List of massacres of Armenians

This is the list of massacres of ethnic Armenians.

List

Name	Date	Location	Perpetrators	Armenian victims
Armenian massacre by Amir Timur	1389-1390	Tataev, Armenia	Timurids	20,000-100,000
Hamidian massacres	1894–1896	Ottoman Empire	Ottoman government under Sultan Abdul Hamid II	88,243^[1]–300,000^[2]
Armenian–Tatar massacres	1905–1907	Baku, Baku Governorate, Elizavetpol Governorate, Erivan Governorate, and Tiflis Governorate of the Russian Empire	Azerbaijani mobs and irregulars	500^{[citation needed]}
Adana massacre	April 1909	Adana Vilayet and Aleppo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire	Muslim mobs	19,479^[3]–25,000^[4]
Armenian genocide	1915–1923	Ottoman Empire	Committee of Union and Progress government	800,000–1,500,000^[5]^[6]
September Days	September 1918	Baku, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (under Ottoman control at the time)	Army of Islam Azerbaijani mobs	10,000–30,000^[7]
Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan	July 1919 – July 1920	Ararat, Kars, Nakhichevan, Sharur, Surmalu	Azerbaijani-Turkish soldiers and locals	10,000^[8]
Agulis Massacre^[a]	December 24–25, 1919	Agulis, First Republic of Armenia	Azerbaijani-Turkish authorities and Azerbaijani mobs and refugees	1,400^[9]
Khaibalikend massacre	June 1919	Ghaibalishen, Krkjan Jamilli, and Pahlul villages of Karabakh Council	Azerbaijani Army	700^[10]
Shusha massacre	March 1920	Shusha, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic	Azerbaijani Army	500^[11]–20,000^[12]
Turkish–Armenian War	September–December 1920	First Republic of Armenia	Turkish Nationalist forces	60,000^[13]–198,000^[14]
Sumgait pogrom	February 1988	Sumgayit, Soviet Azerbaijan	Azerbaijani mobs	26 (official) to 200^[15](nonofficial sources)
Kirovabad pogrom	November 1988	Kirovabad, Soviet Azerbaijan	Azerbaijani mobs	10–12 (official)^[16] to 130^[17](nonofficial sources)
Baku pogrom	January 1990	Baku, Soviet Azerbaijan	Azerbaijani mobs	90^[18]
Dushanbe riots	February 12–14, 1990	Dushanbe, Soviet Tajikistan	Tajik nationalist & Islamist activists	26
Artashevan massacre	May 1991	Artashevan, Nagorno-Karabakh	Azerbaijani Armed Forces	300
Maraga massacre	10 April 1992	Maraga, Nagorno-Karabakh	Azerbaijani Armed Forces	50–100^[19]^[20]^[21]

Notes

^ As part of the Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan.

References

^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1967). Armenia on the road to independence, 1918. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 267. ISBN 0-520-00574-0. OCLC 825110.
^ Akçam, Taner (2006) A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility p. 42, Metropolitan Books, New York ISBN 978-0-8050-7932-6
^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1967). Armenia on the road to independence, 1918. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 268. ISBN 0-520-00574-0. OCLC 825110. In the report of Hakob Papikian, member of Parliament and the Inquiry, the number of victims given is 21,000, of whom 19,479 were Armenian, 850 Syrian, 422 Chaldean, and 250 Greek.
^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (2015). "They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide. Princeton University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-4008-6558-1.
^ Bijak, Jakub; Lubman, Sarah (2016). "The Disputed Numbers: In Search of the Demographic Basis for Studies of Armenian Population Losses, 1915–1923". The Armenian Genocide Legacy. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 26–43. ISBN 978-1-137-56163-3.
^ Morris, Benny; Ze’evi, Dror (2019). The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924. Harvard University Press. p. 486. ISBN 978-0-674-91645-6.
^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1967). Armenia on the Road to Independence, 1918. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 227, 312, note 36. ISBN 0-520-00574-0.
^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1982). The Republic of Armenia. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 107. ISBN 0-520-04186-0.
^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1982). "The Doom of Akulis". The Republic of Armenia, Vol. II: From Versailles to London, 1919-1920. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 207–238. ISBN 0-520-04186-0.
^ Wright, John F. R. (1996). Transcaucasian Boundaries. Psychology Press. p. 99. ISBN 9780203214473.
^ Richard G. Hovannisian. The Republic of Armenia, Vol. III: From London to Sèvres, February–August 1920 p. 152
^ "The Nagorno-Karabagh Crisis: A Blueprint for Resolution" (PDF). Public International Law & Policy Group and the New England Center for International Law & Policy. June 2000. p. 3. In August 1919, the Karabagh National Council entered into a provisional treaty agreement with the Azerbaijani government. Despite signing the Agreement, the Azerbaijani government continuously violated the terms of the treaty. This culminated in March 1920 with the Azerbaijanis' massacre of Armenians in Karabagh's former capital, Shushi, in which it is estimated that more than 20,000 Armenians were killed.
^ The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 360–361. ISBN 1-57181-666-6.
^ Akçam, Taner (2007). A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. pp. 327. - Profile at Google Books
^ "Senate and House Members Condemn Sumgait and Baku Massacres". Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
^ Yuri Rost, "Armenian Tragedy", London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990, p. 82.
^ Parks, Michael (27 November 1988). "Soviet Tells of Blocking Slaughter of Armenians : General Reports His Soldiers Have Suppressed Dozens of Massacre Attempts by Azerbaijanis". LA Times. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
^ de Waal, Thomas (2003). Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. New York: New York University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8147-1945-9. Around ninety Armenians died in the Baku pogroms.
^ De Waal. Black Garden, p. 176.
^ Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (1994). Azerbaijan: Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. New York: Human Rights Watch. p. 6. ISBN 1-56432-142-8.
^ Amnesty International. "Azerbaydzhan: Hostages in the Karabakh conflict: Civilians Continue to Pay the Price ." Amnesty International. April 1993 (POL 10/01/93), p. 9.