Quyi

Quyi
Quyi
Traditional Chinese	曲藝
Simplified Chinese	曲艺
Literal meaning	melody art
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	qǔyì
Shuochang yishu
Traditional Chinese	說唱藝術
Simplified Chinese	说唱艺术
Literal meaning	speak sing art
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	shuōchàng yìshù

Xiangsheng

Nanjing baiju

Suzhou pingtan

Errenzhuan

Kuaibanshu

Quyi ("melodious art") and shuochang yishu ("speaking and singing art") are umbrella terms for over 300 regional genres of traditional Chinese oral performing arts.^[1] Quyi is distinguished from xiqu (Chinese opera) by its emphasis on narration, as opposed to acting, although they share many elements including the same traditional stories. Quyi artists generally wear no to little makeup. Musical instruments like drums, wooden clappers, pipa, yangqin, or sanxian are commonly seen in quyi, as are hand fans.^[2]

History

While the storytelling art concept has been around for centuries, the narrative art concept was mostly recognized in the 1920s. Only after 1949 with the founding of the People's Republic of China did the term quyi become widely used. Prior to this, it was just classified as shuochang yishu.^[1] This is one of the art category that gained momentum since the New Culture Movement. With the exception of the Cultural Revolution period, a great number of stories written for this art are preserved.^[1]

Presentation

The story is usually told by a small number of people. The most standard number is 1 or 2, sometimes extending to 4 or higher. Quyi is often accompanied by clappers, drums, or stringed instruments, with the presenter wearing costumes at times. Unlike Chinese operas which has a fixed style for costume, quyi costumes vary depending on the era of the story plot. Costumes range from dynastic period hanfu to the more modern qipao or even suits.

The language used is usually associated with the spoken dialect of the local area. Sometimes it uses rhymed verse, some in prose, and some combine both. A lot of body movements may be used in the portrayal of the characters in the story. Each person may play multiple roles for multiple characters in the story.^[1] It is also this local and regional feel for the art that some would classify it as Chinese folk art.

Regions

Outside of mainland China, this entertainment form is also found in Taiwan.

Varieties

Baiju (白局) - Nanjing
Dagu (大鼓)
- Jingdong dagu (京东大鼓) – Tianjin
- Jingyun dagu (京韵大鼓)
- Xihe Dagu (西河大鼓)
Danxian (单弦) – Beijing zh
Kuaiban (快板)
Pinghua (评话)
Pingshu (评书)
Pingtan (评弹)
Shuoshu (说书)
Tanci (弹词)
Xiangsheng (相声)
Xiangshu (相書)
Yangzhou pinghua (扬州评话) – Yangzhou, Jiangsu
Zhuizi – Henan

Suzhou Pingtan sample

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Børdahl, Vibeke (1996). The Oral Tradition of Yangzhou Storytelling. Routledge. pp. 2–4. ISBN 0-7007-0436-1.
^ Duchesne, Isabelle (2005). "Quyi". In Davis, Edward L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture. Routledge. p. 690–692. ISBN 0-203-64506-5.