Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Principality of Bitlis

Principality of Bitlis
1182–1847
Status
Ottoman Empire
(1655-1847)
CapitalBitlis
GovernmentPrincipality
Khan/Hakim 
• 1578-1597
Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi
History 
• Established
1182
• Disestablished
1847
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Seljuk Empire
Ottoman Empire
Today part ofBitlis Province

The Principality of Bitlis, also known as the Bitlis Khanate,[1] and the Bitlis Emirate (1182–1847) was a Kurdish principality that originated from the Rojaki (or Rozagi) tribal confederation. The Rojaki defeated the Georgian King David the Curopalate and conquered Bitlis and Sasun in the 10th century.[2] The principality occasionally came under the rule of outsiders, such as the Aq Qoyunlu (from 1467 to 1495) and the Safavids (from 1507 to 1514). After the decline of the Aq Qoyunlu, the Rojaki princes asserted their independence. The principality supported the Ottoman Sultan Selim I, and in return its rulers were named Noble Khans.[3] In 1531, the Rojaki prince withdrew his support from the Ottomans and turned towards the Safavids instead, an event that led to the capture of the principality by the Ottomans.[4]

A good era for the principality began in 1578, when Sultan Murad III nominated Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi the Emir of the principality.[3] Until 1596, eighteen Rojaki princes ruled the principality.

The Rojaki khans maintained their relative independence during the long rivalry between the Ottomans and the Safavids. In 1665, Abdal Khan's status as the Emir of the principality was strengthened after a visit to Bitlis by the Ottoman sultan Murad IV, as he supported the Ottomans in their feud with the Safavids.[5] Abdal Khan has been described by the French traveller Jean-Baptiste Tavernier as the most powerful Kurdish prince. According to him, Abdal Khan was independent and did not acknowledge the Safavid or Ottoman states.[6] Evliya Çelebi has praised Abdal Khan as a renaissance prince and owner of a library of books in several languages.[3] Several European travelers noted the ability of the emirate to call in militias (up to 12,000 cavalry forces) in order to defend itself.[7] The autonomy of the principality ended in 1655 as Emir Abdal Khan entered into conflict with the Malik Ahmad Pasha, the Wāli of Van at the time. Abdal Khan was accused of confiscating properties in Bitlis by merchants in Van and an[clarification needed] his closeness with the Yazidis. As result, the Ottoman Empire ended its tolerance towards the autonomy of the principality of Bitlis and it was integrated into the Van eyalet.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Koç, Gülseren Duman (2021-03-04). "A negotiation of power during the age of reforms in the Ottoman Empire: notables, tribes and state in Muş (1820-1840)". Middle Eastern Studies. 57 (2): 209–226. doi:10.1080/00263206.2020.1856092. ISSN 0026-3206. S2CID 231741839.
  2. ^ E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, p.1144, ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
  3. ^ a b c Eppel, Michael (2018-08-08). "The Kurdish emirates". Routledge Handbook on the Kurds. Routledge Handbooks Online. pp. 35–47. doi:10.4324/9781315627427-4. ISBN 978-1-138-64664-3. S2CID 186808301.
  4. ^ Eppel, Michael (5 June 2016). A People Without a State, The Kurds from the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism. University of Texas Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-4773-0911-7.
  5. ^ Eppel (2016), p.32
  6. ^ Eppel (2016), p.33
  7. ^ Eppel (2016), pp. 32–33
  8. ^ Eppel (2016), p. 33

Further reading

  • Alsancakli, Sacha (2017). "Matrimonial Alliances and the Transmission of Dynastic Power in Kurdistan: The Case of the Diyādīnids of Bidlīs in the Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries". Eurasian Studies. 15 (2): 222–249. doi:10.1163/24685623-12340037.
Read more information:

Time Warner Cable Inc.kantor pusat Time Warner CableJenispublik (NYSE: TWC)IndustrikomunikasiDitutup2016KantorpusatNew York City, New York, Amerika SerikatWilayah operasiSeluruh duniaTokohkunciRobert D. Marcus(CEO)Pendapatan$22.120 jutaTotal aset$48.273 jutaSitus webwww.twc.com Time Warner Cable Inc. (NYSE: TWC) adalah sebuah perusahaan publik asal Amerika Serikat yang bergerak di industri komunikasi.[1] Saat ini, markas pusat Time Warner Cable Inc. terletak di 60 Columbus Circle, New Yo…

Final Piala FA 2013TurnamenPiala FA 2012–2013 Manchester City Wigan Athletic 0 1 Tanggal11 Mei 2013StadionWembley Stadium, LondonPemain Terbaik Callum McManaman (Wigan Athletic)[1]WasitAndre Marriner (West Midlands)[2]Penonton86,254 [3]CuacaHujan 10 °C (50 °F)[4]← 2012 2014 → Final Piala FA 2013 FA merupakan final ke-132 dari Piala FA, sebagai kompetisi sepak bola tertua di dunia. Pertandingan ini dilakoni oleh Manchester City dan Wigan A…

Metal HealthBerkas:MetalHealthQuietRiot.jpgAlbum studio karya Quiet RiotDirilis11 Maret 1983Direkam1982StudioThe Pasha Music House, Hollywood, CaliforniaGenreHeavy metal, glam metalDurasi40:57LabelPashaProduserSpencer ProfferKronologi Quiet Riot Quiet Riot II(1978)Quiet Riot II1978 Metal Health(1983) Condition Critical(1984)Condition Critical1984 Penilaian profesional Skor ulasan Sumber Nilai AllMusic pranala Rolling Stone (tak meraih peringkat) pranala Tabel ini perlu dikembangkan menggunak…

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: SMP Negeri 24 Surabaya – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR SMP Negeri 24 SurabayaInformasiDidirikan1983Rentang kelasVII, VIII, IXKurikulumKurikulum Tingkat Satuan PendidikanAlamatLokasiJl. K…

الجبهة الوطنية التقدمية البلد سوريا  التأسيس تاريخ التأسيس 1972 المؤسسون حافظ الأسد الشخصيات قائد الحزب بشار الأسد قبله حافظ الأسد القادة القيادة المركزية المقر الرئيسي دمشق  الأفكار الأيديولوجيا قومية عربية و‌اشتراكية و‌علمانية انتساب إقليمي  سوريا مجلس الشعب 177 /…

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Leo SkurnikLeo SkurnikLahir(1907-03-28)28 Maret 1907Helsinki, Keharyapatihan FinlandiaMeninggal4 Desember 1976(1976-12-04) (umur 69)Oulu, FinlandiaPengabdianAngkatan Darat FinlandiaPangkatMayor medis Leo Skurnik (28 Maret 1907 – 4 De…

PIP2 redirects here. For other uses, see PIP2 (disambiguation). Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate Names IUPAC name 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate) Identifiers CAS Number 245126-95-8 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChemSpider 21169207 N PubChem CID 24742074 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID10420578 InChI InChI=1S/C47H85O19P3/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-34-36-41(49)63-39(37-61-40(48)35-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-…

العلاقات الزيمبابوية الليتوانية زيمبابوي ليتوانيا   زيمبابوي   ليتوانيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الزيمبابوية الليتوانية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين زيمبابوي وليتوانيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدو…

Terorisme Definisi Sejarah Insiden Ideologi Anarkis Komunis Konservatif Nasionalis Sayap kanan Sayap kiri Terorisme berbasis narkotika Agama Buddha Kristen (Mormon) Hindu Islam Yahudi Sikh Berkepentingan khusus / Isu tunggal Anti-aborsi Lingkungan Topik terkait Kekerasan etnis Gerakan milisi Gerakan perlawanan Struktur Pendanaan Organisasi utama Kamp pelatihan Skuad kematian Sistem sel klandestin Tanpa perlawanan Radikalisasi kaum muda daring MetodeTaktik Agro-terorisme Alat peledak improvi…

Alaska affiliate of the Republican Party Alaska Republican Party ChairpersonAnn BrownGovernorMike DunleavyLieutenant GovernorNancy DahlstromSenate PresidentGary StevensSpeakerCathy TiltonMembership (2021)144,342[1]IdeologyConservatismPolitical positionCenter-right to right-wingNational affiliationRepublican PartyColors  RedStatewide Executive Offices2 / 2 State Senate11 / 20[a] State House21 / 40[b] U.S. Senate (Alaskan seats)2 / 2 U.S. House of Representatives …

City in Massachusetts, United StatesMelrose, MassachusettsCityDowntown Melrose FlagSealMotto: One Community Open to AllLocation in Middlesex County in MassachusettsMelrose, MassachusettsLocation in the United StatesCoordinates: 42°27′30″N 71°04′00″W / 42.45833°N 71.06667°W / 42.45833; -71.06667CountryUnited StatesStateMassachusettsCountyMiddlesexSettled1629Incorporated1850City1900Government • TypeMayor-council city • MayorJennifer …

Protestant Christian movement Evangelical redirects here. For other uses, see Evangelical (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Evangelism or Evangelion (franchise). Part of a series onProtestantism Outline Concepts Anti-Protestantism Bible Criticism Culture Demographics Ecclesiology Liturgy Relations with Catholics Theologies Five Solas History Proto-Protestantism Bohemian Reformation Reformation Magisterial Radical Counter Martin Luther Ninety-five Theses Augsburg Confession Huldrych Zwing…

Family of flies Dance fly and dance flies redirect here. This term is also used for some Empididae. HybotidaeTemporal range: Barremian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Bicellaria spuria (Ocydromiinae: Bicellariini) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Diptera Suborder: Brachycera Infraorder: Asilomorpha Superfamily: Empidoidea Family: HybotidaeMacquart, 1823 Subfamilies Hybotinae Oedaleinae Ocydromiinae Trichininae Tachydr…

English poet and translator For his father, the English architect and designer, see Oliver Percy Bernard. Oliver Bernard (6 December 1925 – 1 June 2013)[1] was an English poet and translator. He is perhaps best known for translating Arthur Rimbaud into English as part of the Penguin Classics collection. Bernard's former house, Poets' Corner, in Kenninghall, where a memorial plaque has been erected. Bernard was born in London, to the English architect Oliver Percy Bernard OBE and the op…

Nama ini menggunakan cara penamaan Portugis. Nama keluarga pertama atau maternalnya adalah Dornelles dan nama keluarga kedua atau paternalnya adalah Lorenzoni. Onyx Lorenzoni Menteri KewarganegaraanPetahanaMulai menjabat 18 Februari 2020PresidenJair Bolsonaro PendahuluOsmar TerraPenggantiPetahanaKepala Staf KepresidenanMasa jabatan1 Januari 2019 – 18 Februari 2020PresidenJair Bolsonaro PendahuluEliseu PadilhaPenggantiWalter Souza Braga NettoDeputi Federal untuk Rio Grande do S…

David Lang David Lang (lahir 8 Januari 1957) adalah seorang komponis Amerika Serikat yang tinggal di New York City. Sebagai salah satu pembuat musikal kolektif Bang on a Can, ia dianugerahi Penghargaan Pulitzer untuk Musik tahun 2008 untuk The Little Match Girl Passion, yang memenangkan Grammy Award tahun 2010 untuk Penampilan Ensembel Kecil Terbaik.[1] Ia dinominasikan untuk sebuah Academy Award untuk Simple Song #3 dari film Youth.[2] Referensi ^ The Pulitzer Prize winners for …

Italian opera singer Mina LeonesiMina Leonesi c. 1914Bornc. 1890Rivoli, ItalyDiedc. 1930 (aged 39–40)Lombardy, ItalyOccupationOpera Singer & Actress Guglielmina 'Mina' Leonesi (c. 1890 – c. 1930) was an Italian opera singer and actress, active in the early 20th century. Mina was born to a middle-class family in Rivoli, Italy c.1890. Though predominantly based in Milan and appearing in productions staged at La Scala, Mina also travelled internationally with her work, includ…

Sporting event delegationRomania at the2012 Summer OlympicsIOC codeROUNOCRomanian Olympic and Sports CommitteeWebsitewww.cosr.ro (in Romanian, English, and French)in LondonCompetitors103 in 14 sportsFlag bearers Horia Tecău (opening)Sandra Izbașa (closing)MedalsRanked 29th Gold 2 Silver 4 Bronze 1 Total 7 Summer Olympics appearances (overview)19001904–1920192419281932193619481952195619601964196819721976198019841988199219962000200420082012201620202024 Romania competed at the 2012 Su…

American cyclist Tejay van GarderenVan Garderen at the 2013 Paris–NicePersonal informationFull nameTejay van GarderenBorn (1988-08-12) August 12, 1988 (age 35)Tacoma, Washington, U.S.Height1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)[1]Weight72 kg (159 lb; 11 st 5 lb)[1]Team informationCurrent teamEF Education–EasyPostDisciplineRoadRoleRider (retired)Directeur sportifRider typeClimberTime trialistAmateur teams2004–2005Rio Grande (Fort Collins, C…

Species of bat Tricolored bat A tricolored bat captured near Arnold Air Force Base in 2022 Conservation status Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Chiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Tribe: Perimyotini Genus: PerimyotisMenu, 1984 Species: P. subflavus Binomial name Perimyotis subflavus(F. Cuvier, 1832) Range of tricolored bat (in yellow) Synonyms Vespertilio subflavus F. Cuvier, 1832 Pip…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya