MtDNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia

Listed here are notable groups and populations from South Asia by human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with linguistic designations (IE=Indo-European, Dr=Dravidian, AA=Austro-Asiatic and ST=Sino-Tibetan), the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup. The two most widespread MtDNA haplogroups in South Asia are Haplogroup M (of South Asian origin) and Haplogroup U (West Eurasian).^[1]

Note: The converted frequencies from some old studies conducted in the first decade of the 21st century may lead to unsubstantial frequencies below.

Population	Sample Size	Language	HVS-I haplotype diversity	A	L1–L3	M	M2	M3	M5	MΔ9bp	U	H, V, T, J, N, X, K, W	B, F, D, G	R	P	Reference
Bengali in Bangladesh	86	IE		1.2		67.4					12.8	5.8	3.5	9.3		Rishishwar2017^[2]
Chenchu (South Indian tribal)	96	Dr	0.87		0	97	18	1	19	3	0	0	0	1		Kivisild2003^[3]
Gujarati Indian in Houston, Texas	106	IE			2.8	38.7					15.1	13.2		30.2		Rishishwar2017^[2]
Gujaratis and Konkanastha Br.	111	IE	0.99		0	48	5	6	0	0	23	10	5	11		Kivisild2003^[3]
Indian Telugu in the UK	103	Dr				59.2					13.6	14.6		12.6		Rishishwar2017^[2]
Kerala/Karnataka	99	Dr	0.96		0	64	15	6	15	0	21		0	9		Kivisild2003^[3]
Koyas	81	Dr	0.94		0	69	19	6	0	21	1	0	0	31		Kivisild2003^[3]
Lambadis	86	IE	0.99		0	64	10	5	10	0	12	8	0	13		Kivisild2003^[3]
Lobanas (Punjab)	62	IE	0.98		0	55	5	5	8	0	5	8	0	18		Kivisild2003^[3]
Punjabi in Lahore, Pakistan	96	IE				57.3					11.5	14.6	5.2	11.5		Rishishwar2017^[2]
Punjabis	112	IE	0.99		0	41	1	4	1	0	20	19	5	10		Kivisild2003^[3]
Sri Lanka	132	Dr, IE	0.99		0	58	7	5	2	0	18	8	2	14		Kivisild2003^[3]
Sinhalese	100	IE				42					21	6	7	20	2	Ranaweera2014^[4]
Sinhalese	60	IE				51.7										Ranasinghe2015^[5]
Vedda	75	IE				17.33					29.33		8	45.33		Ranaweera2014^[4]
Vedda	30	IE				36.6										Ranasinghe2015^[5]
Sri Lankan Tamil in the UK	103	Dr		1.0		48.5					13.6	15.5		21.4		Rishishwar2017^[2]
Sri Lankan Tamil	39	Dr				43.59					15.38	20.51	7.69	7.69	5.13	Ranaweera2014^[4]
Sri Lankan Tamil	30	Dr				53.5										Ranasinghe2015^[5]
Indian Tamil in Sri Lanka	57	Dr				70.8					12.28	1.75	5.26	8.77	1.75	Ranaweera2014^[4]
Indian Tamil in Sri Lanka	22	Dr				81.8										Ranasinghe2015^[5]
Tamil Nadu tribal	49	Dr	0.96		0	71	2	24	0	0	16	0	0	12		Kivisild2003^[3]
Telugu, lower	70	Dr	0.99		0	71	10	1	4	0	7	1	0	21		Kivisild2003^[3]
Telugu, middle	114	Dr	0.99		0	64	6	4	4	0	10	5	0	21		Kivisild2003^[3]
Telugu, upper	59	Dr	0.99		0	61	5	19	0	0	19	3	0	15		Kivisild2003^[3]
Uttar Pradesh	139	IE	0.99		0	57	3	10	0	0	17	6	1	14		Kivisild2003^[3]
Western Bengal tribal	34	IE	0.99		0	65	6	9	0	0	21	0	0	15		Kivisild2003^[3]
Western Bengalis	106	IE	0.97		0	72	4	7	6	0	10	6	0	11		Kivisild2003^[3]

U* = other derivatives of haplogroup U; R* = derivatives of haplogroup R that do not belong to HV, TJ, U, B, and F.

References

^ Mukhtar Ahmed (29 May 2014). Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume I: The Stone Age. Amazon. pp. 245–. ISBN 978-1-4954-9047-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Rishishwar, Lavanya; Jordan, I. King (2017). "Implications of human evolution and admixture for mitochondrial replacement therapy". BMC Genomics. 18 (1): 140. doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3539-3. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 5299762. PMID 28178941.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Kivisild, T; Rootsi, S; Metspalu, M; Mastana, S; Kaldma, K; Parik, J; Metspalu, E; Adojaan, M; et al. (2003). "The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations". AJHG. 72 (2): 313–32. doi:10.1086/346068. PMC 379225. PMID 12536373.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ranaweera, Lanka; Kaewsutthi, Supannee; Win Tun, Aung; Boonyarit, Hathaichanoke; Poolsuwan, Samerchai; Lertrit, Patcharee (January 2014). "Mitochondrial DNA history of Sri Lankan ethnic people: their relations within the island and with the Indian subcontinental populations". Journal of Human Genetics. 59 (1): 28–36. doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.112. PMID 24196378.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ranasinghe, Ruwandi; Tennekoon, Kamani H.; Karunanayake, Eric H.; Lembring, Maria; Allen, Marie (November 2015). "A study of genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II of the five major ethnic groups and Vedda population in Sri Lanka". Legal Medicine. 17 (6): 539–546. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.05.007. PMID 26065620.

[Ahmed2014-1] Mukhtar Ahmed (29 May 2014). Ancient Pakistan - An Archaeological History: Volume I: The Stone Age. Amazon. pp. 245–. ISBN 978-1-4954-9047-7.

[RishishwarJordan2017-2] Rishishwar, Lavanya; Jordan, I. King (2017). "Implications of human evolution and admixture for mitochondrial replacement therapy". BMC Genomics. 18 (1): 140. doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3539-3. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 5299762. PMID 28178941.

[Kivisild2003-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Kivisild, T; Rootsi, S; Metspalu, M; Mastana, S; Kaldma, K; Parik, J; Metspalu, E; Adojaan, M; et al. (2003). "The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations". AJHG. 72 (2): 313–32. doi:10.1086/346068. PMC 379225. PMID 12536373.

[Ranaweera2014-4] Ranaweera, Lanka; Kaewsutthi, Supannee; Win Tun, Aung; Boonyarit, Hathaichanoke; Poolsuwan, Samerchai; Lertrit, Patcharee (January 2014). "Mitochondrial DNA history of Sri Lankan ethnic people: their relations within the island and with the Indian subcontinental populations". Journal of Human Genetics. 59 (1): 28–36. doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.112. PMID 24196378.

[Ranasinghe2015-5] Ranasinghe, Ruwandi; Tennekoon, Kamani H.; Karunanayake, Eric H.; Lembring, Maria; Allen, Marie (November 2015). "A study of genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II of the five major ethnic groups and Vedda population in Sri Lanka". Legal Medicine. 17 (6): 539–546. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.05.007. PMID 26065620.

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MtDNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia

References

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