Munda, Solomon Islands

Munda, Solomon Islands
Munda, Solomon Islands
Settlement
	Munda Point Airfield in New Georgia seen from West - Central Solomons - 1943
	Munda, Solomon Islands
	Coordinates: 8°19′37″S 157°16′05″E / 8.327°S 157.26818°E

Munda is the largest settlement on the island of New Georgia in the Western Province of Solomon Islands, and consists of a number of villages. It is located at the southwestern tip (called Munda Point) of the western end of New Georgia, and the large Roviana Lagoon is just offshore.

Munda Point was originally the site of a coconut plantation established by Englishman Norman Wheatley, and then owned by Australian Lesley Gill.

History

The Colonial Office had appointed Charles Morris Woodford as the Resident Commissioner in the Solomon Islands on 17 February 1897. He was directed to control the labour trade operating in the Solomon Island waters and to stop the illegal trade in firearms.^[1] Arthur Mahaffy was appointed as the Deputy Commissioner to Woodford in January 1898.^[2] In January 1900, Mahaffy established a government station at Gizo, as Woodford considered Mahaffy’s military training as making him suitable for the role of suppressing headhunting in New Georgia and neighbouring islands.^[2]^[3] Mahaffy had a force of twenty-five police armed with rifles.^[4] The first target of this force was chief Ingava of the Roviana Lagoon who had been raiding Choiseul and Isabel and killing or enslaves hundreds of people.^[4]

Mahaffy and the police officers under his command carried out a violent and ruthless suppression of headhunting, with his actions having the support of Woodford and the Western Pacific High Commission, who wanted to eradicate headhunting and complete a “pacification” of the western Solomon Islands.^[2] Mahaffy seized and destroyed large war canoes (tomokos). One of which was used to transport the police officers.^[4]

The Methodist Mission in the Western Province was established by Rev. John Frances Goldie in 1902. He dominated the mission and gained the loyalty of Solomon Islander members of his church.^[5] The relationship with the colonial administrators of the British Solomon Island Protectorate were also fraught with difficulty, at this time due to Goldie's effective control over the Western Solomon Islands.^[5] From 1927 to 1934 Dr Edward Sayers worked at the Methodist mission where he established a hospital at Munda and also at Gizo and Vella Lavella, and carried out fieldwork in the treatment of malaria.^[6]

In November 1942, during World War II, the town became strategically important after Japanese forces built an airstrip (on the site of today's Munda Airport) to support Japanese forces fighting the Battle of Guadalcanal. A Japanese convoy put into Munda Point on 24 November 1942, and started construction under careful concealment from the air by means of rows of coconut palms suspended by cable. The airstrip was discovered by American planes on 3 December, and the first airstrikes were delivered by B-17 Flying Fortress bombers on 9 December. However, the Japanese were able to use Munda despite regular bombardment from both air and sea, and the Allies launched Operation Cartwheel in order to drive the Japanese out of the Solomons and ultimately eliminate the large Japanese base at Rabaul. The New Georgia Campaign was launched in late June, 1943 when mainly American but also Pacific Islander troops conducted the Landings on Rendova and several other amphibious operations throughout the New Georgia Group. The Allied forces spent July 1943 conducting the Drive on Munda Point, shelling and bombing Japanese forces in and around Munda Airfield, fighting off a large Japanese counterattack, and eventually closing in on Munda overland, capturing it on 4–5 August during the Battle of Munda Point. The heavy fighting left thousands dead on both sides and many more wounded.

Transport

Boats are the main method of coastal and inter-island transport.

The airstrip from World War II was later converted into Munda Airport and is used commercially for daily flights land from Honiara, Setghe and Gizo, including services on Solomon Airlines.^[7]

Geography

Lambete, the largest village in Munda, today consists of a number of shops, a branch of the Bank of South Pacific (BSP), a post office, a telecommunications centre, a bakery, accommodations, the airstrip and a small port.

Climate

Climate data for Munda, Solomon Islands (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1962–1986, 1991–2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	34.4 (93.9)	36.4 (97.5)	35.0 (95.0)	33.9 (93.0)	33.2 (91.8)	34.4 (93.9)	33.3 (91.9)	33.0 (91.4)	32.8 (91.0)	33.8 (92.8)	33.6 (92.5)	34.2 (93.6)	36.4 (97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	31.4 (88.5)	31.1 (88.0)	31.1 (88.0)	31.1 (88.0)	30.7 (87.3)	30.2 (86.4)	29.7 (85.5)	29.8 (85.6)	30.3 (86.5)	30.8 (87.4)	31.4 (88.5)	31.7 (89.1)	30.8 (87.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	27.8 (82.0)	27.6 (81.7)	27.6 (81.7)	27.6 (81.7)	27.4 (81.3)	27.1 (80.8)	26.8 (80.2)	26.8 (80.2)	27.1 (80.8)	27.4 (81.3)	27.7 (81.9)	28.0 (82.4)	27.4 (81.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	24.4 (75.9)	24.3 (75.7)	24.2 (75.6)	24.2 (75.6)	24.2 (75.6)	24.1 (75.4)	24.0 (75.2)	23.9 (75.0)	24.0 (75.2)	24.1 (75.4)	24.2 (75.6)	24.4 (75.9)	24.2 (75.6)
Record low °C (°F)	20.3 (68.5)	20.3 (68.5)	21.1 (70.0)	21.1 (70.0)	20.6 (69.1)	19.7 (67.5)	20.0 (68.0)	15.6 (60.1)	19.4 (66.9)	18.3 (64.9)	19.8 (67.6)	21.1 (70.0)	15.6 (60.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	410 (16.1)	431 (17.0)	352 (13.9)	292 (11.5)	276 (10.9)	291 (11.5)	357 (14.1)	272 (10.7)	244 (9.6)	270 (10.6)	227 (8.9)	266 (10.5)	3,741 (147.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm)	18	18	19	18	18	18	20	18	17	16	15	16	210
Source 1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration^[8]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity 1962–1986)^[9]

References

^ Coates, Austin (1970). Western Pacific Islands. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 228. ISBN 978-0118804288.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lawrence, David Russell (October 2014). "Chapter 7 Expansion of the Protectorate 1898–1900" (PDF). The Naturalist and his "Beautiful Islands": Charles Morris Woodford in the Western Pacific. ANU Press. pp. 198–206. doi:10.22459/NBI.10.2014. ISBN 9781925022032.
^ Coates, Austin (1970). Western Pacific Islands. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 229. ISBN 978-0118804288.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mahaffy, Arthur (1869 - 1919)". Solomon Islands Historical Encyclopaedia 1893-1978. 2003. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
^ ^a ^b Dr. Debra McDougall (2008). "Religious institutions as Alternative Structures in post-conflict Solomon Islands: Cases from Western Province". For State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Discussion Paper Series, 08/05, Australian National University. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 4 Oct 2011.
^ Sayers, E. G. (1943) Malaria in the South Pacific with Special Reference to the Solomon Islands. New Zealand Government Printing Office
^ "Domestic Routes Map | Solomon Islands Flights | Solomon Airlines".
^ "Munda Climate Normals for 1991-2020" (CSV). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
^ "Klimatafel von Munda / Insel New Georgia / Salomonen" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 July 2017.