Eskilstuna

Eskilstuna
Eskilstuna
	Aerial photo of Eskilstuna in 2004
	Eskilstuna Eskilstuna
	Coordinates: 59°22′15″N 16°30′35″E / 59.37083°N 16.50972°E
Country	Sweden
Province	Södermanland
County	Södermanland County
Municipality	Eskilstuna Municipality
Founded	1659
Area
• Total	31.05 km2 (11.99 sq mi)
Elevation	26 m (85 ft)
Population (2020)
• Total	69 948
• Density	2,083/km2 (5,390/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	630 03 to 638 21
Area code	(+46) 16
Website	Official website

Eskilstuna (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɛ̂sːkɪlsˌtʉːna] ^ⓘ) is a city and the seat of Eskilstuna Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden. The city of Eskilstuna had 69,948 inhabitants in 2020, with a total population of 107,806 inhabitants in Eskilstuna municipality 2023.^[1] Eskilstuna has a large Sweden Finn population.^[2] The town is located on the River Eskilstunaån, which connects Lake Hjälmaren and Lake Mälaren.

History

Eskilstuna's history dates back to medieval times when English monk Saint Eskil made "Tuna" his base and diocese of the South coast of Lake Mälaren. Saint Eskil was stoned to death by the pagan vikings of neighbouring town Strängnäs, 30 kilometres (19 miles) east of Eskilstuna, when he tried to convert them to Christianity. Saint Eskil was buried in his monastery church in Tuna.

The monastery of Saint Eskil was completely destroyed by Swedish king Gustav Vasa during the Protestant Reformation and was replaced with the royal castle of Eskilstuna House.

Later the pagan city of Strängnäs was Christianised and was given the privilege of becoming diocese of South Lake Mälaren, and "Eskil" was combined with "Tuna", although the town of Eskilstuna did not receive municipal privileges due to its proximity to the medieval city of Torshälla. The city's first city privileges were granted in 1659, and its boundaries included Tunafors and the newly founded town of Karl Gustavs Stad ("City of Karl Gustav"), located on the west side of the river.

Karl Gustavs Stad was built around the iron forges of master smith Reinhold Rademacher, encouraged by King Karl X Gustav. The first products of the forges were small arms and artillery. It was a free town from 1771, where manufacturers and craftsmen were allowed to establish tax-free workshops and factories. The town was merged with the rest of Eskilstuna in 1879.

The city grew enormously during the Industrial Revolution and became one of the most important industrial cities of Sweden, earning the nickname "Stålstaden" ("The City of Steel"). Aside from firearms, the city also produced superior carpentry and wood carving chisels, cutlery, scissors, keys, machine tools and precision instruments. As a tribute to the steel industry, the figure of a steel worker is included in the city's coat of arms. Eskilstuna is sometimes called The Sheffield of Sweden. Both cities at their peak were home to numerous steel production companies.

Economy

Eskilstuna remains an important industrial city with internationally known companies such as Volvo Wheel loaders, main site for the heavy construction equipment division of Volvo, Assa (locks, keys), and Stainless steel manufacturer Outokumpu, Thin Strip Nyby in Torshälla.

Mälardalen University (Mälardalens högskola), founded in cooperation with the neighboring city of Västerås, has a campus in the city. The city also has a combined zoo and amusement park - Parken Zoo.

The hospital, Mälarsjukhuset is one of the largest in the region, employing around 3000 people.

Starting in 2012 the town has been pivoting towards a green economy, including biogas-powered public transit and cogeneration plants, seven-colored recycling bins (compared to the standard Swedish five), and a recycling center with an attached second-hand mall.^[3]

Climate

Eskilstuna has a climate transitioning between continental and maritime with vast seasonal differences for a Southern Swedish climate. Unlike the coastal part of the Sörmlandic region, Eskilstuna has higher diurnal temperature variation and stronger waves of either heat or cold. With regards to daytime maximum and minimum temperatures, the weather station has been operated since 1961 with a total of three breaks of 2-3 years apiece in between 1984 and 2008.

Climate data for Eskilstuna (2002–2022 averages; extremes since 1961)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	10.5 (50.9)	12.2 (54.0)	15.6 (60.1)	26.1 (79.0)	29.0 (84.2)	32.0 (89.6)	36.2 (97.2)	35.1 (95.2)	29.0 (84.2)	21.5 (70.7)	16.9 (62.4)	11.3 (52.3)	36.2 (97.2)
Mean maximum °C (°F)	6.9 (44.4)	7.5 (45.5)	13.2 (55.8)	19.2 (66.6)	24.8 (76.6)	27.9 (82.2)	30.2 (86.4)	28.3 (82.9)	22.8 (73.0)	16.1 (61.0)	11.7 (53.1)	7.4 (45.3)	30.7 (87.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	0.2 (32.4)	1.2 (34.2)	5.6 (42.1)	11.7 (53.1)	17.1 (62.8)	21.3 (70.3)	23.7 (74.7)	22.2 (72.0)	17.1 (62.8)	10.3 (50.5)	5.4 (41.7)	1.7 (35.1)	11.5 (52.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−2.8 (27.0)	−2.3 (27.9)	1.3 (34.3)	5.8 (42.4)	11.0 (51.8)	15.2 (59.4)	17.7 (63.9)	16.6 (61.9)	12.1 (53.8)	6.6 (43.9)	2.8 (37.0)	−1.2 (29.8)	6.9 (44.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−5.7 (21.7)	−5.5 (22.1)	−3.1 (26.4)	−0.2 (31.6)	4.8 (40.6)	9.1 (48.4)	11.6 (52.9)	10.6 (51.1)	7.1 (44.8)	2.8 (37.0)	0.2 (32.4)	−4.0 (24.8)	2.3 (36.2)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	−19.0 (−2.2)	−16.9 (1.6)	−12.6 (9.3)	−7.3 (18.9)	−3.2 (26.2)	2.3 (36.1)	5.4 (41.7)	3.4 (38.1)	−1.1 (30.0)	−5.7 (21.7)	−9.2 (15.4)	−16.2 (2.8)	−21.7 (−7.1)
Record low °C (°F)	−29.5 (−21.1)	−32.2 (−26.0)	−23.8 (−10.8)	−11.7 (10.9)	−7.2 (19.0)	−1.7 (28.9)	2.9 (37.2)	0.7 (33.3)	−6.2 (20.8)	−11.6 (11.1)	−21.1 (−6.0)	−32.2 (−26.0)	−32.2 (−26.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	40.2 (1.58)	31.9 (1.26)	23.7 (0.93)	27.2 (1.07)	44.7 (1.76)	64.2 (2.53)	62.3 (2.45)	73.5 (2.89)	40.4 (1.59)	56.9 (2.24)	48.0 (1.89)	43.9 (1.73)	556.9 (21.92)
Source 1: SMHI Open Data^[4]
Source 2: SMHI Open Data^[5]

Demography

Demographics
	1800	1850	1900	1950	2000	2010^[6]
Inhabitants^[7]	1 341	3 961	13 663	53 363	88 404	96 311

As of December 31, 2019, Eskilstuna Municipality has a population of 106,859 people, making it the 15th largest municipality in Sweden.^[8]

Sport

The handball club Eskilstuna Guif plays in the national top division. They have reached the Swedish Championship final four times (1997, 2001, 2009 and 2011), but lost on each occasion. Eskilstuna is also home to EFK (Eskilstuna Flygklubb), Sweden's largest glider Flying Club which hosted the World Gliding Championships in 2006.

Eskilstuna has had three men's football teams playing in the highest tier Allsvenskan; IFK Eskilstuna have played fourteen seasons in Allsvenskan, AFC Eskilstuna two seasons, and Eskilstuna City one season. The women's football team, Eskilstuna United DFF, play in the Elitettan, the second tier of women's football in Sweden, and spent nine seasons in the highest tier Damallsvenskan between 2014 and 2022. They finished as runners-up in 2015, making them qualify for the 2016–17 UEFA Women's Champions League.

The speedway team in Eskilstuna, Smederna, competes in the highest speedway league in Sweden, Elitserien and race its home matches at Smedstadion outside Eskilstuna. They formerly raced at the Snälltorpet track before it was sold for housing in 2001.^[9]

In eSports, Eskilstuna is home to CS:GO player Maikelele.

The stadium Tunavallen was a venue for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, hosting one match between Paraguay and Yugoslavia. It has also been used for several practice games for the Swedish National Youth Teams. Sports clubs using Tunavallen include AFC Eskilstuna, Eskilstuna United DFF, Eskilstuna City FK and IFK Eskilstuna. Eskilstuna Södra FF are based at Skogsängens IP and BK Sport is based at Ekängen.

Transport

Eskilstuna is served by the Mälartåg railway line between Stockholm and Arboga. via Strängnäs European route E20 passes the city. The city has an airport, 13 km (8 mi) east of the centre.

European Cooperation

Eskilstuna is a member city of Eurotowns network.^[10]

Notable people

Music

Athletes

Footballers

Other

Anna Nordqvist, professional golfer
Anna of Finland
Carl Victor Heljestrand
Fredrik Lindström
Yvonne Ryding, Miss Sweden 1984 and Miss Universe 1984
Susanne Aalto, radio astronomer

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km² 2005 och 2010" [Urban areas' land area, population and inhabitants per km² 2005 and 2010] (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
^ "Ruotsinsuomalaiset" [Swedish Finns]. Archived from the original on 2007-12-19. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
^ Kalia, Ammar (2019-06-18). "Eskilstuna: how a Swedish town became the world capital of recycling". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
^ "SMHI Open Data" (in Swedish). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute.
^ "Ladda ner meteorologiska observationer; SMHI" [Download meteorological observations; SMHI] (in Swedish). SMHI. 30 January 2023.
^ "Befolkning - Eskilstuna kommun" [Population - Eskilstuna municipality]. www.eskilstuna.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2020-03-11.
^ Johannesson, Gösta (1978). Från köpstad till storkommun [From market town to large municipality]. Stockholm: Natur & kultur. p. 141.
^ "Folkmängd, topp 50" [Population, top 50]. Statistiska Centralbyrån (in Swedish). Retrieved 2020-03-10.
^ "Vår historia". Smederna Speedway. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
^ "Eurotowns". eurotowns.org.