Payday loans in Canada

Payday loans in Canada are permitted under section 347.1 of the Criminal Code, so long as the province of the borrower has enacted sufficient provincial legislation concerning the provisioning of payday loans. In the event that no such provincial legislation exists (as is the case in Newfoundland and Labrador) payday loans are limited by usury laws, with any effective (compound) rate of interest charged above 60% per annum considered criminal. However, so far this has not been enforced by Newfoundland and Labrador.

On August 14, 2006, the Supreme Court of British Columbia issued its decision in a class action lawsuit against A OK Payday Loans.^[1] A OK charged its customers 21% interest, as well as a "processing" fee of C$9.50 for every $50.00 borrowed.^[1] In addition a "deferral" fee of $25.00 for every $100.00 was charged if a customer wanted to delay payment. The judge ruled that the processing and deferral fees were interest, and that A OK was charging its customers a criminal rate of interest. The payout as a result of this decision is expected to be several million dollars.^[2] The British Columbia Court of Appeal unanimously affirmed this decision.^[3]

Provincial regulations

In 2006, Parliament amended the Criminal Code to allow the provinces to regulate the payday loan industry.^[4]

Every province other than Newfoundland and Labrador has enacted some legislation to deal with payday loan restrictions since 2006.

Alberta

Alberta rates became the lowest in Canada, for provinces that allow payday loans, effective August 2016, with the maximum rate of payday loans of $15 per $100 lent, an effective interest rate of 3,724%.^[5]

The Canadian Payday Loan Association reacted by publishing "Alberta Government proposes reckless loan restrictions that will push consumers to illegal lenders."^[6]

Alberta introduced a bill to reduce the maximum rate on payday loans to $15 per $100 lent, the lowest maximum rate for provinces that allow payday loans.^[7] This will reduce the effective rate from 21,978% down to 3,724%.

British Columbia

Since November 1, 2009, the Payday Loans Regulation (under the Business Practices and Consumer Protection Act)^[8] have been in force in British Columbia. The maximum charges for short term loans have been capped at 23% of the principal (including interests and fees), the borrower can cancel the loan by the end of the following day of signing the agreement without paying any charge, only one loan per borrower at a time is permitted, and the lender's ability to access the borrower's bank or employer has been restricted. In addition, lenders are prohibited from lending more than 50 percent of a borrower's take-home pay or requiring repayment before the borrower's next payday. All lenders are required to register and are regulated under the Business Practices and Consumer Protection Authority (also known as Consumer Protection BC).^[9] In September 2016, the BC government proposed a new maximum allowable charge of $15 for every $100 borrowed- this change became effective January 1, 2017.^[10]

Manitoba

Manitoba had the most restrictive rates of any province that permits payday loans at $17 per $100 per two weeks.^[11] Additionally, any subsequent loans taken out by the same customer within a certain time period are limited to 5%.^[11]

New Brunswick

In 2018, the Province of New Brunswick implemented new regulations and a regulatory framework for licensing payday lenders. The Cost of Credit Disclosure and Payday Loans Act and the rules and regulations under this Act, which came into force on 1 January 2018, require all payday lenders to be licensed with the Financial and Consumer Services Commission (FCNB) to operate in New Brunswick; set the maximum fee on a loan at $15 per $100 borrowed; allow borrowers to cancel a loan within 48 hours at no charge; limit the number of loans that a lender can provide to a recipient at one time; and limit the loan amount to no more than 30 per cent of the recipients’ net pay, among other requirements.^[12]

Newfoundland and Labrador

Legislation was passed in 2016 but couldn't become law without the federal criminal code exemption. The exemption was given by the federal government on Wednesday, December 12, 2018. The rate is expected to be $21 per loan of $100, resulting in an effective interest rate of 14,299%.^[13]

Newfoundland and Labrador has enacted no legislation on the matter, thereby leaving any restrictions up to the federal government's cap of 60%. This would amount to a maximum charge of $2.30 per $100 for a 14-day loan. Since the effective annual interest rates on payday loans are over this limit (Alberta and Ontario with the lowest rate of $15 per $100 borrowed, (1.15^(365/14)-1)* 100)), this makes payday loans effectively illegal in the provinces. However, it appears that a payday loan industry exists in Newfoundland and Labrador, with the provincial prosecutors determining "the prosecution of those offences was not in the public interest."^[14]

Nova Scotia

Currently, lenders can charge a maximum of $17 per $100 borrowed, with maximum late payment charges of $40 and up to 30% interest on late payments.^[15] Nova Scotia used to permit payday loans at $31 per $100, this was reduced to $19 per $100 in 2018.^[16]

Ontario

Ontario has reduced to maximum rate for payday loans down to $15 per $100 loaned effective January 1, 2018, with an effective interest rate of 3,724%. Other changes will become effective July 1, 2018 ^[17]

"Time for Ontario to ban predatory payday loan operators: Opinion"^[18] includes a discussion of Hamilton's new regulations on the payday loan industry, a first for Ontario.

Effective January 1, 2017, the maximum total cost of borrowing for a payday loan became $18 per $100 advanced (7,383%), down from the prior rate of $21 per $100 advanced (14,299%).^[19]^[20]

On August 29, 2016, the Ministry of Government and Consumer Services is proposing to amended to the maximum total cost of borrowing from $21 per $100 advanced (14,299%) first to $18 per $100 advanced (7,383%), effective January 1, 2017; and then to $15 per $100 advanced (3,724%) effective January 1, 2018.^[21]

On June 27, 2016, the Ministry of Government and Consumer Services sent out an email stating that "after receiving second reading, it has now been referred to the Standing Committee on Social Policy." As of July 17, 2016, there are no committee meetings scheduled.

On April 20, 2016, the Ontario government issued a press release ^[22] seeking input on lower rates for payday loans. The government is looking at leaving the maximum rate unchanged at 14,299% ($21 per $100 for two weeks), or lowering it to 9,224% ($19 per $100 for two weeks), lowering it to 5,894% ($17 per $100 for two weeks, or lowering it to 3,724% ($15 per $100 for two weeks). Ontario has over 800 payday lenders and loan brokers. The average payday loan in Ontario is $435 over 16 days.

The government introduced a new bill, Bill 156, Alternative Financial Services Statute Law Amendment Act, 2015 on December 9, 2015 "that will increase protections for consumers who use high-cost alternative financial services, such as payday loans, rent-to-own services, high-cost instalment loans and services to cash government issued cheques. This legislation will also better protect those with debts in collection." As of March 13, 2016, it has received first reading and is not yet law.^[23]

Ontario enacted the Payday Loans Act, 2008 ^[24] to limit the fees charged on loans in Ontario to $21 per $100 borrowed for a period of two weeks.^[25] The effective annual interest rate is 14,299%((1.21^(365/14)-1)*100), while the equivalent annual simple interest rate is 548% ((0.21*(365/14))*100).

There are several agencies that outline consumer rights in Ontario, including Consumer Protection Ontario, "awareness program from Ontario's Ministry of Government and Consumer Services and other public organizations, known as administrative authorities, that promote consumer rights and public safety."^[26]

Ontarians who took out payday loans from now-defunct Cash Store or Instaloans can file claims to recover fees and interest if they file their claims by October 31, 2016 to the $10 million class-action settlement.^[27]

In February 2013 the province is attempting to revoke the licence of Edmonton-based Cash Store to operate in the province due to violations of the Act.^[28]

Prince Edward Island

Prince Edward Island has imposed a limit of fees charged on loans to $25 per $100 borrowed for a period of two weeks.^[29] The effective annual interest rate is 33,519%((1.25^(365/14)-1)*100), while the equivalent annual simple interest rate is 652% ((0.25*(365/14))*100).

Quebec

Quebec has chosen to limit the effective annual interest on all loans to 35%, effectively banning the industry from the province.^[30]

Saskatchewan

In June 2010, the government of Saskatchewan announced regulations on payday loans similar to those in British Columbia. They include an interest rate cap of 23% of the principal, a cap of 30% on a defaulted loan, and a borrowing limit of 50% of the net amount of the individual's next pay. Companies offering payday loans will be charged a licensing fee of $2,000 per location.^[31]

On January 1, 2012, The Payday Loans Act 2012 came into effect in Saskatchewan.^[32]

References

^ ^a ^b "2006 BCSC 1213err1 Kilroy v. A OK Payday Loans Inc". www.bccourts.ca.
^ Kilroy v. A OK Payday Loans Inc., 2006 BCSC 1213 (2006).
^ Kilroy v. A OK Payday Loans Inc., 2007 BCCA 231 (2007).
^ "The page has moved". lop.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
^ "Payday loan lending rates in Alberta lowest in Canada under new law - Calgary - CBC News". Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
^ "Canadian Payday Loan Association — Media & Policy Makers". Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
^ Ellwand, Otiena. "Alberta government introduces bill to end 'predatory' payday loan practices" Edmonton Sun. Wednesday, May 18, 2016
^ "Payday Loans Regulation". www.bclaws.ca.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Fumano, Dan. "B.C. government reform of payday loans explained". The Province. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Justice | Province of Manitoba". Province of Manitoba - Justice.
^ "Newsroll". fcnb.ca. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
^ "Federal exemption paves way for N.L. payday loan legislation". CBC. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
^ Antle, Rob. "Prosecutors opt against N.L. payday loan criminal charges". CBC News. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
^ "Payday loans: your rights". NS Government. 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^ "Payday loan fee drop coming to Nova Scotia". CBC News. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
^ url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/payday-loan-your-rights#section-1
^ Green, Matthew (3 March 2017). "city councillor for Ward 3 in Hamilton". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
^ "Province Legislation Reducing Cost of Payday Loans". The Fountain Pen. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
^ "Payday loan: your rights". Payday loan: your rights. Government of Ontario. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
^ "Government of Ontario, Canada". www.ontariocanada.com.
^ "Ontario Seeking Input on Lower Rates for Payday Loans". news.ontario.ca.
^ "Alternative Financial Services Statute Law Amendment Act, 2016". Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
^ "Payday Loans Act, 2008". Payday Loans Act, 2008. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
^ "Ontario Regulation 98/09". Government of Ontario. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
^ "Payday loans Your Rights". www.ontario.ca. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
^ "Payday loan borrowers in line for share of $10M class action | The Star". thestar.com. 5 July 2016.
^ Crawley, Mike (5 February 2013). "Ontario wants to revoke licence of payday cash stores". CBC News. CBC/Radio-Canada. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
^ "Payday loans regulated on P.E.I., 6 years later". CBC News. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
^ "Payday loans: Predatory loan sharks or crucial fix in a pinch?". The Globe and Mail. 15 May 2015.
^ "Payday loans to be regulated in Sask". CBC News. 9 June 2010. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
^ "OC 625/2011 - Proclaim The Payday Loans Act on Sunday, January 1, 2012 (Minister of Justice and Attorney General)". Government of Saskatchewan Publications Center. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 14 April 2015.

[BCSC-1] "2006 BCSC 1213err1 Kilroy v. A OK Payday Loans Inc". www.bccourts.ca.

[2] Kilroy v. A OK Payday Loans Inc., 2006 BCSC 1213 (2006).

[3] Kilroy v. A OK Payday Loans Inc., 2007 BCCA 231 (2007).

[4] "The page has moved". lop.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.

[5] "Payday loan lending rates in Alberta lowest in Canada under new law - Calgary - CBC News". Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.

[6] "Canadian Payday Loan Association — Media & Policy Makers". Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.

[7] Ellwand, Otiena. "Alberta government introduces bill to end 'predatory' payday loan practices" Edmonton Sun. Wednesday, May 18, 2016

[8] "Payday Loans Regulation". www.bclaws.ca.

[9] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[10] Fumano, Dan. "B.C. government reform of payday loans explained". The Province. Retrieved 22 September 2016.

[gov.mb.ca-11] "Justice | Province of Manitoba". Province of Manitoba - Justice.

[12] "Newsroll". fcnb.ca. Retrieved 2 January 2018.

[13] "Federal exemption paves way for N.L. payday loan legislation". CBC. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2019.

[14] Antle, Rob. "Prosecutors opt against N.L. payday loan criminal charges". CBC News. Retrieved 2 November 2015.

[15] "Payday loans: your rights". NS Government. 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.

[16] "Payday loan fee drop coming to Nova Scotia". CBC News. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

[17] url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/payday-loan-your-rights#section-1

[18] Green, Matthew (3 March 2017). "city councillor for Ward 3 in Hamilton". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 5 March 2017.

[19] "Province Legislation Reducing Cost of Payday Loans". The Fountain Pen. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2017.

[20] "Payday loan: your rights". Payday loan: your rights. Government of Ontario. Retrieved 1 January 2017.

[21] "Government of Ontario, Canada". www.ontariocanada.com.

[22] "Ontario Seeking Input on Lower Rates for Payday Loans". news.ontario.ca.

[23] "Alternative Financial Services Statute Law Amendment Act, 2016". Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

[24] "Payday Loans Act, 2008". Payday Loans Act, 2008. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2015.

[25] "Ontario Regulation 98/09". Government of Ontario. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2015.

[26] "Payday loans Your Rights". www.ontario.ca. Retrieved 7 July 2019.

[27] "Payday loan borrowers in line for share of $10M class action | The Star". thestar.com. 5 July 2016.

[28] Crawley, Mike (5 February 2013). "Ontario wants to revoke licence of payday cash stores". CBC News. CBC/Radio-Canada. Retrieved 14 April 2015.

[29] "Payday loans regulated on P.E.I., 6 years later". CBC News. Retrieved 2 November 2015.

[30] "Payday loans: Predatory loan sharks or crucial fix in a pinch?". The Globe and Mail. 15 May 2015.

[31] "Payday loans to be regulated in Sask". CBC News. 9 June 2010. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2010.

[32] "OC 625/2011 - Proclaim The Payday Loans Act on Sunday, January 1, 2012 (Minister of Justice and Attorney General)". Government of Saskatchewan Publications Center. Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 14 April 2015.

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Payday loans in Canada

Provincial regulations

Alberta

British Columbia

Manitoba

New Brunswick

Newfoundland and Labrador

Nova Scotia

Ontario

Prince Edward Island

Quebec

Saskatchewan

References

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