Martin Dzúr

Martin Dzúr
Martin Dzúr
	Dzúr in 1969
Minister of National Defense
	In office; April 1968 – 11 January 1985
President	Ludvík Svoboda
Prime Minister	Lubomir Strougal
Preceded by	Bohumír Lomský
Succeeded by	Milán Václavík
Personal details
Born	12 July 1919; Plostin, Liptovský Mikuláš District
Died	15 January 1985 (aged 65); Prague
Nationality	Slovak
Political party	Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
Alma mater	General Staff Academy
Military service
Allegiance	Czechoslovakia
Branch/service	Czechoslovak Army
Years of service	1941-1985
Rank	Army General
Battles/wars	World War II

Martin Dzúr (12 July 1919 – 15 January 1985) was a Slovak military officer and a communist politician, who served as defense minister from 1968 to 1985.

Early life and education

Dzúr was born in Ploštín (now part of Liptovský Mikuláš), Slovakia, on 12 July 1919.^[1] His parents were peasants.^[2] From 1937 to 1939 he studied woodworking.^[1] In the late 1940s he graduated from a military school, a higher academic course and the General Staff Academy in Moscow.^[1] He also received a degree in engineering.^[3]

Career and activities

Dzúr joined the Slovak army for military draft service in 1941.^[1] However, he left the Slovak army and defected to the Soviet Union in January 1943.^[1] He joined both the Soviet forces and the illegal Czechoslovak Communist Party in 1943.^[2] Then he began to serve in the 119th brigade of the Red Army.^[1] Following World War II he became a captain in the Soviet-assisted Czechoslovak independent brigade in 1946.^[4]^[5]

In 1959, Dzúr was made deputy defense minister.^[5] He was appointed defense minister under President Ludvík Svoboda in April 1968, replacing Bohumír Lomský in the post.^[2]^[6] He was a colonel general when he was named as the minister of defense.^[3] Four months after Dzúr's appointment the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia in August 1968.^[7]

In the immediate aftermath of the invasion, Dzúr was arrested in his office by two Soviet military officers.^[8] Ivan Yershov, Soviet chief of staff during the invasion, stated in 1989 that Dzúr initially refused to take orders from the Soviets, arguing that only Alexander Dubček, leader of the Czechoslovak communist party, could give orders to him.^[7] However, Andrei Grechko, the former commander of the Warsaw Pact, told Dzúr by telephone that "if a single Czechoslovak soldier fired so much as one shot, he would personally hang Dzúr from the first tree."^[7] Dzúr was allowed only to call Dubček to inform him of the invasion.^[8] On 28 September 1968 Dzúr increased the number of Czechoslovak military areas accessible to Soviet troops.^[9]

Dzúr was elected to the communist party's central committee in 1971.^[4] His term as defense minister ended on 11 January 1985 when he retired from office due to ill health.^[10] Milán Václavík replaced him in the post.^[4]

Views

Dzúr was close to Alexander Dubček.^[6] The 1970 CIA report describes Dzúr as a moderate like Dubček.^[11]

Honours and awards

Dzúr was awarded the highest Soviet prize, the Order of Lenin, in 1983.^[12]

Death

Only four days after his removal from office Dzúr died of "a long and serious illness" in Prague on 15 January 1985.^[1]^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Martin Dzur". Munzinger. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Martin Dzur, Czechoslovak Military Chief". Los Angeles Times. 17 January 1985. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
^ ^a ^b Pavel Žáček (2016). "The KGB and the Czechoslovak State Security Apparatus in August 1968". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 29 (4): 631. doi:10.1080/13518046.2016.1232561. S2CID 151497247.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Gen. Martin Dzur, 65; Czechs' Defense Chief". The New York Times. Vienna. Reuters. 17 January 1985. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Martin Dzúr". The Evening Independent. Prague. AP. 16 January 1985. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
^ ^a ^b Mark Kramer (1998). "The Czechoslovak Crisis and the Brezhnev Doctrine". In Carole Fink; Philipp Gassert; Detlef Junker (eds.). 1968: The World Transformed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-521-64637-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lars Erik Nelson (15 December 1989). "Moscow: It was 'A Mistake' Crushing of Czech Revolt Recalled". Philly. Washington, DC. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
^ ^a ^b Matthew J. Ouimet (2003). The Rise and Fall of the Brezhnev Doctrine in Soviet Foreign Policy. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-8078-5411-2.
^ Jaromir Navratil, ed. (1998). The Prague Spring 1968: A National Security Archive Documents Reader. Budapest: Central European University Press. ISBN 963-9116-15-7.
^ "Czech Defense Chief Retires". The New York Times. Vienna. Reuters. 11 January 1985. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
^ "Czechoslovakia: The Problem of Soviet Control" (PDF). CIA. 16 January 1970. Archived from the original (Intelligence Memorandum) on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
^ "Jaruzelski gets highest Soviet prize". Reading Eagle. Moscow. AP. 5 July 1983. Retrieved 7 September 2013.