Congress of the Philippines

Congress of the Philippines

*Kongreso ng Pilipinas* (Filipino)
Congress of the Philippines ; Kongreso ng Pilipinas (Filipino)
19th Congress of the Philippines
	Seals of the Senate (left) and of the House of Representatives (right)
Type
Type	Bicameral
Houses	Senate; House of Representatives
History
Founded	June 9, 1945; 79 years ago
Preceded by	National Assembly of the Philippines
New session started	July 25, 2022
Leadership
President of the Senate	Francis Escudero, NPC ; since May 20, 2024
Speaker of the House of Representatives	Martin Romualdez, Lakas ; since July 25, 2022
Structure
Seats	340 (see list); 24 senators; 316 representatives
Senate political groups	Nacionalista (5); NPC (5); PDP (3); Akbayan (1); Lakas (1); PFP (1); PMP (1); UNA (1); Independent (5); Vacancy (1);
House of Representatives political groups	Lakas (92); PCFI (58); NUP (38); NPC (38); Nacionalista (36); PFP (11); Liberal (10); Local parties (8); PDP (5); Makabayan (3); PRP (2); Aksyon (1); CDP (1); LDP (1); Reporma (1); UNA (1); Independent (4); Vacancies (4);
Joint committees	Joint committees are chaired by senators
Authority	Article VI of the Constitution of the Philippines
Elections
Senate voting system	Multiple non-transferable vote
House of Representatives voting system	Parallel voting (Party-list proportional representation and first-past-the-post)
Last Senate election	May 9, 2022
Last House of Representatives election	May 9, 2022
Next Senate election	May 12, 2025
Next House of Representatives election	May 12, 2025
Meeting place
	The Senate meets at the GSIS Building, Financial Center, Jose W. Diokno Boulevard, Pasay
	The House of Representatives meets at the Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City, which also hosts joint sessions
Website
	econgress.gov.ph

The Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Kongreso ng Pilipinas) is the legislature of the national government of the Philippines. It is bicameral, composed of an upper body, the Senate, and a lower body, the House of Representatives,^[3] although colloquially, the term "Congress" commonly refers to just the latter.^[b] The Senate meets at the GSIS Building in Pasay, while the House of Representatives meets at the Batasang Pambansa in Quezon City, which also hosts joint sessions.

The Senate is composed of 24 senators^[4] half of which are elected every three years. Each senator, therefore, serves a total of six years. The senators are elected at-large and do not represent any geographical district.

In the current 19th Congress, there are 316 seats in the House of Representatives. The Constitution states that the House "shall be composed of not more than 250 members, unless otherwise fixed by law", and that at least 20% of it shall be sectoral representatives. There are two types of congressmen: the district and party-list representatives. At the time of the ratification of the constitution, there were 200 districts, leaving 50 seats for party-list representatives.

The district congressmen represent a particular congressional district of the country. All provinces in the country are composed of at least one congressional district. Several cities also have their own congressional districts, with some having two or more representatives.^[3] From 200 districts in 1987, the number of districts have increased to 253.^[5] Every new Congress has seen an increase in the number of districts.

The party-list congressmen represent the minority sectors of the population. This enables these minority groups to be represented in the Congress, when they would otherwise not be represented properly through district representation. Party-list representatives represent labor unions, rights groups, and other organizations.^[3] With the increase of districts also means that the seats for party-list representatives increase as well, as the 1:4 ratio has to be respected.

The Constitution provides that Congress shall convene for its regular session every year beginning on the 4th Monday of July. A regular session can last until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session in the succeeding year. The president may, however, call special sessions which are usually held between regular legislative sessions to handle emergencies or urgent matters.^[3]

History

Spanish era

During the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, municipal governments, or Cabildos were established. One such example was the Cabildo in Manila, established in 1571.^[6]

While the Philippines was under colonial rule as part of the Spanish East Indies, the colony had no representation in the Spanish Cortes. Only in 1809, when the colony was made an integral part of Spain, did it gain representation in the Cortes. While colonies such as the Philippines were selecting their delegates, substitutes were named so that the Cortes could convene. The substitutes, and first delegates for the Philippines were Pedro Pérez de Tagle and José Manuel Couto. Neither had any connection to the colony.^[7]

By July 1810, Governor General Manuel González de Aguilar received the instruction to hold an election. As only the Manila Municipal Council qualified to elect a representative, it was tasked to select a delegate. Three of its representatives, the governor-general and the Archbishop of Manila selected Ventura de los Reyes as Manila's delegate to the Cortes. De los Reyes arrived in Cadiz in December 1811.^[7]

However, with Napoleon I's defeat in 1814, his brother Joseph Bonaparte was removed from the Spanish throne, and the Cádiz Constitution was abolished by Ferdinand VII, who returned to the absolute monarchy, that removed Philippine representation on the Cortes, among other things. Restoration of Philippine representation to the Cortes was one of the grievances by the Ilustrados, the educated class during the late 19th century.^[4]

The Revolutionary era

The Illustrados' campaign transformed into the Philippine Revolution that aimed to overthrow Spanish rule. Proclaiming independence on June 12, 1898, President Emilio Aguinaldo then ordered the convening of a revolutionary congress at Malolos. The Malolos Congress, among other things, approved the Malolos Constitution. With the approval of the Treaty of Paris, the Spanish ceded the Philippines to the United States. The revolutionaries, attempting to prevent American conquest, launched the Philippine–American War, but were defeated when Aguinaldo was captured in 1901.^[4]

The American era

When the Philippines was under American colonial rule, the legislative body was the Philippine Commission which existed from 1900 to 1907. The President of the United States appointed the members of the Philippine Commission. Furthermore, two Filipinos served as Resident Commissioners to the House of Representatives of the United States from 1907 to 1935, then only one from 1935 to 1946. The Resident Commissioners had a voice in the House, but did not have voting rights.^[4]

The Philippine Bill of 1902 mandated the creation of a bicameral or a two-chamber Philippine Legislature with the Philippine Commission as the Upper House and the Philippine Assembly as the Lower House. This bicameral legislature was inaugurated in 1907. Through the leadership of then-Speaker Sergio Osmeña and then-Majority Floor Leader Manuel L. Quezon, the Rules of the 59th United States Congress were substantially adopted as the Rules of the Philippine Legislature.^[4]

In 1916, the Jones Law changed the legislative system. The Philippine Commission was abolished, and a new bicameral Philippine Legislature consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate was established.^[4]

The Commonwealth and Second Republic era

The legislative system was changed again in 1935. The 1935 Constitution, aside from instituting the Commonwealth which gave the Filipinos more role in government, established a unicameral National Assembly. But in 1940, through an amendment to the 1935 Constitution, a bicameral Congress of the Philippines consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate was created. Those elected in 1941 would not serve until 1945, as World War II erupted. The invading Japanese set up the Second Philippine Republic and convened its own National Assembly. With the Japanese defeat in 1945, the Commonwealth and its Congress was restored. The same setup continued until the Americans granted independence on July 4, 1946.^[4]

The Independence era

Upon the inauguration of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946, Republic Act No. 6 was enacted providing that on the date of the proclamation of the Republic of the Philippines, the existing Congress would be known as the First Congress of the Republic. Successive Congresses were elected until President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on September 23, 1972. Marcos then ruled by decree.^[4]

As early as 1970, Marcos had convened a constitutional convention to revise the 1935 Constitution; in 1973, the Constitution was approved. It abolished the bicameral Congress and created a unicameral National Assembly, which would ultimately be known as the Batasang Pambansa in a semi-presidential system of government. The Batasang Pambansa first convened in 1978, and elected a prime minister. ^[4]

Marcos was overthrown after the 1986 People Power Revolution; President Corazon Aquino then ruled by decree. Later that year she appointed a constitutional commission that drafted a new constitution. The Constitution was approved in a plebiscite the next year; it restored the presidential system of government together with a bicameral Congress of the Philippines. The restored Congress first convened in 1987.^[4]

Seat

Senate

House of Representatives

Congress Building

Japanese Schoolhouse

Ayuntamiento

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Locations of the historical (blue) and current (red) seats of Congress in Metro Manila.

The two houses of Congress meet at different places in Metro Manila, the seat of government: the Senate meets at the GSIS Building, the main office of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) in Pasay, while the House of Representatives sits at the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Quezon City. The two are around 25 kilometers (16 mi) apart.

The Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan served as a meeting place of unicameral congress of the First Philippine Republic.

After the Americans defeated the First Republic, the US-instituted Philippine Legislature convened at the Ayuntamiento in Intramuros, Manila from 1907 until 1926, when it transferred to the Legislative Building just outside Intramuros. In the Legislative Building, the Senate occupied the upper floors while the House of Representatives used the lower floors.

With the Legislative Building destroyed during the Battle of Manila of 1945, the Commonwealth Congress convened at the Old Japanese Schoolhouse in Sampaloc. Congress met at the school auditorium, with the Senate convening on evenings and the House of Representatives meeting every morning. The Senate subsequently moved to the Manila City Hall, with the House staying in the schoolhouse. The two chambers of Congress returned to the reconstructed Legislative Building, now the Congress Building in 1950. In 1973, when President Marcos ruled by decree, Congress was padlocked. Marcos built a new seat of a unicameral parliament in Quezon City, which would eventually be the Batasang Pambansa Complex. The parliament that will eventually be named as the Batasang Pambansa (National Legislature), first met at the Batasang Pambansa Complex in 1978.

With the overthrow of Marcos after the People Power Revolution, the bicameral Congress was restored. The House of Representatives inherited the Batasang Pambansa Complex, while the Senate returned to the Congress Building. In May 1997, the Senate moved to the newly constructed building owned by the GSIS on land reclaimed from Manila Bay in Pasay; the Congress Building was eventually transformed into the National Museum of Fine Arts. The Senate will eventually move into a new building that they would own in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig.

Powers

The powers of the Congress of the Philippines may be classified as:

General Legislative

It consists of the enactment of laws intended as a rule of conduct to govern the relation between individuals (i.e., civil laws, commercial laws, etc.) or between individuals and the state (i.e., criminal law, political law, etc.)^[4]

Implied Powers

It is essential to the effective exercise of other powers expressly granted to the assembly.

Inherent Powers

These are the powers which although not expressly given are nevertheless exercised by the Congress as they are necessary for its existence such as:

to determine the rules of proceedings;
to compel attendance of absent members to obtain quorum to do business;
to keep journal of its proceedings; etc.

Specific Legislative

It has reference to powers which the Constitution expressly and specifically directs to perform or execute.

Powers enjoyed by the Congress classifiable under this category are:

Power to appropriate;
Power to act as a constituent assembly (for drafting an amendment to the constitution upon a vote of three-fourths of all its members);
Power to impeach (the House of Representatives initiates all cases of impeachment, and successful cases are referred to the Senate for trial; officials convicted by the Senate are removed from office);
Power to confirm treaties (only the Senate is authorized to use this power);
Power to declare the existence of war (The Senate and the House of Representatives must convene in joint session to do this);
Power to concur amnesty;
Power to act as a board of canvassers for presidential/vice-presidential votes (by creating a joint congressional committee to do the canvassing);
Budgetary power;
Power to implement taxes.

Executive

Powers of the Congress that are executive in nature are:

Appointment of its officers;
Affirming treaties;
Confirming presidential appointees through the Commission on Appointments;
Removal power; etc.

Supervisory

The Congress of the Philippines exercises considerable control and supervision over the administrative branch - e.g.:

To decide the creation of a department/agency/office;
To define powers and duties of officers;
To appropriate funds for governmental operations;
To prescribe rules and procedure to be followed; etc.

Electoral

Considered as electoral power of the Congress of the Philippines are the Congress's power to:

Elect its presiding officer/s and other officers of the House;
Act as board of canvassers for the canvass of presidential/vice-presidential votes; and
Elect the President in case of any electoral tie to the said post.

Judicial

Constitutionally, each house has judicial powers:

To punish its Members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, suspend or expel a Member
To concur and approve amnesty declared by the President of the Philippines;
To initiate, prosecute and thereafter decide cases of impeachment; and
To decide electoral protests of its members through the respective Electoral Tribunal.

Miscellaneous

The other powers of Congress mandated by the Constitution are as follows:

To authorize the Commission on Audit to audit fund and property;
To authorize the President of the Philippines to fix tariff rates, quotas, and dues;
To authorize the President of the Philippines to formulate rules and regulations in times of emergency;
To reapportion legislative districts based on established constitutional standards;
To implement laws on autonomy;
To establish a national language commission;
To implement free public secondary education;
To allow small scale utilization of natural resources;
To specify the limits of forest lands and national parks;
To determine the ownership and extent of ancestral domain; and
To establish independent economic and planning agency.

Lawmaking

Preparation of the bill

The Member or the Bill Drafting Division of the Reference and Research Bureau prepares and drafts the bill upon the Member's request.

First reading
1. The bill is filed with the Bills and Index Service and the same is numbered and reproduced.
2. Three days after its filing, the same is included in the Order of Business for First Reading.
3. On First Reading, the Secretary General reads the title and number of the bill. The Speaker refers the bill to the appropriate Committee/s.
Committee consideration / action
1. The Committee where the bill was referred to evaluates it to determine the necessity of conducting public hearings.
- If the Committee finds it necessary to conduct public hearings, it schedules the time thereof, issues public notices and invites resource persons from the public and private sectors, the academe, and experts on the proposed legislation.
- If the Committee determines that public hearing is not needed, it schedules the bill for Committee discussion/s.
1. Based on the result of the public hearings or Committee discussions, the Committee may introduce amendments, consolidate bills on the same subject matter, or propose a substitute bill. It then prepares the corresponding committee report.
2. The Committee approves the Committee Report and formally transmits the same to the Plenary Affairs Bureau.
Second reading
1. The Committee Report is registered and numbered by the Bills and Index Service. It is included in the Order of Business and referred to the Committee on Rules.
2. The Committee on Rules schedules the bill for consideration on Second Reading.
3. On Second Reading, the Secretary General reads the number, title and text of the bill and the following takes place:
- Period of Sponsorship and Debate
- Period of Amendments
- Voting, which may be by
viva voce

count by tellers

division of the House

nominal voting
Third reading
1. The amendments, if any, are engrossed and printed copies of the bill are reproduced for Third Reading.
2. The engrossed bill is included in the Calendar of Bills for Third Reading and copies of the same are distributed to all the Members three days before its Third Reading.
3. On Third Reading, the Secretary General reads only the number and title of the bill.
4. A roll call or nominal voting is called and a Member, if he desires, is given three minutes to explain his vote. No amendment on the bill is allowed at this stage.
- The bill is approved by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Members present.
- If the bill is disapproved, the same is transmitted to the Archives.
Transmittal of the approved bill to the Senate
The approved bill is transmitted to the Senate for its concurrence.
Senate action on approved bill of the House
The bill undergoes the same legislative process in the Senate.
Conference committee
1. A Conference Committee is constituted and is composed of Members from each House of Congress to settle, reconcile or thresh out differences or disagreements on any provision of the bill.
2. The conferees are not limited to reconciling the differences in the bill but may introduce new provisions germane to the subject matter or may report out an entirely new bill on the subject.
3. The Conference Committee prepares a report to be signed by all the conferees and the chairman.
4. The Conference Committee Report is submitted for consideration/approval of both Houses. No amendment is allowed.
Transmittal of the bill to the President
Copies of the bill, signed by the Senate President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and certified by both the Secretary of the Senate and the Secretary General of the House, are transmitted to the President.
Presidential action on the bill
If the bill is approved by the President, it is assigned an RA number and transmitted to the House where it originated.
Action on approved bill
The bill is reproduced and copies are sent to the Official Gazette Office for publication and distribution to the implementing agencies. It is then included in the annual compilation of Acts and Resolutions.
Action on vetoed bill
The message is included in the Order of Business. If the Congress decides to override the veto, the House and the Senate shall proceed separately to reconsider the bill or the vetoed items of the bill. If the bill or its vetoed items is passed by a vote of two-thirds of the Members of each House, such bill or items shall become a law.

Composition

In the diagrams below, Congress is divided into blocs, with the colors referring to the political party of the person leading that bloc. The blocs are determined by the votes of the members in speakership or Senate presidential elections.

The Senate is composed of the winners of the 2019 and 2022 Senate elections. The House of Representatives is composed of the winners of the 2022 House of Representatives elections. In both chambers, the majority bloc is composed of members generally supportive of the incumbent presidency of Bongbong Marcos, while the minority blocs are those opposed. In the House of Representatives, there is an independent minority bloc, and 4 vacant seats.

In both chambers, membership in committees is determined by the size of the bloc; only members of the majority and minority blocs are given committee memberships. In the Philippines, political parties are liquid, and it is not uncommon for party-mates to find themselves in different blocs.

Leadership

Each chamber is headed by a presiding officer, both elected from their respective membership; in the Senate, it is the Senate President, while in the House of Representatives, it is the Speaker. The Senate also has a Senate president pro tempore, and the House of Representatives has deputy speakers. Each chamber has its own floor leaders.

Voting requirements

The vote requirements in the Congress of the Philippines are as follows:

Requirement	Senate	House of Representatives	Joint session	All members
One-fifth	Request of recording of yeas and nays on any question		N/A	N/A
One-third	N/A	Pass articles of impeachment	N/A	N/A
Majority (50% +1 member)	Election of the Senate President	Election of the Speaker	Revocation of martial law Revocation of the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus	Submit to the electorate the question of calling a constitutional convention Grant a tax exemption Concurrence of a grant of amnesty
Majority (50% +1 member)	Passage of laws Election of the president in case of a tie vote. Confirmation of an appointment of the president to a vice president
Two-thirds	Suspend or expel a member Designation of the vice president as acting president Override a presidential veto		Declaration of a state of war (voting separately)	Call a constitutional convention
Two-thirds	Conviction of impeached officials Concurrence on a treaty	N/A	Declaration of a state of war (voting separately)	Call a constitutional convention
Three-fourths	N/A	N/A	N/A	Passage of amendments to, or revision of the constitution

In most cases, such as the approval of bills, only a majority of members present is needed; on some cases such as the election of presiding officers, a majority of all members, including vacant seats, is needed.

Sessions

A new session of Congress starts after every House of Representatives election. Under the 1935 Constitution as amended in 1940, mid-term elections for the Senate caused its membership to be changed mid-session. From 1945 to 1972, there were two Commonwealth congresses and seven congresses of the Republic, with the 2nd Commonwealth Congress becoming the 1st Congress of the Republic. Under the 1973 Constitution, the Batasang Pambansa was the legislature, with it having two elections. Under the 1987 constitution, each Senate election was synchronized with the House elections, with the first congress under that constitution being counted as the "8th Congress", picking up from the last congress of the 1935 Constitution.

Per historical era

In operation	Authority	Government	Legislature	Type	Upper house	Lower house
1898–99	Malolos Constitution	First Philippine Republic controlled areas	Malolos Congress	Unicameral	Malolos Congress
1898–99	War powers authority of the President of the United States	United States Military Government controlled areas	Martial law; military governor ruled by decree
1900–1902	Malolos Constitution	First Philippine Republic controlled areas	Malolos Congress	Unicameral	Malolos Congress
1900–1902	Appointment by the President of the United States	United States Military Government controlled areas	Taft Commission	Unicameral	Philippine Commission
1902–1907	Philippine Organic Act	Insular Government of the Philippine Islands	Philippine Commission	Unicameral	Philippine Commission
1907–1916	Philippine Organic Act		Philippine Legislature	Bicameral	Philippine Commission	Philippine Assembly
1916–1935	Philippine Autonomy Act		Philippine Legislature	Bicameral	Senate	House of Representatives
1935–1941	1935 Constitution	Commonwealth of the Philippines	National Assembly	Unicameral	National Assembly
1942–43	War powers authority of the Emperor of Japan	Empire of Japan	Martial law; governor-general ruled by decree
1943–44	1943 Constitution	Second Philippine Republic	National Assembly	Unicameral	National Assembly
1945–46	Amendments to the 1935 Constitution	Commonwealth of the Philippines	Congress (Commonwealth)	Bicameral	Senate	House of Representatives
1946–1973	Amendments to the 1935 Constitution	Third Republic of the Philippines	Congress	Bicameral	Senate	House of Representatives
1973–1976	1973 Constitution	Philippines under Martial Law	Martial law; president ruled by decree
1976–1978 (never convened)	1973 Constitution	Philippines under Martial Law	Batasang Bayan	Unicameral	National Assembly
1978–1986	Amendments to the 1973 Constitution	Fourth Republic of the Philippines	Batasang Pambansa	Unicameral	Batasang Pambansa
1986–1987	Amendments to the 1973 Constitution	Provisional Government	President ruled by decree
1987–present	1987 Constitution	Fifth Republic of the Philippines	Congress	Bicameral	Senate	House of Representatives

List of Congresses


Election	Congress	Senate election results		House of Representatives elections results
Pre-1941	See Philippine Legislature and National Assembly of the Philippines
1941	1st Commonwealth Congress		24 Nacionalista		95 Nacionalista 3 independent
1946	2nd Commonwealth Congress		9 Nacionalista (Liberal wing) 6 Nacionalista 1 Popular Front		49 Nacionalista (Liberal wing) 35 Nacionalista 6 Democratic Alliance 3 others
1946	1st Congress
1947	1st Congress		6 Liberal 2 Nacionalista
1949	2nd Congress		8 Liberal		60 Liberal 33 Nacionalista 7 others
1951	2nd Congress		8 Nacionalista		60 Liberal 33 Nacionalista 7 others
1953	3rd Congress		5 Nacionalista 2 Democratic 1 Citizens'		59 Nacionalista 31 Liberal 11 Democratic 1 independent
1955	3rd Congress		9 Nacionalista		59 Nacionalista 31 Liberal 11 Democratic 1 independent
1957	4th Congress		6 Nacionalista 2 Liberal		82 Nacionalista 19 Liberal 1 NCP
1959	4th Congress		5 Nacionalista 2 Liberal 1 NCP		82 Nacionalista 19 Liberal 1 NCP
1961	5th Congress		4 Liberal 2 Nacionalista 2 Progressive		74 Nacionalista 29 Liberal 1 independent
1963	5th Congress		4 Liberal 4 Nacionalista		74 Nacionalista 29 Liberal 1 independent
1965	6th Congress		5 Nacionalista 2 Liberal 1 NCP		61 Liberal 38 Nacionalista 5 others
1967	6th Congress		6 Nacionalista 1 Liberal 1 independent		61 Liberal 38 Nacionalista 5 others
1969	7th Congress		6 Nacionalista 2 Liberal		88 Nacionalista 18 Liberal 4 others
1971	7th Congress		5 Liberal 3 Nacionalista		88 Nacionalista 18 Liberal 4 others
1978, 1984	See Batasang Pambansa
1987	8th Congress	22 Majority–1 Minority	22 LABAN 2 GAD		43 PDP–Laban 24 Lakas ng Bansa 19 UNIDO 16 Liberal 11 KBL 55 coalitions 32 others 14 appointed sectoral seats
1992	9th Congress	23 Majority–1 Minority	16 LDP 5 NPC 2 Lakas 1 Liberal		86 LDP 41 Lakas 30 NPC 11 LP-PDP 32 others 16 appointed sectoral seats
1995	10th Congress	22 Majority–1 Minority	4 Lakas 4 LDP 1 Nacionalista 1 NPC 1 PRP 1 independent	160 Majority–22 Minority	157 pro-administration coalition 26 opposition coalition 12 hybrid coalitions 9 others 16 appointed sectoral seats
1998	11th Congress	22 Majority–1 Minority	5 Lakas 4 LDP 1 NPC 1 PMP 1 PDP–Laban		111 Lakas 55 LAMMP 15 Liberal 25 others 14 party-lists
2001	12th Congress	13 Majority–11 Minority	3 Lakas 2 LDP 1 Liberal 1 PDP–Laban 6 independent	185 Majority–17 Minority	79 Lakas 42 NPC 21 LDP 19 Liberal 48 others 16 party-lists
2004	13th Congress	13 Majority–10 Minority	5 KNP 4 Lakas 2 Liberal 1 PRP	193 Majority–28 Minority	92 Lakas 53 NPC 29 Liberal 15 LDP 20 others 28 party-lists
2007	14th Congress	15 Majority–7 Minority	2 Liberal 2 Nacionalista 2 NPC 2 UNO 1 KAMPI 1 LDP 1 PDP–Laban 1 independent	193 Majority–1 Minority	89 Lakas 44 KAMPI 28 NPC 23 Liberal 11 Nacionalista 23 others 53 party-lists
2010	15th Congress	17 Majority–3 Minority	3 Liberal 2 Lakas–Kampi 2 Nacionalista 2 PMP 1 NPC 1 PRP 1 independent	227 Majority–29 Minority	106 Lakas–Kampi 47 Liberal 29 NPC 25 Nacionalista 22 others 57 party-lists
2013	16th Congress	17 Majority–6 Minority	3 Nacionalista 3 UNA 1 LDP 1 Liberal 1 NPC 1 PDP–Laban	244 Majority–35 Minority	109 Liberal 42 NPC 24 NUP 18 Nacionalista 14 Lakas 27 others 59 party-lists
2016	17th Congress	20 Majority–3 Minority	5 Liberal 2 NPC 1 Akbayan 1 UNA 3 independent	252 Majority–36 Minority	115 Liberal 42 NPC 24 Nacionalista 23 NUP 11 UNA 23 others 59 party-lists
2019	18th Congress	20 Majority–4 Minority	4 PDP–Laban 3 Nacionalista 1 Lakas 1 LDP 1 NPC 1 UNA 1 independent	266 Majority–28 Minority	82 PDP–Laban 42 Nacionalista 37 NPC 23 NUP 18 Liberal 12 Lakas 27 others 61 party-lists
2022	19th Congress	20 Maj–2 Min–2 Ind	4 NPC 1 PDP-Laban 1 Nacionalista 1 Akbayan 1 PMP 4 independent	282 Majority–5 others	66 PDP–Laban 36 Nacionalista 35 NPC 33 NUP 26 Lakas 10 Liberal 47 others 62 party-lists

Latest elections

Senate

In the Philippines, the most common way to illustrate the result in a Senate election is via a tally of candidates in descending order of votes. The twelve candidates with the highest number of votes are elected.


Candidate		Party or alliance		Votes	%
	Robin Padilla	Tuloy ang Pagbabago^[c]	PDP–Laban	26,612,434	47.91
	Loren Legarda	Lacson–Sotto slate^[c]^[d]^[e]	Nationalist People's Coalition	24,264,969	43.68
	Raffy Tulfo	Independent^[d]^[f]		23,396,954	42.12
	Win Gatchalian	UniTeam	Nationalist People's Coalition	20,602,655	37.09
	Francis Escudero	Lacson–Sotto slate^[d]^[g]	Nationalist People's Coalition	20,271,458	36.49
	Mark Villar	UniTeam^[e]	Nacionalista Party	19,475,592	35.06
	Alan Peter Cayetano	Independent		19,295,314	34.74
	Migz Zubiri	UniTeam^[e]	Independent	18,734,336	33.73
	Joel Villanueva	Independent^[d]^[f]^[g]		18,486,034	33.28
	JV Ejercito	Lacson–Sotto slate^[d]^[h]	Nationalist People's Coalition	15,841,858	28.52
	Risa Hontiveros	Team Robredo–Pangilinan^[i]	Akbayan	15,420,807	27.76
	Jinggoy Estrada	UniTeam^[e]	Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino	15,108,625	27.20
	Jejomar Binay	United Nationalist Alliance^[d]^[f]^[g]		13,263,970	23.88
	Herbert Bautista	UniTeam	Nationalist People's Coalition	13,104,710	23.59
	Gilbert Teodoro	UniTeam^[e]	People's Reform Party	12,788,479	23.02
	Guillermo Eleazar	Lacson–Sotto slate	Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma	11,305,322	20.35
	Harry Roque	UniTeam^[e]	People's Reform Party	11,246,206	20.25
	Gregorio Honasan	Independent^[c]^[f]		10,643,491	19.16
	Chel Diokno	Team Robredo–Pangilinan^[i]	Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino	9,978,444	17.96
	Larry Gadon	UniTeam	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	9,691,607	17.45
	Antonio Trillanes	Team Robredo–Pangilinan	Liberal Party	8,630,272	15.54
	Dick Gordon	Bagumbayan–VNP^[d]^[f]^[g]		8,377,893	15.08
	Leila de Lima	Team Robredo–Pangilinan^[i]	Liberal Party	7,278,602	13.10
	Neri Colmenares	Makabayan^[d]^[i]		6,098,782	10.98
	Alex Lacson	Team Robredo–Pangilinan	Ang Kapatiran	5,477,088	9.86
	Salvador Panelo	Tuloy ang Pagbabago	PDP–Laban	4,887,066	8.80
	Francis Leo Marcos	Independent		4,538,857	8.17
	Teddy Baguilat	Team Robredo–Pangilinan^[i]	Liberal Party	4,275,873	7.70
	Monsour del Rosario	Lacson–Sotto slate	Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma	3,810,096	6.86
	Carl Balita	Aksyon Demokratiko		3,730,164	6.71
	Rodante Marcoleta^[j]	Tuloy ang Pagbabago^[c]	PDP–Laban	3,591,899	6.47
	Emmanuel Piñol	Lacson–Sotto slate	Nationalist People's Coalition	3,544,283	6.38
	Minguita Padilla	Lacson–Sotto slate	Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma	3,541,038	6.37
	Luke Espiritu	Laban ng Masa	Partido Lakas ng Masa	3,470,550	6.25
	Astra Pimentel-Naik	Tuloy ang Pagbabago	PDP–Laban	2,975,908	5.36
	Sonny Matula	Team Robredo–Pangilinan^[i]	Independent	2,692,565	4.85
	Greco Belgica	Tuloy ang Pagbabago	Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan	2,349,040	4.23
	Jopet Sison	Aksyon Demokratiko		2,218,095	3.99
	Samira Gutoc	Aksyon Demokratiko^[i]		1,834,705	3.30
	Carmen Zubiaga	Independent		1,763,898	3.18
	Silvestre Bello Jr.	PDP–Laban		1,738,387	3.13
	Elmer Labog	Makabayan^[d]^[i]		1,578,385	2.84
	Rey Langit	Tuloy ang Pagbabago	PDP–Laban	1,364,548	2.46
	Melchor Chavez	Labor Party Philippines		953,241	1.72
	Abner Afuang	Independent		901,196	1.62
	Roy Cabonegro	Laban ng Masa	Partido Lakas ng Masa	880,919	1.59
	Ibrahim Albani	Labor Party Philippines		792,117	1.43
	Lutgardo Barbo	MP3 Alliance	PDP–Laban	749,472	1.35
	John Castriciones	Tuloy ang Pagbabago^[h]	PDP–Laban	712,852	1.28
	David d'Angelo	Laban ng Masa	Partido Lakas ng Masa	693,932	1.25
	Agnes Bailen	Independent		670,678	1.21
	Nur-Mahal Kiram	Independent		585,337	1.05
	Nur-Ana Sahidulla	Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan		572,645	1.03
	Leo Olarte	Bigkis Pinoy Movement		567,649	1.02
	Ariel Lim	Independent		560,660	1.01
	Fernando Diaz	Partido Pilipino sa Pagbabago		557,522	1.00
	Jesus Arranza	Independent		526,705	0.95
	Willie Ricablanca Jr.	Partido Maharlika		490,712	0.88
	RJ Javellana	Independent		471,999	0.85
	Marieta Mindalano-Adam	Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi		446,295	0.80
	Ernie Ereño	Partido Maharlika		408,366	0.74
	Baldomero Falcone	Democratic Party of the Philippines		396,527	0.71
	Emily Mallillin	Partido Pederal ng Maharlika		390,134	0.70
	Rey Valeros	Independent		353,730	0.64
Total				431,983,947	100.00

Total votes				55,549,791	–
Registered voters/turnout				66,839,976	83.11
Source: COMELEC

^
- Bukidnon Paglaum (2)
- Padayon Pilipino (1)
- HNP (1)
- AZAP (1)
- BUP (1)
- Navoteño (1)
- UBP (1)
^ The URL of the website of the House of Representatives is, for example, www.congress.gov.ph.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Guest candidate of the UniTeam
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Guest candidate of the MP3 Alliance
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Guest candidate of Tuloy ang Pagbabago
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Guest candidate of the Lacson–Sotto slate
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Guest candidate of Team Robredo–Pangilinan
^ ^a ^b Guest candidate of Aksyon Demokratiko
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Guest candidate of Laban ng Masa
^ Withdrew but remained on the ballot

House of Representatives

A voter has two votes in the House of Representatives: one vote for a representative elected in the voter's congressional district (first-past-the-post), and one vote for a party in the party-list system (closed list), the so-called party-list representatives; party-list representatives shall comprise not more than 20% of the House of Representatives.

To determine the winning parties in the party-list election, a party must surpass the 2% election threshold of the national vote; usually, the party with the largest number of votes wins the maximum three seats, the rest two seats. If the number of seats of the parties that surpassed the 2% threshold is less than 20% of the total seats, the parties that won less than 2% of the vote gets one seat each until the 20% requirement is met.

District elections



Party		Votes	%	+/–	Seats	+/–
	PDP–Laban	10,950,696	22.77	−8.45	66	−16
	Nacionalista Party	6,610,876	13.75	−2.35	36	−6
	National Unity Party	6,087,288	12.66	+3.15	33	+8
	Nationalist People's Coalition	5,637,211	11.72	−2.59	35	−2
	Lakas–CMD	4,432,113	9.22	+4.11	26	+14
	Liberal Party	1,823,426	3.79	−1.94	10	−8
	Hugpong ng Pagbabago	1,223,815	2.54	+0.93	6	+3
	People's Reform Party	942,719	1.96	+1.62	3	+2
	Aksyon Demokratiko	868,668	1.81	+0.83	0	0
	Partido Pilipino sa Pagbabago	503,827	1.05	New	0	0
	Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma	478,031	0.99	New	2	New
	Partido Federal ng Pilipinas	458,038	0.95	−1.43	2	−3
	Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan	426,451	0.89	+0.25	2	New
	National Unity Party/One Cebu	423,818	0.88	New	2	New
	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	373,988	0.78	+0.16	1	−1
	Bukidnon Paglaum	336,266	0.70	−0.13	2	0
	Unang Sigaw ng Nueva Ecija	313,521	0.65	+0.35	0	0
	United Bangsamoro Justice Party	292,110	0.61	New	0	0
	PROMDI	288,049	0.60	New	0	0
	National Unity Party/United Negros Alliance	254,355	0.53	New	2	New
	Padayon Pilipino	245,206	0.51	+0.27	2	New
	Aksyon Demokratiko/Asenso Manileño	240,559	0.50	New	3	New
	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	213,950	0.44	+0.36	0	0
	People's Champ Movement	204,076	0.42	New	1	New
	Nacionalista Party/Bileg Ti Ilokano	201,418	0.42	New	1	New
	National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño	165,577	0.34	New	2	New
	Sulong Zambales Party	144,060	0.30	New	1	New
	Mindoro bago Sarili	142,095	0.30	New	1	New
	Basilan Unity Party	137,976	0.29	New	1	New
	Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines	128,134	0.27	+0.07	1	0
	United Benguet Party	123,801	0.26	New	1	New
	Partido Pederal ng Maharlika	104,588	0.22	New	0	0
	Bigkis Pinoy Movement	94,571	0.20	New	0	0
	Nationalist People's Coalition/Asenso Manileño	90,075	0.19	New	1	New
	Partido Navoteño	79,505	0.17	−0.03	1	0
	Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas	78,029	0.16	+0.02	0	0
	Lakas–CMD/United Negros Alliance	76,115	0.16	New	0	New
	Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod	73,796	0.15	−0.34	0	−1
	Adelante Zamboanga Party	73,785	0.15	+0.08	1	New
	Samahang Kaagapay ng Agilang Pilipino	73,346	0.15	New	0	0
	Partidong Pagbabago ng Palawan	71,986	0.15	−0.31	0	−2
	Reform Party	70,116	0.15	New	0	0
	United Nationalist Alliance	68,572	0.14	−0.43	1	New
	Partido Prosperidad y Amor para na Zamboanga	67,133	0.14	New	0	0
	Lingkod ng Mamamayan ng Valenzuela City	50,599	0.11	New	0	0
	Labor Party Philippines	50,150	0.10	+0.08	0	0
	Achievers with Integrity Movement	48,462	0.10	New	0	0
	PDP–Laban/Partido Siquijodnon	33,989	0.07	New	1	New
	Ummah Party	29,043	0.06	New	0	0
	Ang Kapatiran	17,484	0.04	New	0	0
	Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino	10,642	0.02	−0.96	0	−1
	Partido Lakas ng Masa	5,223	0.01	New	0	0
	Philippine Green Republican Party	4,856	0.01	+0.01	0	0
	Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino	4,370	0.01	−0.28	0	0
	Katipunan ng Kamalayang Kayumanggi	2,295	0.00	New	0	0
	Bagumbayan–VNP	1,607	0.00	−0.08	0	0
	Independent	2,137,093	4.44	−0.53	6	+4
Party-list seats					63	+2
Total		48,089,548	100.00	–	316	+12

Valid votes		48,089,548	86.98	+0.64
Invalid/blank votes		7,201,273	13.02	−0.64
Total votes		55,290,821	100.00	–
Registered voters/turnout		65,745,526	84.10	+8.20
Source: COMELEC (Results per individual province/city, election day turnout, absentee turnout

Party-list election


Party		Votes	%	+/–	Seats	+/–
	ACT-CIS Partylist	2,111,091	5.74	−3.77	3	0
	1-Rider Partylist	1,001,243	2.72	New	2	New
	Tingog Party List	886,959	2.41	+1.01	2	+1
	4Ps Party-list	848,237	2.30	New	2	New
	Ako Bicol	816,445	2.22	−1.54	2	0
	SAGIP Partylist	780,456	2.12	+1.20	2	+1
	Ang Probinsyano Party-list	714,634	1.94	−0.82	1	−1
	Uswag Ilonggo	689,607	1.87	New	1	New
	Tutok To Win Party-List	685,578	1.86	New	1	New
	Citizens' Battle Against Corruption	637,044	1.73	−1.60	1	−1
	Senior Citizens Partylist	614,671	1.67	−0.18	1	0
	Duterte Youth	602,196	1.64	+0.37	1	0
	Agimat Partylist	586,909	1.59	New	1	New
	Kabataan	536,690	1.46	+0.76	1	0
	ANGAT Parry List	530,485	1.44	New	1	New
	Marino Party List	530,382	1.44	−1.00	1	−1
	Ako Bisaya	512,795	1.39	−0.02	1	0
	Probinsyano Ako	471,904	1.28	−0.98	1	−1
	LPG Marketers Association	453,895	1.23	+0.48	1	0
	Abante Pangasinan-Ilokano Party	451,372	1.23	New	1	New
	Gabriela Women's Party	423,891	1.15	−0.46	1	0
	Construction Workers Solidarity	412,333	1.12	+0.12	1	0
	AGRI Partylist	393,987	1.07	+0.59	1	+1
	P3PWD	391,174	1.06	New	1	New
	Ako Ilocano Ako	387,086	1.05	New	1	New
	Kusug Tausug	385,770	1.05	+0.23	1	0
	An Waray^[a]	385,460	1.05	−0.54	0	0
	Kalinga Partylist	374,308	1.02	−0.20	1	0
	AGAP Partylist	367,533	1.00	+0.25	1	0
	Coop-NATCCO	346,341	0.94	−0.56	1	0
	Malasakit at Bayanihan Foundation	345,199	0.94	New	1	New
	Barangay Health Wellness Partylist	335,598	0.91	−0.06	1	0
	Galing sa Puso Party	333,817	0.91	+0.02	1	0
	Bagong Henerasyon	330,937	0.90	−0.14	1	0
	Alliance of Concerned Teachers	330,529	0.90	−0.52	1	0
	TGP Partylist	327,912	0.89	+0.11	1	0
	Bicol Saro	325,371	0.88	New	1	New
	United Senior Citizens Koalition ng Pilipinas^[b]	320,627	0.87	New	1	New
	DUMPER Partylist	314,618	0.85	+0.05	1	0
	Pinuno Partylist	299,990	0.82	New	1	New
	Abang Lingkod	296,800	0.81	−0.18	1	0
	PBA Partylist	294,619	0.80	−0.37	1	0
	One Filipinos Worldwide Coalition Partylist	293,301	0.80	New	1	New
	Abono Partylist	288,752	0.78	−0.58	1	0
	Anakalusugan	281,512	0.76	−0.09	1	0
	Kabalikat ng Mamamayan	280,066	0.76	+0.05	1	0
	Magsasaka Partylist	276,889	0.75	−1.03	1	0
	1-Pacman Party List	273,195	0.74	−1.82	1	−1
	APEC Partylist	271,380	0.74	−0.98	1	0
	Pusong Pinoy	262,044	0.71	New	1	New
	Trade Union Congress Party	260,779	0.71	−0.21	1	0
	Patrol Partylist	252,571	0.69	−0.09	1	0
	Manila Teacher's Savings and Loan Association	249,525	0.68	−0.21	1	0
	AAMBIS-Owa Party List	246,053	0.67	−0.17	1	0
	Philreca Party-List	243,487	0.66	−0.76	1	0
	Alona Party List	238,704	0.65	−0.50	1	0
	Akbayan^[c]	236,226	0.64	+0.02	1	+1
	Democratic Independent Workers Association	234,996	0.64	−0.06	0	−1
	Asenso Pinoy	232,229	0.63	New	0	0
	Mindanao Indigenous Conference for Peace and Development^[d]	230,315	0.63	New	0	0
	Ang Pamilya Muna	225,041	0.61	New	0	0
	A Teacher Partylist	221,327	0.60	−0.38	0	−1
	Bayan Muna	219,848	0.60	−3.41	0	−3
	1st Consumers Alliance for Rural Energy	218,215	0.59	+0.13	0	0
	You Against Corruption and Poverty	214,694	0.58	−0.02	0	0
	Kasama Regional Political Party	213,539	0.58	New	0	0
	Ako Bisdak - Bisayang Dako	204,111	0.55	+0.37	0	0
	Abante Sambayanan^[d]	201,961	0.55	New	0	0
	Alliance of Public Transport Organization	183,869	0.50	New	0	0
	Nagkakaisang Pilipino para sa Pag-Angat ng Maralitang Manileño	174,452	0.47	New	0	0
	Towards Development and Action	174,396	0.47	New	0	0
	Advocates and Keepers Organization of OFWs	169,177	0.46	New	0	0
	Philippine National Police Retirees Association	160,418	0.44	+0.15	0	0
	Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Industriya ng Live Events	158,245	0.43	New	0	0
	Pamilyang Magsasaka	158,034	0.43	New	0	0
	Philippine Educators Alliance for Community Empowerment	157,617	0.43	0.00	0	0
	Bayaning Tsuper	157,278	0.43	New	0	0
	Acts Overseas Filipino Workers Coalition of Organizations	155,072	0.42	−0.05	0	0
	Pinagbuklod na Filipino para sa Bayan	151,502	0.41	+0.34	0	0
	Tulungan Tayo	147,050	0.40	New	0	0
	Filipino Rights Protection Advocates of Manila Movement	144,969	0.39	New	0	0
	Bahay para sa Pamilyang Pilipino	142,676	0.39	−0.62	0	−1
	Trabaho Partylist	138,973	0.38	New	0	0
	Anak Mindanao	134,647	0.37	−0.39	0	−1
	Ako Padayon Pilipino Party List	132,222	0.36	−0.48	0	−1
	CANCER Partylist	128,284	0.35	New	0	0
	Kalipunan ng Maralita at Malayang Mamamayan	126,393	0.34	New	0	0
	Magdalo Party-List	119,189	0.32	−0.59	0	−1
	PDP Cares Foundation	117,139	0.32	New	0	0
	RECOBADA Partylist	117,126	0.32	−0.82	0	−1
	Act as One Philippines	116,173	0.32	New	0	0
	Kooperatiba-Kapisanan ng Magsasaka ng Pilipinas	114,587	0.31	+0.13	0	0
	Walang Iwanan sa Free Internet Inc.	113,971	0.31	New	0	0
	Bisaya Gyud Party-List	113,388	0.31	New	0	0
	Hugpong Federal Movement of the Philippines	112,654	0.31	New	0	0
	Moro Ako - Ok Party-List	110,171	0.30	New	0	0
	Angkla: ang Partido ng mga Pilipinong Marino	109,343	0.30	−0.35	0	0
	Ang National Coalition of Indigenous People Action Na!	108,807	0.30	New	0	0
	Passengers and Riders Organization	108,647	0.30	New	0	0
	Ang Kabuhayan Partylist	108,535	0.29	+0.02	0	0
	Ang Tinig ng Seniors Citizens sa Filipinas, Inc.^[d]	104,957	0.29	New	0	0
	Lungsod Aasenso	103,149	0.28	New	0	0
	Buhay Party-List	103,077	0.28	−1.02	0	−1
	Una ang Edukasyon	102,687	0.28	−0.15	0	0
	Igorot Warriors International, Inc.^[d]	95,217	0.26	New	0	0
	OFW Family Club	93,059	0.25	−0.47	0	−1
	Health, Education, Livelihood Program of the Philippines	93,007	0.25	New	0	0
	Wow Pilipinas Movement	90,698	0.25	−0.37	0	0
	Kapamilya ng Manggagawang Pilipino	89,695	0.24	New	0	0
	Ating Agapay Sentrong Samahan ng mga Obrero	88,611	0.24	−0.03	0	0
	Friends of the Poor and Jobless Party-List^[d]	88,564	0.24	New	0	0
	Butil Farmers Party	87,305	0.24	−0.35	0	0
	Abante Pilipinas	87,211	0.24	−0.11	0	0
	Subanen Party-List	86,533	0.24	New	0	0
	Turismo Isulong Mo	86,119	0.23	New	0	0
	Abe Kapampangan	85,226	0.23	−0.07	0	0
	Barkadahan para sa Bansa	83,860	0.23	New	0	0
	Anakpawis	81,436	0.22	−0.31	0	0
	Ugyon Mangunguma, Mangingisda kag Mamumugon nga Ilonggo^[d]	73,454	0.20	New	0	0
	Ang Kabuhayang Kayang Kaya	72,547	0.20	New	0	0
	National Association of Electricity Consumers for Reforms	71,822	0.20	−0.09	0	0
	Rebolusyonaryong Alyansang Makabansa	69,740	0.19	−0.66	0	−1
	Ayuda sa May Kapansanan^[d]	66,457	0.18	New	0	0
	Ang Bumbero ng Pilipinas	65,929	0.18	New	0	0
	Kilusang Maypagasa	65,133	0.18	−0.10	0	0
	Mothers for Change	64,785	0.18	New	0	0
	One Coop	64,627	0.18	New	0	0
	Ang Komadrona	64,087	0.17	New	0	0
	Samahan ng Totoong Larong may Puso Foundation	60,384	0.16	New	0	0
	Malabung Workers Party	59,499	0.16	New	0	0
	Ang Laban ng Indiginong Filipino	58,658	0.16	−0.09	0	0
	Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran	57,692	0.16	New	0	0
	Bunyog Pagkakaisa	57,030	0.15	New	0	0
	Computer Literacy, Innovation Connectivity and Knowledge	55,842	0.15	New	0	0
	KAPUSO PM	53,635	0.15	New	0	0
	HOME OWNER Partylist	53,560	0.15	New	0	0
	Kilos Mamamayan Ngayon Na	52,205	0.14	New	0	0
	United Frontliners of the Philippines	50,849	0.14	New	0	0
	Alsa Bisaya	47,415	0.13	New	0	0
	Bangon Philippine Outsourcing	47,382	0.13	New	0	0
	Lingkud Bayanihan Party^[d]	43,896	0.12	New	0	0
	Maharlikang Pilipino Party	43,260	0.12	New	0	0
	ARTE Partylist	42,086	0.11	New	0	0
	Ipatupad for Workers Inc.	41,797	0.11	New	0	0
	Kabalikat ng Hustisiya ng Nagkakaisang Manileno	39,344	0.11	+0.01	0	0
	Babae Ako para sa Bayan	39,254	0.11	New	0	0
	Damayan Partylist	36,394	0.10	New	0	0
	Partido Cocoman	35,583	0.10	New	0	0
	Aktibong Kaagapay ng mga Manggagawa	34,338	0.09	New	0	0
	Ako Breeder Party-List^[d]	32,630	0.09	New	0	0
	Ako Musikero Association	28,297	0.08	New	0	0
	Philippine Society for Industrial Security	27,851	0.08	New	0	0
	Ang Koalisyon ng Indigenous People	27,583	0.07	New	0	0
	Aksyon Magsasaka-Partido Tinig ng Masa	27,364	0.07	−0.62	0	0
	Mindoro Sandugo para sa Kaunlaran	26,800	0.07	New	0	0
	Samahang Ilaw at Bisig	25,871	0.07	New	0	0
	One Unified Transport Alliance of the Philippines Bicol Region	23,021	0.06	−0.02	0	0
	Alagaan ang Sambayanang Pilipino	22,543	0.06	New	0	0
	Parents Teachers Alliance	22,319	0.06	−0.04	0	0
	APAT-DAPAT Partylist^[d]	20,949	0.06	New	0	0
	Arts Business and Science Professionals	20,149	0.05	−0.06	0	0
	Alliance for Resilience, Sustainability and Empowerment^[d]	20,131	0.05	New	0	0
	Maagap Partylist	19,645	0.05	New	0	0
	Solid Movement Towards Comprehensive Change	18,954	0.05	New	0	0
	Noble Advancement of Marvelous People of the Philippines Inc.	18,172	0.05	+0.01	0	0
	Alternatiba ng Masa	18,048	0.05	New	0	0
	Partido Lakas ng Masa	17,783	0.05	−0.05	0	0
	Pilipino Society and Development Advocates Commuter-Consumer	17,406	0.05	New	0	0
	United Filipino Consumers and Commuters	16,733	0.05	New	0	0
	Aksyon Tungo sa Asenso at Pagsulong ng Pilipino	16,116	0.04	New	0	0
	People's Volunteer Against Illegal Drugs	14,330	0.04	New	0	0
	National Firemen's Confederation of the Philippines	11,692	0.03	New	0	0
	Laban ng Isang Bayan Para sa Reporma at Oportunidad^[d]	11,067	0.03	New	0	0
	1 Tahanan	10,383	0.03	New	0	0
	Pilipinas para sa Pinoy	8,774	0.02	−0.03	0	0
	Aangat Kusinerong Pinoy	8,261	0.02	New	0	0
	Kusog Bikolandia	7,840	0.02	New	0	0
Total		36,802,064	100.00	–	63	+2

Valid votes		36,802,064	65.68	+6.72
Invalid/blank votes		19,226,791	34.32	−6.72
Total votes		56,028,855	100.00	–
Registered voters/turnout		67,523,697	82.98	+8.67
Source: COMELEC

^ The COMELEC cancelled An Waray's certificate of registration in August 2023, after it had allowed its nominee Victoria Isabel Noel assume a seat in the House of Representatives starting in 2016 without proper authority.^[8] The House of Representatives then dropped from the rolls Bem Noel in September 2023, removing him from office.^[9] The Supreme Court affirmed the COMELEC's decision in September 2024.^[10]
^ United Senior Citizens is entitled to a seat in Congress based on the results. However, as of May 25th, they have not been proclaimed as they have a pending case in the COMELEC regarding their accreditation.^[11] United Senior Citizens was later proclaimed as a winning party, with its nominee being sworn in in November 2022.^[12]
^ Akbayan was later proclaimed as a winning party, with its nominee set to be sworn in by September 2024, after the Supreme Court affirmed the COMELEC's decision to cancel the registration of An Waray in September 2024.^[13]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l This partylist was rejected by COMELEC from joining the 2022 elections, but has secured a Temporary Restraining Order from the Supreme Court. Because of this, they have been included in the ballot and their votes are counted for calculation purposes.^[14]

Notes

References

^ Villaruel, Jauhn Etienne (May 20, 2024). "Escudero takes Senate helm after Zubiri resignation". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
^ Panti, Llanesca T. "House elects Romualdez as speaker". GMA News. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Article VI: THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT". Philippines Official Gazette. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "The Legislative Branch". Philippines Official Gazette. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
^ Bueza, Michael (June 24, 2021). "LIST: New congressional districts in the 2022 elections". Rappler. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
^ "The City Council of Manila". Manila Standard. June 24, 2002. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Elizalde, María Dolores (September 2013). "The Philippines at the Cortes de Cádiz". Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints. 61 (3): 331–361. doi:10.1353/phs.2013.0014. hdl:10261/165907. S2CID 145232653.
^ Sarao, Zacarian (August 14, 2023). "Comelec affirms cancellation of An Waray party-list registration". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
^ Leon, Dwight de (September 27, 2023). "House unseats An Waray lawmaker Bem Noel after losing election case". RAPPLER. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
^ Galvez, Daphne. "SC affirms cancellation of An Waray party-list registration". Philstar.com. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
^ Fernandez, Daniza (May 26, 2022). "Comelec proclaims winning party-list groups". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
^ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (November 7, 2022). "United Senior Citizens party-list rep takes oath after winning fight for accreditation". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
^ De Leon, Dwight (September 25, 2024). "Akbayan back in the House after Comelec formalizes 2022 election win". Rappler. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
^ "More rejected party-list groups get SC relief before printing of ballots". Rappler. January 7, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.

Sources

Ramirez, Efren V. and Lee, Jr., German G., The New Philippine Constitution. Cebu City: 1987: pp. 142–173.
Article VI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
How a Bill becomes a Law
Legislative History
Your Legislature

External links

[3] 
Bukidnon Paglaum (2)

Padayon Pilipino (1)

HNP (1)

AZAP (1)

BUP (1)

Navoteño (1)

UBP (1)

[2] Bukidnon Paglaum (2)

[3] Padayon Pilipino (1)

[4] HNP (1)

[5] AZAP (1)

[6] BUP (1)

[7] Navoteño (1)

[8] UBP (1)

[5] The URL of the website of the House of Representatives is, for example, www.congress.gov.ph.

[UTAguest-10] Guest candidate of the UniTeam

[MP3guest-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Guest candidate of the MP3 Alliance

[TAPguest-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Guest candidate of Tuloy ang Pagbabago

[LSSguest-13] Guest candidate of the Lacson–Sotto slate

[TRPguest-14] Guest candidate of Team Robredo–Pangilinan

[ADguest-15] Guest candidate of Aksyon Demokratiko

[LNMguest-16] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Guest candidate of Laban ng Masa

[17] Withdrew but remained on the ballot

[Anwaray-21] The COMELEC cancelled An Waray's certificate of registration in August 2023, after it had allowed its nominee Victoria Isabel Noel assume a seat in the House of Representatives starting in 2016 without proper authority.^[8] The House of Representatives then dropped from the rolls Bem Noel in September 2023, removing him from office.^[9] The Supreme Court affirmed the COMELEC's decision in September 2024.^[10]

[USC-24] United Senior Citizens is entitled to a seat in Congress based on the results. However, as of May 25th, they have not been proclaimed as they have a pending case in the COMELEC regarding their accreditation.^[11] United Senior Citizens was later proclaimed as a winning party, with its nominee being sworn in in November 2022.^[12]

[Akbayan-26] Akbayan was later proclaimed as a winning party, with its nominee set to be sworn in by September 2024, after the Supreme Court affirmed the COMELEC's decision to cancel the registration of An Waray in September 2024.^[13]

[TRO-28] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l This partylist was rejected by COMELEC from joining the 2022 elections, but has secured a Temporary Restraining Order from the Supreme Court. Because of this, they have been included in the ballot and their votes are counted for calculation purposes.^[14]

[1] Villaruel, Jauhn Etienne (May 20, 2024). "Escudero takes Senate helm after Zubiri resignation". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved May 25, 2024.

[2] Panti, Llanesca T. "House elects Romualdez as speaker". GMA News. Retrieved July 27, 2022.

[auto-4] "Article VI: THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT". Philippines Official Gazette. Retrieved May 31, 2013.

[auto1-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "The Legislative Branch". Philippines Official Gazette. Archived from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2013.

[7] Bueza, Michael (June 24, 2021). "LIST: New congressional districts in the 2022 elections". Rappler. Retrieved December 19, 2023.

[history-8] "The City Council of Manila". Manila Standard. June 24, 2002. Retrieved December 13, 2012.

[:0-9] Elizalde, María Dolores (September 2013). "The Philippines at the Cortes de Cádiz". Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints. 61 (3): 331–361. doi:10.1353/phs.2013.0014. hdl:10261/165907. S2CID 145232653.

[18] Sarao, Zacarian (August 14, 2023). "Comelec affirms cancellation of An Waray party-list registration". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved September 17, 2024.

[19] Leon, Dwight de (September 27, 2023). "House unseats An Waray lawmaker Bem Noel after losing election case". RAPPLER. Retrieved September 17, 2024.

[20] Galvez, Daphne. "SC affirms cancellation of An Waray party-list registration". Philstar.com. Retrieved September 17, 2024.

[22] Fernandez, Daniza (May 26, 2022). "Comelec proclaims winning party-list groups". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved May 26, 2022.

[23] Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (November 7, 2022). "United Senior Citizens party-list rep takes oath after winning fight for accreditation". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

[25] De Leon, Dwight (September 25, 2024). "Akbayan back in the House after Comelec formalizes 2022 election win". Rappler. Retrieved September 25, 2024.

[27] "More rejected party-list groups get SC relief before printing of ballots". Rappler. January 7, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.

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