekor berpalang. Dada berpalang kehitaman, tubuh bagian bawah sisanya keputih-putihan. Iris mata kuning.[4]:LG 35; 113 Jantan dan betina mirip, tetapi ukuran hewan betina sedikit lebih besar. Berat jantan lk. 210 g.[3]

Penyebaran dan ras

Punggok maluku semula dianggap terdiri dari beberapa ras, yang menyebar luas di Kepulauan Maluku.[4]:113 Akan tetapi beberapa penelitian yang berlain-lainan belakangan menemukan bahwa ras-ras tersebut cukup berbeda secara genetik, sehingga kemudian masing-masing ras itu dianggap sebagai spesies tersendiri. Ras-ras yang dinaikkan statusnya tersebut adalah punggok buru (N. hantu) di Pulau Buru, punggok halmahera (N. hypogramma) di Maluku utara, punggok tanimbar (N. forbesi) di Kepulauan Tanimbar. Sementara punggok maluku kini sebarannya terbatas di Pulau Seram dan sekitarnya.[5][6][7]

Habitat dan kebiasaan

Burung nokturnal penetap yang menghuni hutan primer dan sekunder yang tinggi, hutan tebang-pilih dan tepi hutan di dataran rendah dan perbukitan. Siang hari biasanya bertengger di tajuk yang lebat. Makanan utamanya adalah serangga, yang diburu dari tempat bertengger di tajuk tengah dan tajuk bawah hutan, kadang dari tenggeran yang terbuka. Biasanya terlihat sendirian atau berpasangan.[3]

Punggok seram diketahui hidup menyebar dari ketinggian permukaan laut sampai dengan 1.400 m dpl.[4]:113

Referensi

  1. ^ BirdLife International. (2016). Ninox squamipila. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22727893A94965117. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727893A94965117.en. Downloaded on 12 March 2020.
  2. ^ Burung Indonesia & B. van Balen. (2010). Informasi tambahan: "Burung-burung di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali dan Kalimantan". Bogor: Perhimpunan Pelestarian Burung Liar Indonesia.
  3. ^ a b c Olsen, P.D. & J.S. Marks. (2020). Seram Boobook (Ninox squamipila). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/55113 on 13 March 2020).
  4. ^ a b c Coates, B.J. & K.D. Bishop. (2000). Panduan lapangan Burung-burung di Kawasan Wallacea. Bogor: BirdLife IP & Dove Publication. ISBN 979-95794-2-2
  5. ^ Norman, J.A., L. Christidis, M. Westerman & F.A.R. Hill. (1998). "Molecular Data Confirms the Species Status of the Christmas Island Hawk-Owl Ninox natalis". Emu, 98(3):197-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/MU98028 (abstrak)
  6. ^ Rheindt, F.E. & R. Hutchinson. (2007). "A photoshot odyssey through the confused avian taxonomy of Seram and Buru (southern Moluccas)". BirdingASIA 7: 18–38.
  7. ^ Gwee, C.Y., L. Christidis, J.A. Eaton, J.A. Norman, C.R. Trainor, P. Verbelen & F.E. Rheindt. (2017). "Bioacoustic and multi-locus DNA data of Ninox owls support high incidence of extinction and recolonisation on small, low-lying islands across Wallacea". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 109: 246–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.024

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