Public Force of Costa Rica

Public Force of Costa Rica
*Fuerza Pública de Costa Rica*
Public Force of Costa Rica; Fuerza Pública de Costa Rica
Agency overview
Formed	1996
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction	Costa Rica
General nature	Gendarmerie; Civilian police;
Specialist jurisdictions	National border patrol, security, and integrity.; Paramilitary law enforcement, counter insurgency, and riot control.;
Operational structure
Parent agency	Ministry of Public Security
Child agency	Air Vigilance Service;
Notables
Anniversary	1 December (Army Abolition Day);
Website
	seguridadpublica.go.cr/estructura/viceministrour/fuerza_publica/

The Public Force of Costa Rica (Spanish: Fuerza Pública de Costa Rica) is the Costa Rican national law enforcement force, which performs policing and border patrol functions.^[1]

History

On 1 December 1948, President José Figueres Ferrer of Costa Rica abolished the military of Costa Rica after achieving victory in the Costa Rican Civil War that year.^[2]^[3] In a ceremony in the Cuartel Bellavista, in the capital San José, Figueres broke a wall with a mallet symbolizing an end to Costa Rica's military services.^[4]

In 1949, the abolition of the military was introduced in Article 12 of the Constitution of Costa Rica.^[5] The budget previously dedicated to the military is now dedicated to security, education and culture. Costa Rica maintains Police Guard forces.

The museum Museo Nacional de Costa Rica was placed in the Cuartel Bellavista as a symbol of commitment to culture. In 1986, President Oscar Arias Sánchez declared December 1 as the Día de la Abolición del Ejército (Military abolition day) with Law #8115. Unlike its neighbors, Costa Rica has not endured a civil war since 1948. Costa Rica maintains small forces capable of law enforcement, but has no permanent standing army.

Public Force of the Ministry of Public Security (1996)

In 1996, the Ministry of Public Security established the Fuerza Pública or Public Force, a gendarmerie which reorganised and eliminated the Civil Guard, Rural Assistance Guard, and Frontier Guards as separate entities. They are now under the Ministry and operate on a geographic command basis performing ground security, law enforcement, counter-narcotics, border patrol, and tourism security functions. The Costa Rica Coast Guard also operates directly under the Ministry but is not a part of the Public Force proper.^[6]

Outside the Fuerza Pública, there is a small Special Forces Unit, the Unidad Especial de Intervencion (UEI) or Special Intervention Unit, an elite commando force which trains with special forces from around the world, but is not part of the main police forces. Instead it is part of the Intelligence and Security Directorate (DIS) which reports directly to the Minister of the Presidency. About 70-member strong, it is organized along military lines, although officially it is a civilian police unit.

The motto of the Public Force is "God, Fatherland, and Honour." Commissioner of Police Juan José Andrade Morales serves as its current Commissioner General.

Ranks

Comisario de Policía/ Director general de la Fuerza Pública
Comisionado de Policía
Comandante de Policía
Capitán de Policía
Intendente
Sub Intendente
Sargento de Policía
Inspector
Agente 2
Agente 1

Equipment

Small arms

Name	Caliber	Type	Origin
Pistols
IWI Jericho 941^[7]	9×19mm	Semi-automatic pistol	Israel
Beretta 92	9×19mm	Semi-automatic pistol	Italy
Beretta M9	9×19mm	Semi-automatic pistol	United States Italy
SIG Sauer P226	9×19mm	Semi-automatic pistol	Switzerland
M1911^[8]^[9]	.45 ACP	Semi-automatic pistol	United States
Smith & Wesson Model 10^[10]	.38 Special	Revolver	United States
Sub-machine guns
Heckler & Koch MP5	9×19mm	Submachine gun	West Germany
Uzi^[11]	9×19mm	Submachine gun	Israel
MAB-38^[12]	9×19mm	Submachine gun	Kingdom of Italy
Beretta M12^[13]	9×19mm	Submachine gun	Italy
Rifles
M14^[13]	7.62×51mm	Battle rifle	United States
FN FAL^[13]	7.62×51mm	Battle rifle	Belgium
SIG SG 556	5.56×45mm	Assault rifle	Switzerland
IMI Galil^[13]	5.56×45mm	Assault rifle	Israel
IWI Tavor	5.56×45mm	Bullpup Assault rifle	Israel
Steyr AUG	5.56×45mm	Bullpup Assault rifle	Austria
T65^[14]	5.56×45mm	Assault rifle	Taiwan
M16^[14]	5.56×45mm	Assault rifle	United States
M4	5.56×45mm	Carbine Assault rifle	United States
Sniper rifles
Remington M700^[12]	.308 Winchester	Sniper rifle	United States
M24 SWS	7.62×51mm	Sniper rifle	United States
SVD	7.62×54mmR	Designated marksman rifle Sniper rifle	Soviet Union
Machine guns
Browning M1918^[15]	.303 British	Light machine gun	United States
Browning M1919^[12]	7.62×51mm	Medium machine gun	United States
M60^[12]	7.62×51mm	General-purpose machine gun	United States
IWI Negev^[16]	7.62×51mm	Light machine gun	Israel
Grenade launchers
M79^[12]	40×46mm	Grenade launcher	United States

References

^ "Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2011)". Constitute. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
^ El Espíritu del 48. "Abolición del Ejército". Retrieved 2008-03-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) (Spanish)
^ Booth, John A. (2021-02-23). "Costa Rica: Demilitarization and Democratization". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1888. ISBN 9780190228637. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
^ "Historia militar de Costa Rica revive con los 100 años del Cuartel Bellavista". La Nación, Grupo Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-04.
^ "Air Advisors conduct first-ever BPC mission in Costa Rica". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 2018-09-04.
^ "Servicio Nacional de Guardacostas". Ministerio de Seguridad Pública Costa Rica (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
^ Central America Report. Vol. 24. Inforpress Centroamericana. 1997. p. 33.
^ Hogg, Ian (1989). Jane's Infantry Weapons 1989–90, 15th Edition. Jane's Information Group. pp. 826–836. ISBN 978-0-7106-0889-5.
^ "Latin American Light Weapons National Inventories". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2012. Citing Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian V., eds. (1995). Jane's Infantry Weapons, 1995–1996 (21st ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 9780710612410. OCLC 32569399.
^ Supica, Jim; Nahas, Richard (2007). Standard Catalog of Smith & Wesson. Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. pp. 141–143, 174, 210–211. ISBN 978-0-89689-293-4.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Bonn International Center for Conversion; Bundeswehr Verification Center. "MP UZI". SALW Guide: Global distribution and visual identification. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Jones, Richard (2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009-2010. Jane's Information Group. pp. 894–905. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gander, Jerry (2002). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2002–2003. Jane's Information Group. pp. 214, 899–906. ISBN 0-7106-2434-4.
^ ^a ^b "Customers / Weapon users". Colt Defense Weapon Systems. Archived from the original on 2 September 2011.
^ Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian V. Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995/1996. Jane's Information Group; 21 edition (May 1995). ISBN 978-0-7106-1241-0.
^ Kemp, Ian (March 2007). "Lightweight Firepower" (PDF). Asianmilitaryreview.com - Asian Military Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2010.