Mary of Scotland (film)

Mary of Scotland
Mary of Scotland
	movie poster
Directed by	John Ford
Screenplay by	Dudley Nichols
Based on	Mary of Scotland; 1933 play; by Maxwell Anderson
Produced by	Pandro S. Berman
Starring	Katharine Hepburn; Fredric March
Cinematography	Joseph H. August ; Jack MacKenzie
Edited by	Jane Loring
Music by	Nathaniel Shilkret
Production; company	RKO Radio Pictures
Distributed by	RKO Radio Pictures
Release dates	July 30, 1936 (New York City); August 28, 1936 (U.S.);
Running time	123 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$864,000
Box office	$1,276,000

Mary of Scotland is a 1936 American historical drama film starring Katharine Hepburn as the 16th-century ruler Mary, Queen of Scots.^[3]^[4] Directed by John Ford, it is an adaptation of the 1933 Maxwell Anderson play, with Fredric March reprising the role of Bothwell, which he also performed on stage during the run of play.^[5] The screenplay was written by Dudley Nichols. Ginger Rogers wanted to play this role and made a screen test, but RKO rejected her request to be cast in the part^[6] feeling that the role was not suitable to her image.

Plot

In 1561, Mary Stuart, the young widow of Francis II of France, sets sail for her native Scotland to re-establish herself as monarch. In spite of attempts by her politically insecure cousin, Queen Elizabeth of England, to prevent her from reaching Scotland, Mary lands safely with her Italian secretary, David Rizzio, and rides to Holyrood Palace near Edinburgh.

Immediately upon her arrival, Mary is confronted by her half brother, James Stewart, the Earl of Moray, who is the leader of the country's ruling noblemen, and is questioned about her devotion to Catholicism and her refusal to marry. While the noblemen select a council for Mary, the queen is denounced publicly as a "wicked" Catholic by John Knox, an outspoken Protestant leader. Knox's accusations are countered by the equally eloquent Earl of Bothwell, who in spite of his own Protestantism, pledges his loyalty to Mary and demands that he be named Scotland's military chief.

Enraged by Mary's success at charming her court, Elizabeth plots with Throckmorton, the new Scottish ambassador, to use Moray against her. At the same time, Rizzio encourages Mary to wed Lord Darnley, a Catholic who is the heir to the English crown after Elizabeth. Although she loves Bothwell, Mary rejects his proposal and marries the foppish Darnley. Soon after, Mary's council tries to force her to dismiss Rizzio and, when she refuses, goads the sexually frustrated Darnley into accusing the Italian of adultery. In Mary's bedroom, a group of Scottish lords murder Rizzio and, as a drunken Darnley watches, force the queen to sign a false confession of infidelity. Aided by Bothwell's loyal troops, Mary and Darnley escape and thwart Moray and Elizabeth's conspiracy.

A year after Mary gives birth to a boy, James, a still discontented Darnley threatens to disown his son as his legitimate heir. Before he is able to carry out his plan, however, Darnley is burned alive in his private refuge, which is destroyed by planted explosives. As Knox damns Bothwell as Darnley's murderer, the earl "kidnaps" Mary and, in defiance of the council, secretly marries her. Twenty days later, Moray abducts baby James, and the rebel lords attack Holyrod Castle. Outnumbered by Moray's troops, Bothwell finally agrees to leave Scotland if Mary is allowed to remain queen. In spite of his promises, Moray forces Mary to abdicate and, after imprisoning her, makes himself regent.

Eventually Mary escapes and, believing Elizabeth to support her cause, flees to England. Elizabeth, however, takes Mary prisoner and, after Bothwell dies a mad man in a Danish jail, puts her on trial for treason. Crushed by the news of Bothwell's death, Mary eagerly accepts her inevitable condemnation and refuses to renounce the Stuart claim to the English throne, even when offered clemency by Elizabeth. Satisfied that she has enjoyed a more rewarding life than the ambitious Elizabeth, Mary faces her execution with courage.^[7]

Cast

Katharine Hepburn as Mary, Queen of Scots
Fredric March as the Earl of Bothwell
Florence Eldridge as Elizabeth of England
Douglas Walton as Lord Darnley
John Carradine as David Rizzio
Robert Barrat as Morton
Gavin Muir as Leicester
Ian Keith as James Stuart, Earl of Moray
Moroni Olsen as John Knox
William Stack as Lord Ruthven
Ralph Forbes as Randolph
Alan Mowbray as Throckmorton
Frieda Inescort as Mary Beaton
Donald Crisp as Huntly
David Torrence as Lindsay
Molly Lamont as Mary Livingston
Anita Colby as Mary Fleming
Jean Fenwick as Mary Seton
Lionel Pape as Burghley
Alec Craig as Donal
Mary Gordon as Nurse
Monte Blue as Messenger
Leonard Mudie as Maitland
Brandon Hurst as Airan
Wilfred Lucas as Lexington
D'Arcy Corrigan as Kirkcaldy
Frank Baker as Douglas
Cyril McLaglen as Faudoncide
Doris Lloyd as Fisherman's Wife
Robert Warwick as Sir Francis Knollys
Murray Kinnell as a Judge
Lawrence Grant as a Judge
Ivan F. Simpson as a Judge
Nigel De Brulier as a Judge
Barlowe Borland as a Judge
Walter Byron as Walsingham
Wyndham Standing as a Sergeant-at-Arms
Earle Foxe as the Earl of Kent
Paul McAllister as du Croche
Lionel Belmore as a Fisherman
Gaston Glass as the Frenchman
Neil Fitzgerald as the Nobleman
Tommy Bupp as Boy in Boat (uncredited)
Robert Homans as Jailer (uncredited)
Harry Tenbrook as Guard (uncredited)
Bobs Watson as Fisherman's Son (uncredited)

Accuracy

The film does not keep close to the historical truth, portraying Mary as a wronged martyr and her third husband (James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell) as a romantic hero. While it is true that Bothwell was well known as a philanderer, his last marriage to Mary was genuine. Regarding Mary's historical status, the false imprisonment by Elizabeth I and Anglo Protestant intrigue in Scotland did undermine her claim to the throne of Scotland and the throne of England, making her a direct threat to Elizabeth I.

At the beginning of the movie, Mary is described as the legitimate heir of King Henry VII of England, when in fact she was the heir of King James V of Scotland. Her claim to the English throne is through Henry VII. She had legitimate claims to both thrones. She was Elizabeth's heir.

Reception

Contemporary reviews were generally positive. Frank S. Nugent of The New York Times wrote it had a "blend of excellence and mere adequacy." He wrote that the film had "depth, vigor and warm humanity" but had scenes which "lack the vitality they possessed in the play", and considered Hepburn's characterization of the title role rather too soft in comparison with the historical Mary.^[8] Variety praised the "extra-strong cast" and Ford's "sure-footed" direction. Hepburn's performance was described as "not really Mary Stuart but rather Katie Hepburn. And that is all in the film's favor because it humanizes it all and makes it that much more nearly acceptable." However, the review also found the film too long and the ending too sad, and conceding it could not end any other way without "completely corrupting history."^[9] "Impressive historical drama finely acted and produced with all-around distinction", reported Film Daily.^[10] Motion Picture Daily called the film "a splendidly powerful drama" with a "sincere, intelligent and genuine" performance by Hepburn.^[11] Russell Maloney reviewed the film negatively in The New Yorker, writing that despite its high production values, "it has little or nothing to do with Maxwell Anderson's play. Any other historical drama of the period could have been sandwiched in between these scenes and it wouldn't have made a bit of difference." Of Hepburn's performance, Maloney wrote that she had "the cards stacked against her from the very start, because pageantry naturally interferes with characterization."^[12]

The film is not regarded well by critics today, and in its time, it was a box office flop, causing a loss of $165,000.^[2] This was Katharine Hepburn's second flop in a row, causing her to being labeled "box office poison" in the late 1930s, leading to (after a two-year screen absence) her move to MGM for her comeback in The Philadelphia Story in 1940.

References

^ "The Broadway Parade". Film Daily. New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.: 2 July 27, 1936.
^ ^a ^b ^c Richard Jewel, 'RKO Film Grosses: 1931-1951', Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Vol 14 No 1, 1994 p. 57.
^ Variety film review; August 5, 1936, p. 16.
^ Harrison's Reports film review; July 25, 1936, p. 119.
^ "Mary of Scotland". www.tcm.com. Retrieved 2022-11-04.
^ "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions". Answers.com.
^ "Catalog - Mary of Scotland - catalog.afi.com". AFI Catalog.
^ Nugent, Frank S. (July 31, 1936). "Movie Review – Mary of Scotland". The New York Times. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
^ "Mary of Scotland". Variety: 16. August 5, 1936.
^ "Reviews of the New Films". Film Daily: 7. July 24, 1936.
^ "Looking 'Em Over". Motion Picture Daily: 8. July 23, 1936.
^ Maloney, Russell (August 8, 1936). "The Current Cinema". The New Yorker. p. 52.

External links

Mary of Scotland at IMDb
Mary of Scotland at the TCM Movie Database
Mary of Scotland at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
Mary of Scotland at Virtual History
Radio adaptation of original play done for Theatre Guild on the Air in 1946 at Internet Archive

[1] "The Broadway Parade". Film Daily. New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.: 2 July 27, 1936.

[rko-2] Richard Jewel, 'RKO Film Grosses: 1931-1951', Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Vol 14 No 1, 1994 p. 57.

[3] Variety film review; August 5, 1936, p. 16.

[4] Harrison's Reports film review; July 25, 1936, p. 119.

[5] "Mary of Scotland". www.tcm.com. Retrieved 2022-11-04.

[6] "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions". Answers.com.

[7] "Catalog - Mary of Scotland - catalog.afi.com". AFI Catalog.

[8] Nugent, Frank S. (July 31, 1936). "Movie Review – Mary of Scotland". The New York Times. Retrieved August 16, 2015.

[9] "Mary of Scotland". Variety: 16. August 5, 1936.

[10] "Reviews of the New Films". Film Daily: 7. July 24, 1936.

[11] "Looking 'Em Over". Motion Picture Daily: 8. July 23, 1936.

[12] Maloney, Russell (August 8, 1936). "The Current Cinema". The New Yorker. p. 52.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

Mary of Scotland (film)

Plot

Cast

Accuracy

Reception

References

External links

Read other articles:

John Wycliffe

JAXA

Amoya

David Valadao

Benedictine College

الدوري العماني

KGAR-LP

Villanova del Sillaro

List of new members of the 99th United States Congress

Tuapse

Ahdaf Soueif

Easley, South Carolina

Фитопланктон

How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb

Neobatrachia

Howard Devoto

Olfactophilie

Joseph Bidez

Buchanan Street subway station

ميستر إكهرت