1776 in the United States

Decades:	; ; 1770s; 1780s; 1790s;
See also:	1776 in the Thirteen Colonies; History of the United States (1776–1789); Timeline of the American Revolution; List of years in the United States;

1776 is celebrated in the United States as the official beginning of the nation, with the Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies from the British Empire issued on July 4.

Events

July

July 4: United States Declaration of Independence

July 4
- American Revolution: The United States Declaration of Independence, in which the United States officially declares independence from the British Empire, is approved by the Continental Congress and signed by its president, John Hancock, together with representatives from Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina and Virginia.
- John Rutledge is sworn in as the 31st governor of South Carolina.
- Josiah Martin ends as the ninth and last Governor of the Province of North Carolina and gets in exiled.
- Henry Beeson founds the town of Union now Uniontown, Pennsylvania.^[1]
July 5
- Patrick Henry is sworn in as the first governor of Virginia.
- The Fifth Virginia Convention ends at Williamsburg.
July 8–10 – American Revolution: Battle of Gwynn's Island.
July 8 – American Revolution: The Liberty Bell rings for the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia.
July 9 – American Revolution: An angry mob in New York City topples the equestrian statue of George III in Bowling Green.
July 14 – Capture and rescue of Jemima Boone.
July 15 – American Revolution: Battle of Lindley's Fort.
July 19 – The Treaty of Watertown is signed in the Edmund Fowle House in the town of Watertown, Massachusetts Bay.
July 20 – American Revolution: Battle of Island Flats.
July 29 – Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez, and eight other Spaniards set out from Santa Fe on an eighteen-hundred mile trek through the American Southwest. They are the first Europeans to explore the vast region between the Rockies and the Sierras.^[2]

August

August 2 – American Revolution: A parchment copy of the Declaration of Independence is signed by 56 members of Congress (not all of whom had been present on July 4).^[3]
August 13 – The New Jersey Legislative Council is elected, with the New Jersey Provincial Council being succeeded into the Legislative Council.
August 14 – The delegates of Maryland draft the Maryland Constitution of 1776.^[4]
August 15 – American Revolution: First Hessian troops land on Staten Island to join British forces.
August 23 – The 12th Pennsylvania Regiment is raised at Sunbury, Pennsylvania.
August 27
- American Revolution: Battle of Long Island: Washington's troops routed in Brooklyn by British under William Howe.
- The first session of the New Jersey Legislative Council convenes with the Provincial Congress of New Jersey ceased to function under the New Jersey State Constitution.^[5]
August 31 – William Livingston is sworn in as the first governor of New Jersey.

September

September 1 – Invasion of Cherokee Nation by 6,000 patriot troops from Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina begins. The troops destroy thirty-six Cherokee towns.^[6]
September 6 – Montgomery County and Washington Counties, Maryland are founded.^[7]^[8]
September 7 – American Revolution: World's first submarine attack. American submersible craft Turtle attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship HMS Eagle in New York Harbor.
September 11 – American Revolution: The British and Americans meet at the Staten Island Peace Conference seeking to end the revolution. The meeting is brief and unsuccessful.
September 15 – American Revolution: British land on Manhattan at Kip's Bay.
September 16
- American Revolution: Battle of Harlem Heights is fought, and won, making it Washington's first battle field victory.
- The 7th Maryland Regiment is authorized.
- The 4th New Jersey Regiment is raised at Elizabethtown, New Jersey
- The 7th North Carolina Regiment is raised at Halifax, North Carolina.
- The 11th Pennsylvania Regiment is authorized.
September 20
- The Delaware Constitution of 1776 is adopted.^[9]
- The Great Fire of New York begins.^[10]
September 21 – The Great Fire of New York ends.
September 22 – American Revolution: Nathan Hale executed in New York City for espionage.
September 28 – The Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 is ratified.^[11]

October

October 7 – The first session of the 1st Virginia General Assembly convenes.^[12]
October 9
- Father Francisco Palou founds Mission San Francisco de Asis in what is now San Francisco, California.
- Monongalia County, Virginia is formed (now West Virginia).
October 10 – Johnathan Trumbull is sworn in as the 16th governor of the newly formed state of Connecticut.
October 11 – American Revolution: Battle of Valcour Island: On Lake Champlain near Valcour Island, a British fleet led by Sir Guy Carleton defeats 15 American gunboats commanded by Brigadier General Benedict Arnold. Although nearly all of Arnold's ships are destroyed, the two-day-long battle will give Patriot forces enough time to prepare defenses of New York City.
October 17 – The Rutherford Light Horse expedition begins.^[13]
October 18 – American Revolution: Battle of Pell's Point.
October 20 – The 1st Delaware General Assembly convenes.
October 22 – American Revolution: Battle of Mamaroneck.^[14]
October 28 – American Revolution: Battle of White Plains: British forces arrive at White Plains, attack and capture Chatterton Hill from the Americans.
October 31 – In his first speech before British Parliament since the Declaration of Independence that summer, King George III acknowledges that all is not going well for Britain in the war with the United States.

November

November – Whitcomb's Rangers is formed at Fort Ticonderoga, New York.
November 10–28 – American Revolution: Battle of Fort Cumberland.
November 12 – The first session of the Fifth North Carolina Provincial Congress meets in Halifax, North Carolina with Richard Caswell as president and Cornelius Harnett as vice president.^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]
November 16
- American Revolution: Battle of Fort Washington – Hessian forces under Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen capture Fort Washington (Manhattan) from the American Continental Army.
- The Rutherford Light Horse expedition ends.^[13]
November 20 – American Revolution: Battle of Fort Lee – Invasion of New Jersey by British and Hessian forces and subsequent general retreat of the Continental Army.
November 26 – The 8th North Carolina Regiment is authorized.
November 28 – The 9th North Carolina Regiment is established.^[19]

December

December – The Virginia Legislature incorporates Bath, Virginia now West Virginia.^[20]
December 5 – Phi Beta Kappa honor society founded at the College of William and Mary.
December 7 – American Revolution: Marquis de Lafayette attempts to enter the American military as a major general.
December 14 – American Revolution: Ambush of Geary
December 19 – American Revolution: Thomas Paine, living with Washington's troops, publishes the first in the series of pamphlets on The American Crisis in The Pennsylvania Journal, opening with the stirring phrase, "These are the times that try men's souls."
December 21
- American Revolution: The Royal Colony of North Carolina reorganizes into the State of North Carolina after adopting its own constitution. Richard Caswell becomes the first governor of the newly formed state.
- The North Carolina Council of State is formed by the constitutional convention of North Carolina.
December 22–23 – American Revolution: Battle of Iron Works Hill
December 23 – the first session of the Fifth North Carolina Provincial Congress ends.^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]
December 25 – American Revolution: At 6 p.m. Gen. George Washington and his troops, numbering 2,400, march to McConkey's Ferry, cross the Delaware River, and land on the New Jersey bank by 3 a.m. the following morning.
December 26 – American Revolution: Battle of Trenton: Washington's troops surprise the 1500 Hessian troops under the command of Col. Johann Rall at 8 a.m. outside Trenton and score a victory, taking 948 prisoners while suffering only 5 wounded.

Undated

The Maryland Court of Appeals now the Supreme Court of Maryland is founded by Article 56 of the Maryland Constitution of 1776.
Fort Clinton is erected by the Continental Army west bank of the Hudson River.
Fort Defiance is constructed by Nathanael Greene.^[21]
Fort Salonga is built in Fort Salonga, New York.
Peter Van Brugh Livingston is appointed by the New York Provincial Congress as the first New York State Treasurer.^[22]
Brunswick Town, North Carolina is attacked by British soldiers of the Royal Navy ship Cruizer and burns most of the town including St. Philip's Church.^[23]^[24]
Henry Robason settles in the location that will become Robersonville, North Carolina.
Forks of the Tar changes to Washington, North Carolina naming it in honor of George Washington.
Thoughts on Government is written by John Adams.
The Continental Powder Works at French Creek is constructed.
Crawford Township, Pennsylvania is settled.
The Dobbin House Tavern is built in the location now to be Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
The Seal of South Carolina is adopted.
The Boston Caucus dissolves.
Garnet Fort later to be Fort Andrew is built.^[25]
Fort Revere is first fortified by Patriot forces.
Gill, Massachusetts is first settled.
Hancock, Massachusetts is incorporated named after John Hancock.
The Independent Chronicle publishes its first issue.
North Cemetery is built in Leverett, Massachusetts.
The House of Burgesses comes to an end.
Fort Nelson is constructed by Virginia's Revolutionary government.^[26]
Fort Randolph is built in Point Pleasant, Virginia.
Kentucky County, Virginia is founded.^[27]
Washington County, Virginia is formed by Virginians and named after George Washington.
The Pennsylvania Provincial Council dissolves.
The 20th Continental Regiment is established.
Lookout Place is constructed by British Regulars.

Births

July 4 – Ethan Allen Brown, politician (died 1852)
July 5
- Daniel Dobbins, captain in the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service (died 1856)
- Bernard Smith, politician (died 1835)
July 10 – Samuel Powell, politician (died 1841)
July 29 – James McSherry, politician (died 1849)
August 13 – Abraham Shepherd, politician (died 1847)
August 21 – Joseph Healy, politician (died 1861)
August 26 – Henry A. Livingston, politician (died 1849)
September 1 – Ezekiel Bacon, politician (died 1870)
September 4 – Stephen Whitney, merchant (died 1860)
September 9 – Parmenio Adams, politician (died 1832)
September 15
- William Baylies, politician (died 1865)
- Calvin Willey, U.S. senator from Connecticut from 1825 to 1831 (died 1858)
September 17 – Langdon Cheves, politician (died 1857)
October 18 – Cowles Mead, politician (died 1844)
October 30
- George M. Bibb, U.S. senator from Kentucky from 1811 to 1814 (died 1859)
- John Hahn, politician (died 1823)
October 31 – Francis Locke, politician (died 1823)
November 1 – Abraham McClellan, politician (died 1851)
November 7 – Bartow White, politician (died 1862)
November 10
- Samuel Gross, politician (died 1839)
- General Washington Johnston, politician (died 1833)
December 1
- Elijah H. Mills, politician (died 1829)
- Isaac Lacey, politician (died 1844)
December 7 – Reuben Whallon, politician (died 1843)
December 8 – William Logan, U.S. senator from Kentucky from 1819 to 1820 (died 1822)
December 10 – David Marchand, politician (died 1832)
December 13 – James Hawkes, congressman (died 1865)
December 25 – John Slater, businessman (died 1843)
December 30 – William Drayton, politician (died 1846)

Deaths

August 1 – Francis Salvador, patriot (born 1747)
September 22 – Nathan Hale, spy (born 1755; executed)
December 27 – Johann Rall, Hessian colonel (born c. 1726)

References

^ Hadden 1913, pp. 9–12.
^ Saunt, Claudio (2014). West of the Revolution: An Uncommon History of 1776, p. 95. W. W. Norton & Company, New York. ISBN 9780393240207.
^ U.S. State Department (1911). The Declaration of Independence, 1776. pp. 10–11.
^ Willis, John T.; Smith, Herbert C. (January 2012). Smith & Willis, Maryland Politics and Government (2012). U of Nebraska Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-8032-3843-5.
^ "New Jersey Legislature, Historical Information". Retrieved August 12, 2009. See also: New Jersey Legislature#Before the Legislature and the Constitution of 1776.
^ Saunt, Claudio (2014). Revolution: An Uncommon History of 1776, p. 27. W. W. Norton & Company, New York. ISBN 9780393240207.
^ "Montgomery County Centennial: An Old-Fashioned Maryland Reunion". The Baltimore Sun. September 7, 1876. p. 1. ProQuest 534282014.
^ Maryland. Convention (1836). Proceedings of the Conventions of the providence of Maryland, held at the city of Annapolis, in 1774, 1775, & 1776. Baltimore, Md.; Annapolis, Md.: Baltimore, James Lucas & E. K. Deaver; Annapolis, Jonas Green. p. 242. hdl:loc.gdc/scd0001.00117695347. LCCN 10012042. OCLC 3425542. OL 7018977M. Resolved, That after the first day of October next, such part of the said county of Frederick as is contained within the bounds and limits following, to wit : beginning at the east side of the mouth of Rock creek on Potowmac river, and running with the said river to the mouth of Monocacy, then with a straight line to Par's spring, from thence with the lines of the county to the beginning, shall be and is hereby erected into a new county by the name of Montgomery county.
^ ""Delaware: Admitted as "The First State" December 7, 1787 – Constituting America"". constitutingamerica.org. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
^ Stokes (1915–1928), v. 5, pp. 1020–24.
^ Armor 1873 and Gordon 1826
^ Swem, Earl G.; Williams, John W., eds. (1918). A Register of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1776–1918, and of the Constitutional Conventions. Commonwealth of Virginia. pp. 1–3. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Revolution; Learn NC online". Retrieved May 1, 2016., unavailable
^ Tucker(2012), p. 264
^ ^a ^b Butler, Lindley (2006). Powell, William Stevens (ed.). Encyclopedia of North Carolina, Provincial Congresses. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 917–918. ISBN 0807830712.
^ ^a ^b "State Library of North Carolina. Information page for Tryon Palace". Archived from the original on May 3, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Lewis, J.D. "5th Provincial Congress". The American Revolution in North Carolina. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Connor, Robert Diggs Wimberly, ed. (1913). A Manual of North Carolina Issued by the North Carolina Historical Commission for the Use of Members of the General Assembly Session 1913. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
^ Lewis, J.D. "9th North Carolina Regiment". The American Revolution in North Carolina. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
^ "Hening's Statutes at Large". vagenweb.org. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
^ Suzanne Spellen (aka Montrose Morris) (October 12, 2015). "How Red Hook's Fort Defiance Changed the Revolutionary War". Brownstoner. The entire earthwork was about 1,600 feet (490 m) long and covered the entire island.
^ Hough, Franklin Benjamin (1858). The New York Civil List: Containing the names and origin of the civil divisions, and the names and dates of election or appointment of the principal state and county officers from the Revolution to the present time. Albany: Weed, Parsons and Co. pp. 35-36. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
^ South, Stanely (2010). Archaeology at Colonial Brunswick. N.C. Office of Archives and History. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-86526-343-7.
^ "Brunswick Town/Fort Anderson". North Carolina Office of Archives and History. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009. Retrieved May 11, 2008.
^ Roberts, p. 393
^ "Department of Historic Resources". virginia.gov.
^ "Kentucky: Secretary of State - Land Office - Kentucky County Formations". Archived from the original on June 25, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2016.

Works cited

Stokes, Isaac Newton Phelps (1915–1928). The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1909. Robert H. Dodd.

External links

Media related to 1776 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons
"1776". Timeline. Digital Public Library of America. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014.

[1] Hadden 1913, pp. 9–12.

[2] Saunt, Claudio (2014). West of the Revolution: An Uncommon History of 1776, p. 95. W. W. Norton & Company, New York. ISBN 9780393240207.

[3] U.S. State Department (1911). The Declaration of Independence, 1776. pp. 10–11.

[4] Willis, John T.; Smith, Herbert C. (January 2012). Smith & Willis, Maryland Politics and Government (2012). U of Nebraska Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-8032-3843-5.

[NJLegislatureHistInfo-5] "New Jersey Legislature, Historical Information". Retrieved August 12, 2009. See also: New Jersey Legislature#Before the Legislature and the Constitution of 1776.

[6] Saunt, Claudio (2014). Revolution: An Uncommon History of 1776, p. 27. W. W. Norton & Company, New York. ISBN 9780393240207.

[cent-7] "Montgomery County Centennial: An Old-Fashioned Maryland Reunion". The Baltimore Sun. September 7, 1876. p. 1. ProQuest 534282014.

[proceedings-8] Maryland. Convention (1836). Proceedings of the Conventions of the providence of Maryland, held at the city of Annapolis, in 1774, 1775, & 1776. Baltimore, Md.; Annapolis, Md.: Baltimore, James Lucas & E. K. Deaver; Annapolis, Jonas Green. p. 242. hdl:loc.gdc/scd0001.00117695347. LCCN 10012042. OCLC 3425542. OL 7018977M. Resolved, That after the first day of October next, such part of the said county of Frederick as is contained within the bounds and limits following, to wit : beginning at the east side of the mouth of Rock creek on Potowmac river, and running with the said river to the mouth of Monocacy, then with a straight line to Par's spring, from thence with the lines of the county to the beginning, shall be and is hereby erected into a new county by the name of Montgomery county.

[9] ""Delaware: Admitted as "The First State" December 7, 1787 – Constituting America"". constitutingamerica.org. Retrieved May 8, 2023.

[FOOTNOTEStokes1915–1928[httpwwwcolumbiaeduculwebdigitalcollectionscultextsldpd_5800727_005pagesldpd_5800727_005_00000074html_v._5,_pp._1020–24]-10] Stokes (1915–1928), v. 5, pp. 1020–24.

[11] Armor 1873 and Gordon 1826

[rep-12] Swem, Earl G.; Williams, John W., eds. (1918). A Register of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1776–1918, and of the Constitutional Conventions. Commonwealth of Virginia. pp. 1–3. Retrieved December 29, 2021.

[learn-13] "Revolution; Learn NC online". Retrieved May 1, 2016., unavailable

[Tucker,_p._264-14] Tucker(2012), p. 264

[Butler-15] Butler, Lindley (2006). Powell, William Stevens (ed.). Encyclopedia of North Carolina, Provincial Congresses. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 917–918. ISBN 0807830712.

[Library-16] "State Library of North Carolina. Information page for Tryon Palace". Archived from the original on May 3, 2008.

[Lewis5th-17] Lewis, J.D. "5th Provincial Congress". The American Revolution in North Carolina. Retrieved August 13, 2019.

[Manual-18] Connor, Robert Diggs Wimberly, ed. (1913). A Manual of North Carolina Issued by the North Carolina Historical Commission for the Use of Members of the General Assembly Session 1913. Retrieved August 13, 2019.

[Lewis-19] Lewis, J.D. "9th North Carolina Regiment". The American Revolution in North Carolina. Retrieved April 30, 2019.

[20] "Hening's Statutes at Large". vagenweb.org. Retrieved March 5, 2017.

[Spellen-21] Suzanne Spellen (aka Montrose Morris) (October 12, 2015). "How Red Hook's Fort Defiance Changed the Revolutionary War". Brownstoner. The entire earthwork was about 1,600 feet (490 m) long and covered the entire island.

[Hough1858-22] Hough, Franklin Benjamin (1858). The New York Civil List: Containing the names and origin of the civil divisions, and the names and dates of election or appointment of the principal state and county officers from the Revolution to the present time. Albany: Weed, Parsons and Co. pp. 35-36. Retrieved October 30, 2019.

[23] South, Stanely (2010). Archaeology at Colonial Brunswick. N.C. Office of Archives and History. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-86526-343-7.

[Ruins-24] "Brunswick Town/Fort Anderson". North Carolina Office of Archives and History. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009. Retrieved May 11, 2008.

[Rob393-25] Roberts, p. 393

[virginia.gov-26] "Department of Historic Resources". virginia.gov.

[apps.sos.ky.gov-27] "Kentucky: Secretary of State - Land Office - Kentucky County Formations". Archived from the original on June 25, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2016.

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1776 in the United States

Events

July

August

September

October

November

December

Undated

Births

Deaths

See also

References

Works cited

External links

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