National Congress of Chile

National Congress of Chile

Congreso Nacional de Chile
National Congress of Chile ; Congreso Nacional de Chile
LVI legislative period
	Coat of arms of Chile
Type
Type	Bicameral
Houses	Senate; Chamber of Deputies
History
Founded	July 4, 1811 ; (First National Congress)
Leadership
President of the Senate	José García Ruminot
President of the Chamber of Deputies	Karol Cariola
Structure
Seats	Total: 205 ; 50 senators; 155 deputies
Senate political groups	Government: 22 Government Alliance (19); PS (7) PPD (6) PCCh (2) FREVS (2) RD (1) Independent (1) External support (3); PDC (3) Opposition: 27: Chile Vamos (23); RN (11) UDI (9) EVOPOLI (3) External (4); PLR (2) Democrats (2) Others: 1 Independent (1) ;
Chamber of Deputies political groups	Government: 68 Government Alliance (62):; PS (13) PCCh (11) CS (10) PPD (9) RD (6) PL (5) Commons (4) PR (3) AH (2) FREVS (1) Independent1 (1) Outside the coalition (6):; PDC (5) PH (5) Opposition: 79 Chile Vamos (49); UDI (23) RN (22) EVÓPOLI (4) Outside the coalition (30); PLR (12) PSC (7) Democratas (6) PDG (3) AxCh (1) Independent (1) Others: 2 Independents (2) ;
Length of term	Senators: eight-years term with the option to go for re-election one time; ; Deputies: four-years term, may go for re-election two times;
Meeting place
	Edificio del Congreso Nacional; Valparaíso; Chile
Website
	Cámara de Diputados (in Spanish); Senado (in Spanish)

The National Congress of Chile^[1] (Spanish: Congreso Nacional de Chile) is the legislative branch of the Republic of Chile. According to the current Constitution (Chilean Constitution of 1980), it is a bicameral organ made up of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate. Established by law No. 18678,^[2] the city of Valparaíso is its official headquarters.

Chile's congress is the oldest operational in Latin America and one of the oldest in Ibero-America. The First Chilean National Congress was founded on July 4, 1811, to decide the best kind of government for the Kingdom of Chile during the captivity of King Ferdinand VII in the hands of Napoleon.

The Chamber of Deputies is constituted by 155 members called deputies or diputados in Spanish and they are elected for a four-years period. Re-election is possible for a maximum of two times, which means that the deputy may remain in the post for up to 12 years.^[3] The country has 60 electoral districts and each one is represented by two deputies.

The Senate is formed by 50 senators elected for an eight-years period and may go for re-election one time, which means a senator can remain in the role for 16 years.^[3] The electoral division is different from the deputies, it is made of 19 senatorial constituencies (Spanish: circunscripción senatorial), where two senators are elected per constituency.

The Congress's powers, duties and processes are defined in articles 42 to 59 of the current constitution of 1980 and through the Constitutional Organic Law No. 18918^[4] published in 1990.

The current electoral system (or voting system) in Chile is proportional and inclusive according to the 2015 update of the organic law No. 18700, article 179 bis.^[5]

The National Congress was closed without an immediate renewal of the members of its two chambers during three periods: 1924-1925, June-October 1932 and 1973-1989.

A new four-years legislative period begins with the installation of the National Congress. The LVI legislative period of the Chilean Congress began on March 11, 2022 and will end in 2026.

History

Patria Vieja

Patria Nueva

Dictatorship 1973-1990

On 13 September 1973, the Government Junta of Chile dissolved Congress.^[6]

During the last years of the Pinochet regime, the current building of Congress was built in the port city of Valparaíso, some 140 km west of the country's capital, Santiago. This new building replaced the Former National Congress Building, located in downtown Santiago.

Transition to Democracy

Between 1989 and 2013, elections in Chile were carried out following a binomial voting system, which was prescribed in 1980 during the Military dictatorship of Chile.

The binomial system was considered by most analysts as the main constitutional lock that prevented completion of the Chilean transition to democracy.

References

^ Cabrera-Tapia, Roberto (2021). "The Chilean Congress: Bicameralism in a Presidential System" (PDF). PSA Parliaments specialist group.
^ Nacional, Biblioteca del Congreso. "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional | Ley Chile". www.bcn.cl/leychile (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-04-02.
^ ^a ^b Congreso Nacional de Chile, Biblioteca (2014-11-27). "Limits to the re-election of deputies and senators". Portal de la Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-04-02.
^ Nacional, Biblioteca del Congreso. "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional | Ley Chile". www.bcn.cl/leychile (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-04-02.
^ Biblioteca, Congreso Nacional de Chile. "Organic law about popular vote". www.bcn.cl/leychile (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-04-02.
^ "Junta general names himself as new President of Chile". The Guardian. 14 September 1973. Retrieved 31 October 2018.