Needed to win: Majority of votes cast First ballot: 434 votes cast, 218 needed for a majority Fifteenth ballot: 428 votes cast, 215 needed for a majority
Republicans won a narrow majority of House seats over the Democratic Party in the 2022 elections. McCarthy won the nomination within the Republican conference but faced public opposition from far-right House Republicans before the vote.[8][9][10] The opposition consisted mainly of members of the Freedom Caucus.[11] With 19 Republicans voting for candidates other than McCarthy on the first ballot, no candidate achieved a majority and the election proceeded to additional ballots for the first time since 1923.[12] In the first round of voting, House Democratic Caucus leader Hakeem Jeffries of New York received 212 votes, McCarthy received 203 votes, and Andy Biggs of Arizona received 10 votes; other candidates who were not formally nominated received 9 votes.[13]
On the second through the fourteenth votes, McCarthy again failed to receive a majority of votes cast. Jeffries received the support of all Democrats present on each ballot.[14] Most or all of the Republican opposition voted for Jim Jordan of Ohio on the second and third rounds and Byron Donalds of Florida on the fourth through eleventh rounds.[15]Kevin Hern of Oklahoma and former president Donald Trump were also nominated and received votes in various rounds. On the fourth day of voting, January 6, many of the Republicans who opposed McCarthy began voting for him following negotiations between rounds. On the fifteenth and final ballot, the six remaining anti-McCarthy holdouts voted "present", which reduced the threshold of votes needed for a majority from 218 to 215, thus allowing McCarthy to be elected with 216 votes.[3]
Process and conventions
As the clerk of the House, Cheryl Johnson oversaw the 2023 election of a speaker as the acting presiding officer.
The speaker is the presiding officer of the U.S. House of Representatives. The House elects its speaker at the beginning of a new Congress (i.e. biennially, after Election Day) or when a speaker dies, resigns, or is removed from the position intra-term. Since 1839, the House has elected speakers by roll call vote.[16] Following a congressional election and the adjournment of the prior congress, there being no speaker, the House clerk summons, convenes, and calls the House to order. After prayer offered by the House chaplain, the clerk leads the representatives in the Pledge of Allegiance before ordering a roll call conducted by the reading clerk. The clerk and its officers then order and oversee the election of a speaker. During these processes, the clerk must "preserve order and decorum and decide all questions of order", which is subject to appeal to the body.[17]
Traditionally, each of the party caucuses and conferences selects a candidate for the speakership from among its senior leaders prior to the roll call. Representatives are not restricted to voting for the candidate nominated by their party but generally do, as the outcome of the election effectively determines which one is the majority party and consequently will organize the House.[18] Without a speaker, members-elect of the House cannot be sworn in.[a] The House is unable to conduct any business other than electing the speaker.[19][20] Because the rules of the House are adopted for each new Congress, the House will not have rules until the election is complete allowing the members to be sworn in and the House to adopt rules.[21]
Representatives that choose to vote for someone other than their party's nominated candidate usually vote for another member within the party or vote present, which entails abstention. Moreover, as the Constitution does not explicitly state that the speaker must be an incumbent member of the House, it is permissible for representatives to nominate and vote for someone who is not a member of the House at the time, and non-members have been nominated and received a few votes in various speaker elections over the past several years.[22] Nevertheless, every person elected speaker has been a member.[18] Upon winning election, the new speaker is immediately sworn in by the House dean, the chamber's longest-serving member.[23][24] The new speaker then administers the oath en masse to the rest of the members of the House.[25]
To be elected speaker, a candidate must receive a majority of the current votes cast, as opposed to a majority of the entire membership of the House—at the time 218 votes, in a House of 434 members, due to one vacancy caused by the death of Donald McEachin of Virginia.[26] There have only been a few instances during the past century where a person received a majority of the votes cast and thus won the election while failing to obtain a majority of the full membership. It had happened most recently in 2021, when Nancy Pelosi was elected with 216 votes (as opposed to 218). Such a variation in the number of votes necessary to win a given election might arise due to vacancies, absentees, or members being present but not voting. If no candidate wins a majority of the votes cast for a person by name, then the roll call is repeated until a speaker is elected.[18] The most recent multi-ballot election prior to the January 2023 contest occurred in December 1923, when a closely divided House needed nine ballots to elect Frederick H. Gillett speaker.[27]
Democratic nomination
Nancy Pelosi of California, the outgoing speaker, retired from the position and announced her support for Hakeem Jeffries of New York.
During the run-up to the 2019 speaker election, Nancy Pelosi, who had been the Democratic Caucus' leader and nominee in every speaker election since 2003,[28] struck a deal with several caucus members in which she promised that she would retire from the position of speaker after the 2022 congressional elections in exchange for those members' votes in that speakership election, which she saw as necessary in order for her to win a majority.[29] By early 2022, Congressman Hakeem Jeffries of New York was viewed as the top prospect to succeed Pelosi if she were to retire as the leader of the Democratic Caucus.[30] However, ahead of the 2022 election Pelosi refused to confirm whether she intended to honor her pledge to serve no further terms as leader.[31] On November 17, 2022, the same day that news outlets projected that Democrats had failed to defend their House majority in the midterm elections,[32] Pelosi delivered a speech on the House floor in which she announced that she would not run again for a leadership position.[33] The following day, Jeffries distributed a letter to House Democratic Caucus members declaring his intent to run to succeed Pelosi.[34] No opponent challenged Jeffries, and on November 30 the Democratic Caucus voted to make Jeffries its leader during the 118th Congress and its nominee for the speakership election.[35] Jeffries is the first black person ever nominated for House speaker.[36]
On November 15, 2022, in a secret ballot the House Republican Conference voted to retain Kevin McCarthy as its leader and nominee for the House speakership. However, McCarthy did not receive the votes of 218 members of the conference, the support needed to have a majority of all House members that would be in office at the start of the 118th Congress.[42]
As Republican Conference leader, McCarthy had been the Republican Conference's nominee for the speakership in both the 2019 and 2021 speaker elections in which Democratic majorities elected Nancy Pelosi as speaker.[43] However, McCarthy's first pursuit of the House speakership had been the October 2015 speaker election, which was held after John Boehner resigned under pressure from conservative hardliners and the Freedom Caucus,[10][44]Kevin McCarthy sought the Republican nomination and was initially judged as the party's preferred candidate.[45] After the House Freedom Caucus refused to vote for McCarthy in a floor vote for the speakership, it became evident that McCarthy had not secured the support of a congressional majority that would be needed to elect him speaker.[46][47] As a result, McCarthy withdrew from the race, and Paul Ryan was elected speaker.[48][49] Ryan did not seek reelection to the House during the 2018 elections. After the elections, in which Republicans lost their House majority to the Democrats, the Republican Conference elected McCarthy to serve as their leader in the next congress.[50][51] During the 116th Congress and 117th which followed, McCarthy was the House minority leader.
The House Republican Conference vote was held on November 15, 2022, and despite a challenge from Biggs, McCarthy won the majority of votes, becoming the Republican nominee for speaker of the House. As McCarthy won less than 218 votes, a majority of the seats in the House, the media started questioning his ability to be voted in as Speaker.[54][55][56]
The election for speaker began on January 3, 2023, at the start of the 118th Congress. At the time of the proceedings, there was one vacant seat, Virginia's 4th district.[26][57]
Andy Biggs of Arizona was nominated on the first ballot as part of the right-wing opposition to Kevin McCarthy of California.
In anticipation of right-wing opposition to McCarthy's election as speaker, Don Bacon of Nebraska threatened to form a coalition of moderate Republicans who would work with the Democrats to successfully install a speaker.[58] Several names were floated as a potential compromise candidate, the most prominent of which was Fred Upton, a moderate Republican who had been the representative for Michigan's 6th congressional district up to his retirement in the 2022 election cycle.[59] McCarthy and his supporters spent December and the first days of January negotiating with right-wing opponents of McCarthy to persuade them to support him on the floor. At a closed-door meeting shortly before the speaker vote on January 3, Mike Rogers of Alabama threatened dissident Republicans with removal from House committees.[60]
Prior to the vote, Politico reported that at least five Republican representatives had refused to support McCarthy, while another nine had not publicly commented on whether they would. As the Republican Party won a slim majority (222–212) and assuming Democratic members would not vote for him, McCarthy could only sustain as many as four Republican members voting for other candidates or nine Republican members either voting present or not voting at all, for McCarthy to be elected as speaker.[61][62]Bob Good of Virginia said that McCarthy "has not done anything to earn my vote", explaining that "[t]here's many times where we ... asked him to fight on various opportunities and various issues, and I have not seen the demonstrated fight that we're looking for."[63] The Club for Growth, a conservative political advocacy group, openly called for House Republicans to oppose his nomination.[64]
It was reported that these representatives demanded that McCarthy make concessions before they would support him, such as lowering the barriers for caucus members to force a vote to remove a sitting speaker and other procedural matters.[65]Chip Roy of Texas became a leader in the negotiation process for the holdouts to McCarthy's speakership nomination. The goals that Roy and a group of about 20 Republicans included to bring down the threshold for calling a vote of no confidence against the speaker to one member, more enforcement to allow more time to read bills, a greater role for the House Freedom Caucus in Republican leadership, requiring Republican leadership to refrain from being involved in primary elections,[66] and an end to U.S. aid to Ukraine.[67]
Candidates
The following individuals received at least one vote in the election for speaker or expressed interest in serving in the role.
On the first through the fourteenth votes, McCarthy failed to receive a majority of votes cast,[70] while Jeffries received the support of all Democrats present on each ballot.[71]Jim Jordan of Ohio received all votes of Republicans opposed to McCarthy on the second and third rounds.[72] Following three unsuccessful votes on January 3, the House adjourned until noon on January 4.[73] During the fourth vote, Roy nominated Byron Donalds of Florida, who replaced Jordan as the Republican alternative to McCarthy.[74] In the fourth ballot until the eleventh ballot, Victoria Spartz of Indiana voted present, lowering the necessary threshold to 217 votes.[75]
Following three more unsuccessful ballots on January 4, the House again adjourned until 8 pm the same day, then voted to adjourn again until noon on January 5.[76] The House reconvened on January 5, and from the seventh to the eleventh ballots no candidate achieved a majority of the vote, making this the longest speaker election since that of December 1859 – February 1860.[77] After initially voting to adjourn the proceedings until the following Monday, seconds before the voting to adjourn closed, McCarthy and his allies reversed their votes, which brought about a fifteenth ballot.[78] On this fifteenth and final ballot, McCarthy received 50.5% of the votes cast for a candidate by name, as all four members-elect who had voted for other candidates on the fourteenth ballot voted present instead. McCarthy was elected speaker, and the early morning of January 7 marked the end of one of the highest number of ballots needed to elect a House Speaker in U.S. history.[3][79][80]
In each round, Jeffries's received the unanimous vote of every present Democrat.[28] This marked the first speakership balloting since 2009 in which Democratic members voted unanimously for the House Democratic Caucuses' nominee.[81]
On the first ballot, Elise Stefanik of New York gave a nominating speech for McCarthy, Pete Aguilar of California nominated Jeffries, and Paul Gosar of Arizona nominated Andy Biggs.[73][82] In total, 19 Republicans voted for candidates other than McCarthy, while Jeffries received the most votes of any candidate with all Democrats present voting in his favor.[83] Since no nominee received an outright majority of the vote, a second ballot took place for the first time since the December 1923 U.S. speaker election.[26][84]
On the second ballot, Jordan nominated McCarthy, Aguilar again nominated Jeffries, and Matt Gaetz of Florida nominated Jordan. The same 19 Republicans voted against McCarthy, this time coalescing their votes around Jordan. No candidate received an outright majority of the vote.[72][85][86]
Jim Jordan of Ohio was nominated on the second and third ballots as anti-McCarthy Republicans coalesced their votes around him. He never voted for himself.
On the third ballot, Steve Scalise of Louisiana nominated McCarthy, Aguilar again nominated Jeffries, and Roy nominated Jordan. Jordan again voted for McCarthy, not for himself.[73]Byron Donalds of Florida, who had voted for McCarthy on the first two ballots, instead voted for Jordan, increasing Jordan's vote total to 20.[87] Donalds wrote on Twitter about his decision to change his vote, stating that "the reality is Rep. Kevin McCarthy doesn't have the votes."[72][88]
After the third ballot, Tom Cole of Oklahoma moved to adjourn the meeting until 12:00 p.m. on January 4, and the motion was approved by voice vote.[73][89]
January 2023 election for speaker (1st through 3rd ballots)
Ahead of the fourth ballot of voting on January 4, former president Donald Trump reaffirmed his support for McCarthy to be speaker of the House and urged all House Republicans to vote for him.[90]Kat Cammack of Florida described those who did not vote for McCarthy as "the radical 2 percent".[91][92]Ralph Norman of South Carolina, one of the Republicans opposed to McCarthy, stated that McCarthy would win over additional votes from the Republican holdouts by committing to shutting down the U.S. government over raising the United States debt ceiling.[93]
Victoria Spartz of Indiana voted present on the fourth through eleventh ballot, switching her vote from McCarthy.
After a quorum call, Wisconsin Republican Mike Gallagher nominated McCarthy, Aguilar again nominated Jeffries, and Roy nominated Byron Donalds.[75] Despite Trump's endorsement,[94] the 20 members who had voted for Jordan in the third ballot again opposed McCarthy, voting in this round for Donalds.[95]Victoria Spartz, who had voted for McCarthy on each previous ballot, voted present.[75] Spartz explained her vote of present as a message that more deliberations are needed.[96]
On the fifth ballot, Warren Davidson of Ohio nominated McCarthy, Aguilar again nominated Jeffries, and Lauren Boebert of Colorado nominated Donalds.[76] All members voted for the same candidates on the fifth ballot as they did on the fourth.[97]
On the sixth ballot, Cammack nominated McCarthy, Aguilar again nominated Jeffries, and Scott Perry of Pennsylvania nominated Donalds.[76] Prior to the ballot, Ken Buck of Colorado suggested to CNN that McCarthy should withdraw from consideration for Speaker if he could not reach a majority; he nonetheless voted again for McCarthy.[98] All members voted for the same candidates on the sixth ballot as they did on the fourth and fifth.[76]
Following the sixth ballot, Steve Scalise of Louisiana was seen as a possible alternative to McCarthy.
The House agreed to adjourn until 8:00 p.m. the same day by voice vote.[76] After reconvening at 8:00, the House agreed to adjourn again until 12:00 p.m. the next day, January 5,[99] by a vote of 216–214.[100] Of those who voted against adjournment, 210 were Democrats and four were Republicans: Biggs, Boebert, Gaetz, and Eli Crane of Arizona.[101] Following the sixth ballot, Politico reported that Donalds was unlikely to be the final choice of the anti-McCarthy Republicans, with the chair of the Republican Study Committee, Kevin Hern of Oklahoma, being floated as a potential candidate.[102]Pete Sessions of Texas also suggested that Republicans should begin to consider other speaker candidates,[103] with Scalise, the House Majority Leader-elect, being specifically named.[104]
Ahead of a seventh vote on the speakership, McCarthy offered several concessions, including allowing a single party member to motion for a vote to remove the speaker, appointing additional Freedom Caucus members to the House Rules Committee, and holding votes on bills concerning congressional term limits in the United States and border security.[105] At the same time, the Congressional Leadership Fund, a super PAC aligned with McCarthy, reached an agreement with the Club for Growth not to spend money in the primary election of Republicans in open districts that are considered safe seats for the party.[106]
January 2023 election for speaker (4th through 6th ballots)
Byron Donalds of Florida was among those Republicans who were not nominated but received at least a vote on the first ballot; he was officially nominated from the fourth ballot and received at least a vote until the eleventh ballot.
On the seventh ballot, John James of Michigan nominated McCarthy, Aguilar again nominated Jeffries, and Dan Bishop of North Carolina nominated Donalds. Gaetz, who had voted for Donalds on the fourth, fifth, and sixth ballots, instead voted for Trump. All other members voted for the same candidates as they did on the fourth, fifth, and sixth ballots.[107][108]
On the eighth ballot, Brian Mast of Florida nominated McCarthy, Katherine Clark of Massachusetts nominated Jeffries, and Biggs nominated Donalds. Boebert, as well as Josh Brecheen of Oklahoma, who had both previously supported Donalds, cast their votes for Hern, who was not formally nominated. All other members voted for the same candidates as they did on the seventh ballot.[109]
On the ninth ballot, Troy Nehls of Texas nominated McCarthy, Ted Lieu of California nominated Jeffries, Matt Rosendale of Montana nominated Donalds, and Boebert nominated Hern.[110] All members voted for the same candidates as they did on the eighth ballot, except Gaetz, who voted for Hern instead of Trump.[111] Buck, who had been a McCarthy supporter, was absent from the vote and subsequent votes due to travel for a planned non-emergency medical procedure in Colorado.[112]
On the tenth ballot, Juan Ciscomani of Arizona nominated McCarthy,[113] Aguilar again nominated Jeffries, Anna Paulina Luna of Florida nominated Donalds,[114] and Boebert again nominated Hern.[115] Donalds continued as the main Republican opposition to McCarthy,[116] while Hern was nominated for the ninth, tenth, and eleventh ballots, receiving as many as seven votes.[115]
On the eleventh ballot, French Hill of Arkansas nominated McCarthy,[117]Joe Neguse of Colorado nominated Jeffries, Gaetz nominated Trump,[118] and Good nominated Hern.[119] After the ballot, the House voted 219−213 to adjourn until 12:00 p.m. on January 6.[120]Tim Burchett of Tennessee joined all Democrats in voting against adjournment.[121] McCarthy continued to negotiate with the Republican hardliners with further concessions, including seats on influential committees (such as the Rules Committee) and lowering the threshold to a single House member for triggering a vote on whether to unseat the speaker.[6]
January 2023 election for speaker (7th through 11th ballots)
When the House reconvened on January 6,[c]Mike Garcia of California nominated McCarthy for the twelfth ballot. Jim Clyburn of South Carolina nominated Jeffries, Gaetz nominated Jordan, and Boebert again nominated Hern. On the twelfth ballot, 14 Republicans who had previously opposed McCarthy voted for him, while seven others voted for Jordan or Hern. Buck, David Trone of Maryland,[122] and Wesley Hunt of Texas were absent. Buck and Trone were absent due to scheduled medical procedures; Hunt returned to Texas because his wife was in a hospital following the premature birth of their son.[123] This ballot marked the first time McCarthy won a plurality of the votes, after receiving votes from 14 Republicans who had previously opposed his nomination; he nonetheless fell short of a majority.[124]
On the thirteenth ballot, James Comer of Kentucky nominated McCarthy and Veronica Escobar of Texas nominated Jeffries. For the first time, there were no other nominations. Andy Harris of Maryland voted for McCarthy for the first time on this ballot. This left only six Republicans who did not vote for McCarthy. Trone, who was absent on the previous ballot due to undergoing shoulder surgery that morning, returned to the House to continue voting for Jeffries.[125][126] Scalise then moved to adjourn until 10:00 p.m., in order to allow time for the two absent Republicans to return to Congress. The motion was adopted following a 220–212 vote split along party lines.[127]
When the House reconvened at 10 p.m., Patrick McHenry of North Carolina nominated McCarthy and Aguilar again nominated Jeffries on the fourteenth ballot. Boebert and Gaetz voted present, Buck and Hunt returned to vote for McCarthy, and four Republicans voted against McCarthy, with two votes for Biggs and two votes for Jordan. McCarthy, who was one vote short of becoming speaker, approached Boebert and Gaetz on the floor and attempted unsuccessfully to convince them to vote for him. As Rogers was arguing with Gaetz, he had to be physically restrained by Richard Hudson of North Carolina.[128] According to The New York Times, Gaetz was seeking a subcommittee chairmanship in the House Armed Services Committee, of which Rogers was in line to become chairman.[129]
After a confrontation between McCarthy and Gaetz, 1:28 into the video, Richard Hudson of North Carolina is seen restraining Mike Rogers of Alabama from leaning towards Gaetz.
The House then proceeded to vote on a motion to adjourn until 12 p.m. on January 9, with McHenry making the motion to adjourn. The plan was to give time to convince the four Republicans who continued to vote for someone other than McCarthy on the 14th ballot to switch their votes to present in order to lower the threshold needed to elect a speaker. It was determined that the plan would not be able to yield a winner if executed on January 9 because a couple of Republicans were unable to attend the session on that day due to family obligations. Marjorie Taylor Greene of Georgia then called Donald Trump on her cell phone, and passed the phone around to the members-elect who continued to refuse to vote for McCarthy. The remaining holdout Republicans eventually agreed to switch their votes, and as a result many Republicans, including McCarthy, scrambled to change their vote from supporting adjournment to opposing it in hopes of a successful fifteenth ballot to take place immediately.[130] As the vote to adjourn drew to a close, many members began to chant "One more time!"[131] Due to the Republicans' switch, the motion failed 155−279, and the House remained in session; 67 Republicans were counted in opposition of adjournment, joined by all Democrats.[132]
On the fifteenth ballot, Bruce Westerman of Arkansas nominated McCarthy and Dean Phillips of Minnesota nominated Jeffries. The final vote began at 11:50 p.m.,[133] and the threshold of 215 members present and voting needed for a majority (excluding those present and not voting) was reached at 12:29 a.m.[134] With a majority of votes cast, McCarthy was elected speaker at 12:37 a.m. after the results were read by the clerk.[135][136]
Following the election, Hal Rogers of Kentucky, the House dean, administered the oath of office to McCarthy as speaker, and McCarthy swore in all members of the House en masse. The House then agreed at 1:52 a.m. to adjourn until 5:00 p.m. on January 9 by voice vote, without any audible opposition.[137]
January 2023 election for speaker (12th through 15th ballots)
McCarthy holds the gavel following his election as Speaker of the House
Historical context
Thirteen of the fourteen prior U.S. speaker elections that took more than one ballot occurred before the American Civil War. The 68th Congress in 1923 was the last time it took more than one ballot to elect a speaker, and the 36th Congress in 1859 was the last time it took more than nine ballots to elect a speaker.[2] The record number is 133 ballots during the 34th Congress in 1855,[138][139] and this election had the fifth-highest number of ballots.[27] In 2023, the election results and its length causing instability were widely reported by media around the world.[140]
Moreover, the government of the District of Columbia was unable to enact any laws. Because the District of Columbia Home Rule Act specifies that laws passed by the district are subject to a congressional review period before becoming law, the district must hand-deliver physical copies of the laws to both the Senate's president pro tempore and the House's speaker. Therefore, with no speaker to receive the copies, the congressional review period could not begin.[144]
C-SPAN popularity
C-SPAN, an American non-governmental cable and satellite television network that televises proceedings of the House, was approved before the speaker election to operate its cameras with its own staff, free of the restrictions by government employees who usually provide its feed. This deviation from its typical broadcast style captured members huddled and reaction shots that viewers do not normally see.[145] C-SPAN aired extremely unlikely conversations between unaligned members, such as Gosar and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York,[146] and focused on George Santos of New York, a newly elected Republican member accused of lying about much of his biography.[147] The network saw increased popularity as it broadcast the election.[146]
On January 8, Chip Roy, one of the Republicans who held out on voting for McCarthy, stated that C-SPAN's increased independence was a good thing and that he may be open to it being permanent.[148] The restrictions traditionally placed upon C-SPAN went back into effect after the House established its rules. Matt Gaetz, another Republican holdout, introduced an amendment that would allow C-SPAN "to broadcast and record the floor proceedings of the House with not less than 4 cameras owned and operated by [them]".[149] C-SPAN also submitted a formal petition to McCarthy to give it more independence. Democrat Maxwell Frost of Florida also announced his support for C-SPAN's requests.[149]
^The Twentieth Amendment states that all members' terms begin at noon on January 3. Until officially sworn-in, members are referred to as members-elect.
^Zeldin, whose term as a House member had ended with the close of the 117th and previous Congress, was no longer an incumbent representative. He received one or more votes on this ballot without being formally nominated.
^ abcdThe January 6 legislative day extended slightly into the calendar day of January 7.
^ abcdBuck missed votes due to a previously scheduled medical procedure.
^ abcHunt missed votes to return home after his wife was readmitted to the hospital following the premature birth of their child earlier in the week.
^ abTrone missed a vote due to a previously scheduled medical procedure.
References
^Tomasky, Michael (January 3, 2023). "Get Ready for the Most Chaotic, Do-Nothingest Congress in Modern History". The New Republic. ISSN0028-6583. Archived from the original on January 7, 2023. Retrieved January 7, 2023. Today [January 3, 2023] marks the opening of the new session of the Congress of the United States of America, a ritual convening that goes all the way back to March 4, 1789, when the 26 senators and the 65 members of the House of Representatives who made up that 1st legislative session began our great democratic tradition, those 234 years ago.
^ abcHeitshusen, Valerie; Beth, Richard S. (January 4, 2019). "Speakers of the House: Elections, 1913–2019"(PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Archived(PDF) from the original on July 3, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
^"Fathers/Deans of the House". United States House of Representatives. November 9, 2016. Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
^"Oath of Office". US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives. January 3, 2013. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
^Hooks, Christopher (January 5, 2023). "Chip Roy, Bless His Heart". Texas Monthly. Archived from the original on January 8, 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
^ abcdeSangal, Aditi; Vogt, Adrienne; Hayes, Mike; Chowdhury, Maureen; Hammond, Elise (January 4, 2023). "GOP deadlocked over House speaker vote". CNN. Archived from the original on January 4, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
^"Final Vote for Roll Call 8". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. January 4, 2023. Archived from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
^Sangal, Aditi; Vogt, Adrienne; Hayes, Mike; Chowdhury, Maureen; Hammond, Elise (January 5, 2023). "GOP deadlocked over House speaker vote". CNN. Archived from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
^Gold, Michael (January 5, 2023). "House Speaker Vote: Updates". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2023. We'd heard chatter that there would be a motion to adjourn coming up, but French Hill of Arkansas just stood up to nominate Kevin McCarthy.
^Gold, Michael (January 5, 2023). "House Speaker Vote: Updates". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2023. It was Democrat Joe Neguse's turn to nominate Hakeem Jeffries, and he brought up the Jan. 6, 2021 attack by former President Donald Trump's supporters on the Capitol, a day before its anniversary. Matt Gaetz immediately followed and nominated Trump, lauding the former president's achievements.
^Gold, Michael (January 5, 2023). "House Speaker Vote: Updates". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved January 5, 2023. As we enter the 11th ballot, we're not done with speaker nominations yet. Bob Good of Virginia, after a long wind-up speech, is putting forward Kevin Hern as a candidate.
^Axelrod, Tal; Cathey, Libby; Hutzler, Alexandra; Siegel, Benjamin; Oppenheim, Oren (January 5, 2023). "House adjourns after 3 days of failed votes". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved January 6, 2023. House Republicans successfully, though narrowly, voted on Thursday night to adjourn until noon on Friday following another day of unsuccessfully trying to choose a speaker.
Burghardt, Peter (January 6, 2023). "USA: Kevin McCarthys Wahl wieder elf Mal gescheitert" [USA: Kevin McCarthy's election failed again eleven times]. Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
"Usa, McCarthy nuovo Speaker della Camera" [USA, McCarthy new Speaker of the Chamber]. Corriere della Sera (in Italian). January 7, 2023. Archived from the original on January 7, 2023. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
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Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi W (disambigua). W wlettera dell'alfabeto latinoW in caratteri senza e con grazie W in corsivo Alfabeto NATOWhiskey Codice Morse·–– Bandiera marittima Alfabeto semaforico Braille ⠺ La W o w (chiamata doppia vu, vu doppia, o anche doppia vi, vi doppia, doppio vu, vu doppio[1][2]) è la ventitreesima lettera dell'alfabeto latino moderno. Inoltre, [w] rappresenta una consonante approssimante labiovelare sonora nell'a…
Sidang RuSHAHari pertama dari Persidangan RuSHA, 20 Oktober 1947Dakwaan7 Juli 1947, NurembergDiputuskan10 Maret 1948 Sidang RuSHA (secara resmi, Amerika Serikat vs. Ulrich Greifelt, dkk.) adalah persidangan terhadap 14 pejabat SS yang dituduh melaksanakan kebijakan rasial Nazi. Ini merupakan persidangan kedelapan dari dua belas persidangan yang diselenggarakan di Nuremberg oleh otoritas Amerika Serikat untuk kejahatan perang Nazi setelah berakhirnya Perang Dunia II. Keduabelas persidangan ini se…
Olivia d'AboOlivia d'Abo pada Juli 2010LahirOlivia Jane d'Abo22 Januari 1969 (umur 55)London, InggrisPekerjaanPemeran, penyanyi, penulis laguTahun aktif1984–kiniSuami/istriPatrick Leonard (m. 2002; bercerai 2012)Anak1Orang tuaMike d'Abo (bapak)Situs webwww.oliviadabo.net Olivia Jane d'Abo (/ˈdɑːboʊ/; lahir 22 Januari 1969)[1] adalah seorang pemeran, penyanyi dan penulis lagu Inggris-Amerika. Ia dikenal atas perannya seba…
Roti lapis babi has dalamRoti lapis babi has dalam (ukuran besar)Nama lainPork tenderloin sandwichJenisRoti lapisTempat asalAmerika SerikatDaerahAmerika Serikat Barat TengahBahan utamapotongan daging balut tepung yang digoreng renyah (daging babi has)Sunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini Media: Roti lapis babi has dalam Roti lapis babi has dalam (bahasa Inggris: pork tenderloin sandwich) adalah hidangan roti lapis yang berisi potongan daging balut tepun…
Truc le CresteLa montagna vista dalla PietraborgaStato Italia Regione Piemonte Provincia Torino Altezza827 m s.l.m. Prominenza209 m CatenaAlpi Coordinate45°00′21.42″N 7°22′15.6″E / 45.005951°N 7.371001°E45.005951; 7.371001Coordinate: 45°00′21.42″N 7°22′15.6″E / 45.005951°N 7.371001°E45.005951; 7.371001 Mappa di localizzazioneTruc le Creste Dati SOIUSAGrande ParteAlpi Occidentali Grande SettoreAlpi Sud-occidentali Se…
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'omonimo film per la televisione del 1996, vedi Doctor Who (film). Doctor WhoIl logo della serie dal 2022Titolo originaleDoctor Who PaeseRegno Unito Anno1963-1989 (serie classica)1996 (film TV)2005 - 2022 (serie revival) 2023 - in produzione (nuova serie) Formatoserie TV Generefantascienza, avventura, fantastico, drammatico Stagioni26 (serie classica)1 film TV13 (nuova serie) Episodi697 (serie classica)172 (nuova serie) Durata25 min (1963-1984, 1…
Konrad Adenauer Kanselir JermanMasa jabatan15 September 1949 – 16 Oktober 1963PresidenTheodor Heuss (1949-1959)Heinrich Lübke (1959-1969)WakilFranz Blücher (1949-1957)Ludwig Erhard (1957-1963) PendahuluDia sendiriPendudukan militer Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (1945)PenggantiLudwig ErhardMenteri Luar Negeri JermanMasa jabatan15 Maret 1951 – 6 Juni 1955Kanselirdia sendiri PendahuluCount Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk (1945)PenggantiHeinrich von BrentanoWali kota CologneMasa j…
Il blocco delle attività amministrative negli Stati Uniti d'America (in lingua inglese chiamato government shutdown) è la particolare procedura del governo federale degli Stati Uniti d'America che coinvolge il settore esecutivo ogni qual volta il Congresso non riesce ad approvare la legge di bilancio, recante il rifinanziamento delle attività amministrative.[1] Indice 1 Storia 2 Descrizione 3 Gli effetti 4 Cronologia 5 Note 6 Voci correlate 7 Altri progetti Storia Il Lincoln Memorial,…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2023. ZaaDeeLahirI Gusti Agung Riyana Putra22 Juli 2001 (umur 22)Denpasar, IndonesiaKebangsaan IndonesiaPekerjaanRapper, Produser rekamanTahun aktif2020-sekarangSuami/istriLena I Gusti Agung Riyana Putra atau ZaaDee (lahir 22 Juli 2001) adalah r…
Derolus thesigeri Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Cerambycidae Genus: Derolus Spesies: Derolus thesigeri Derolus thesigeri adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Derolus, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia. Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kay…
Peta Nigeria yang menunjukkan negara bagian yang dianggap sebagai bagian dari kawasan Delta Niger. Delta Niger adalah delta Sungai Niger yang terletak di tepi Teluk Guinea di Samudra Atlantik.[1] Wilayah yang dianggap sebagai wilayah delta Niger terdiri dari sembilan negara bagian di Nigeria selatan, yaitu Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo, dan Rivers. Delta Niger merupakan kawasan yang sangat padat penduduknya dan kadang disebut Sungai Minyak karena pernah men…
This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: The Complete B'z – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2005 compilation album by B'zThe Complete B'zCompilation album by B'zReleasedAugust 1, 2005GenreHard rockLabelVermillion RecordsProducerTak MatsumotoB'z chronology The Ballad…
Find the AnswerSingel oleh Arashidari album 5x20 All the Best!! 1999-2019Dirilis21 Februari 2018 (2018-02-21)FormatCD singleDirekam2017LabelJ StormJACA-5717-5718 (First-run limited edition (CD+DVD))[1]JACA-5719 (Regular edition (CD))[1]Kronologi singel Arashi Doors ~Yuuki no Kiseki~ (2017) Find the Answer (2018) Natsu Hayate (2018) Find the Answer adalah single ke-54 boyband Jepang Arashi. Single ini dirilis pada tanggal 21 Februari 2018 di bawah label rekaman J Storm. Find …
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi X-Men (disambigua). X-MengruppoGli X-Men, disegnati da Daniel Acuña UniversoUniverso Marvel Lingua orig.Inglese AutoreStan Lee DisegniJack Kirby EditoreMarvel Comics 1ª app. inUncanny X-Men n. 1 (all'epoca della prima apparizione la testata si chiamava The X-Men) (settembre 1963) Editore it.Editoriale Corno 1ª app. it. inCapitan America n. 1 (24 aprile 1973) Caratteristiche immaginarieFormazioneGli X-Men sono divisi in …
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento archeologia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Area della civiltà della valle dell'Indo La civiltà della valle dell'Indo fu una civiltà antica, estesa geograficamente nel bacino del fiume Indo, oggi principalmente in Pakistan, ma anche lungo il Sarasvati, u…
Tetsuo Nakanishi 25 Mei 2013 di Naka-ku, YokohamaInformasi pribadiNama lengkap Tetsuo NakanishiTanggal lahir 8 September 1969 (umur 54)Tempat lahir Prefektur Aichi, JepangPosisi bermain BekKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1992-1996 Nagoya Grampus Eight 1997-2000 Kawasaki Frontale * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik Tetsuo Nakanishi (lahir 8 September 1969) adalah pemain sepak bola asal Jepang. Karier Tetsuo Nakanishi pernah bermain untuk Nagoya Grampus E…